Transcript Document

Presentation
of
First Draft Report
Professional Institutional Network (PIN)
NATIONAL RURAL EMPLOYMENT
GUARANTEE ACT (NREGA)
MONITORING AND APPRAISAL
(IMPACT ASSESSMENT)
Name of the districts selectedAzamgarh, Sultanpur, Barabanki,
Faizabad, Aligarh
State : Uttar Pradesh
DEPARTMENT OF EXTENSION EDUCATION
N.D. UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE & TECHNOLOGY
Kumarganj, Faizabad-224229 (UP) India
1.
Project Title
2. Strength of Man Power
2.1 Survey Coordinator
2.2 Co-Survey Coordinator
3. Research Supervisors (04)
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
: MONITORING AND APPRAISAL
(IMPACT ASSESSMENT) OF NREGA
: Dr. R. K. Doharey
Associate Professor of Extension Education,
Department of Extension Education,
N.D. University of Agriculture & Technology
Kumarganj, Faizabad – 224 229 (U.P.)
Phone No. 09415067544,09919834734,
05270-262013(O)
E-mail: [email protected]
: Dr. B.V.S Sisