Transcript Sanctuary in the Book of Revelation
Sanctuary in the Book of Revelation
Jiří Moskala, Th.D., Ph.D.
Professor of Old Testament Exegesis and Theology Andrews University
Special Blessing
Rev 1:3 “Blessed is the one who reads the words of this prophecy, and blessed are those who hear it and take to heart what is written in it, because the time is near.”
An Appendix? An Obscure Book?
The Book of Revelation = Culmination of Biblical Theology.
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Revelation of John?
“
The revelation of Jesus Christ
, which God gave him to show his servants what must soon take place. He made it known by sending his angel to his servant John…” Rev 1:1
Revelation of God
Revelation coming from God about God!
Introduction and Conclusion:
GRACE
Rev 1:4 “Grace and peace to you…” Rev 22:21 “The grace of the Lord Jesus be with God's people. Amen.”
Literary Structure of the Book of Revelation
Chapters 1-11
Historical part
(several overviews from the first coming to the second coming of Jesus) Chapters 12-22
Eschatological part
(focus on the end-time events)
Chiastic Climax of the Apocalypse
Rev 12-14
The Chiasm of Revelation
Pro logue The Seven Churches A The Seven Seals B 4:1 8:1 1:9 3:22 1:1-8 The Seven Trum pets C The Final Crisis D 11:19 14:20 8:2 11:18 The Seven Bowls C’ 15:1 18:24 The Millen nium B’ 19:1 20:15 The New Jeru salem A’ 21:1 22:5 Epi logue 22:6 21
Revelation 12-14
The culmination of the chiastic structure
Summary of the Great Controversy
The Meganarrative of Revelation Series of Seven’s
• • • • • • •
Prologue: Revelation 1:1-8 (Series of Seven's) I. 7 Churches (2-3) II. 7 Seals (6:1-8:1) III. 7 Trumpets (8:7-11:8) IV. 7 Cosmic Conflict Scenes (12:1-15:4)
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[Last 6 start with kai eidon "And I saw"]
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1. 12:1-17 Woman and Serpent
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2. 13:1-10 Sea Beast 3. 13:11-16 Land Beast 4. 14:1-5 144,000 5. 14:6-13 3 Angels' Message 6. 14:14-20 Harvest 7. 15:1-4 Sea of Glass V. 7 Plagues (16:1-18:24) VI. 7 Scenes in the Windup of the Cosmic Conflict (19:11-20:15)
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[Each scene starts with kai eidon "And I saw"]
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1. 19:11-16 White Horse
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2. 19:17-18 Supper of Birds
• •
3. 19:19-21 Final Battle 4. 20:1-3 1000 Years
• •
5. 20:4-10 Saints Judge 6. 20:11 Great White Throne
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7. 20:12-15 Judgment of Dead VII. 7 Part Description of the New Jerusalem (21:9-22:5) – 21:9-11,12-14,15-17,18-21,22-27; 22:1-2,3-5.
Epilogue: Revelation 22:6-21
The Explicit Pattern
Introduction 1:9-20 4 & 5 8:2-6 11:19 15:5-8 19:1-10 21:1-8 Vision Seven Churches (2-3) Seven Seals (6-7) Seven Trumpets (8-11) 7 GC Scenes (12-14) Seven Plagues (16-18) 7 GC Scenes (19-20) New Earth (21-22)
The Literary Structure
Introductory Sanctuary Scenes Series of Seven's I. 1:9-20 Lampstands
7 Churches (2-3)
The Literary Structure
Introductory Sanctuary Scenes Series of Seven's
I. 1:9-20 Lampstands
II. 4-5 Throne: Inauguration
7 Churches (2-3)
7 Seals (6:1-8:1)
The Literary Structure
Introductory Sanctuary Scenes Series of Seven's
I. 1:9-20 Lampstands 7 Churches (2-3) II. 4-5 Throne: Inauguration 7 Seals (6:1-8:1)
III. 8:2-6 Altar of Incense: Intercession 7 Trumpets (8:7 11:8)
The Literary Structure
Introductory Sanctuary Scenes Series of Seven's
I. 1:9-20 Lampstands II. 4-5 Throne: Inauguration 7 Churches (2-3) 7 Seals (6:1-8:1) III. 8:2-6 Altar of Incense: Intercession 7 Trumpets (8:7-11:8)
IV. 11:19 Ark of Covenant: Judgment 7 Cosmic Conflict Scenes (12:1-15:4)
The Literary Structure
Introductory Sanctuary Scenes
I. 1:9-20 Lampstands
Series of Seven's
7 Churches (2-3) II. 4-5 Throne: Inauguration III.
8:2-6 Altar of Incense: Intercession 7 Seals (6:1-8:1) 7 Trumpets (8:7-11:8) IV.
11:19 Ark of Covenant: Judgment
V.
7 Cosmic Conflict Scenes (12:1-15:4)
15:5-8 Sanctuary Closes Up: Cessation 7 Plagues (16:1-18:24)
The Literary Structure
Introductory Sanctuary Scenes
I. 1:9-20 Lampstands II. 4-5 Throne: Inauguration III. 8:2-6 Altar of Incense: Intercession IV. 11:19 Ark of Covenant: Judgment V. 15:5-8 Sanctuary Closes Up: "De-inauguration"
VI. 19:1-10 Doxology from the Sanctuary Series of Seven's
7 Churches (2-3) 7 Seals (6:1-8:1) 7 Trumpets (8:7-11:8) 7 Cosmic Conflict Scenes (12:1-15:4) 7 Plagues (16:1 18:24)
7 Scenes in the Windup of the Cosmic Conflict (19:11-20:15)
The Literary Structure
Introductory Sanctuary Scenes
I. 1:9-20 Lampstands II. 4-5 Throne: Inauguration III. 8:2-6 Altar of Incense: Intercession IV. 11:19 Ark of Covenant: Judgment V. 15:5-8 Sanctuary Closes Up: "De-inauguration" VI. 19:1-10 Doxology from the Sanctuary
VII. 21:1-8 Tabernacle of God with Humans Series of Seven's
7 Churches (2-3) 7 Seals (6:1-8:1) 7 Trumpets (8:7-11:8) 7 Cosmic Conflict Scenes (12:1-15:4) 7 Plagues (16:1 18:24) 7 Scenes in the Windup of the Cosmic Conflict (19:11-20:15)
7 Part Description of the New Jerusalem (21:9-22:5)
The Literary Structure
•
Prologue: Revelation 1:1-8 Introductory Sanctuary Scenes I. 1:9-20 Lampstands II. 4-5 Throne: Inauguration III. 8:2-6 Altar of Incense: Intercession IV. 11:19 Ark of Covenant: Judgment V. 15:5-8 Sanctuary Closes Up: Cessation VI. 19:1-10 Doxology from the Sanctuary VII. 21:1-8 Tabernacle of God with Humans Series of Seven's 7 Churches (2-3) 7 Seals (6:1-8:1) 7 Trumpets (8:7-11:8) 7 Cosmic Conflict Scenes (12:1-15:4) 7 Plagues (16:1-8:24) 7 Scenes in the Windup of the Cosmic Conflict (19:11-20:15) 7 Fold Description of the New Jerusalem (21:9-22:5)
•
Epilogue: Revelation 22:6-21
Introductory Sanctuary Scenes
• I. 1:9-20 Lampstands • II. 4-5 Throne: Inauguration • III. 8:2-6 • IV. 11:19 Altar of Incense: Intercession Ark of Covenant: Judgment • V. 15:5-8 Sanctuary Closes Up: Cessation • VI. 19:1-10 Doxology from the Sanctuary • VII. 21:1-8 Tabernacle of God with Humans
Earth-Heaven-Earth Pattern
(1) Rev 1:9-20 Earth (2) Rev 4 & 5 (Inauguration) (3) Rev 8:2-6 (Intercession) (4) Rev 11:19 (Judgment) Heaven (5) Rev 15:5-8 (Cessation) (6) Rev 19:1-10 (Absence) (7) Rev 21:1-8 Earth
The Menorah Pattern
A VERTICAL VIEW HEAVEN (4) (3) (5) (2) (6) Intercession Cessation Inauguration Absence Rev 4:1 Rev 21:3 (1) (7) Patmos New J EARTH
The Daily Service (Tamid) in Revelation
Order of Daily Service
1) Trim lamps 2) Leave temple door open 3) Slay lamb 4) Pour out blood at base of altar of burnt offering 5) Collect coals and incense in censer 6) Minister incense at golden altar 7) Period of silence 8) Seven trumpets blow 9) Throw down censer
Order in Revelation
1) 1:12-20 2) 4:1 3) 5:6 4) 6:9-11 5) 8:3-4 6) 8:3-4 7) 8:1 8) 8:2,6 9) 8:5
The Yearly Service in Revelation
Allusions to Yom Kippur
1) Measure Sanctuary, Altar, and People (Lev 16:6,11,16-18, 23-24, 32-34) 2) Ark and Judgment 3) Commandments of God Located in Ark 4) Judgment Has Come 5) Grape Harvest (Fall)
Location in Revelation
1) 11:1-2 2) 11:18-19 3) 12:17; 14:12 4) 14:7 5) 14:14-20
The Daily/Yearly Pattern
First half of Revelation (1-11) modeled on “Daily” service (Tamid) Intercession Second half of Revelation (12-22) modeled on the yearly service (Yom Kippur) Judgment
The Annual Feasts in Revelation
Passover
● Concentration on Christ’s death and resurrection (1:5,17-18; 3:21) ● Fulfilled by earthly Christ ● Search for leaven ● Meal of Mutual Fellowship (Rev 3:20)
The Annual Feasts in Revelation
Pentecost
● Inauguration of heavenly sanctuary occurred at Pentecost ● 5:6– Spirit goes out to world ● First Pentecost at Sinai (Exod 19) ● Readings for Pentecost = Exod 19; Ezek 1
The Annual Feasts in Revelation
Feast of Trumpets
● Clearest connection with annual feasts ● Seven new moons leading up to feast
The Annual Feasts in Revelation
Day of Atonement
● Sanctuary, ark, commandments, judgment ● Grape Harvest
The Annual Feasts in Revelation
Tabernacles
● Rev 21-22: Yom Kippur is over ● Harvest is over (Rev 14) ● God’s Tabernacle is with us (21:3) ● Feasting, palm branches, music, rejoicing, hallelujahs (cf. Rev 7, 19) ● Water and light
The Seven Sanctuary Scenes and the Annual Hebrew Festivals
Sanctuary Scenes I. 1:9-20 II. 4-5 III. 8:2-6 IV. 11:19 V.
15:5-8 VI. 19:1-10 VII. 21:1-8 Festivals Passover Pentecost Trumpets Day of Atonement (Beginning) Day of Atonement (Progression) Day of Atonement (Closure) Tabernacles
The Annual Feasts in Revelation
Book of Revelation Moves from Spring to Fall Feasts Trumpets = transition from Spring to Fall Signals opening of judgment Yearly service is presented in the 2 nd half
First half of book = Christian age Second half of book = End -Time
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1:9-20
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4-5
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8:2-6
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11:19 15:5-8
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19:1-10
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21:1-8
Patterns: Earth/Heaven and Holy Place /Most Holy Place
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
Earth
—focus on earthly work of Christ (combined with Holy Place imagery)
Inauguration
of heavenly sanctuary — (thorough mix of sanctuary imagery but Holy Place focus)
Intercession
in heavenly sanctuary —(Holy Place)
Judgment
in heavenly sanctuary (Most Holy Place)
Cessation
of heavenly sanctuary ministry
Doxology
in heaven —(absence of explicit heavenly sanctuary imagery)
Back to Earth
—"Tabernacle of God is with men."
God is love
• These seven opening sanctuary scenes present a beautiful picture about our God, His amazing actions for us, and His magnificent plan of Salvation.
• Hallelujah to God!
• Soli Deo Gloria!!! Amen!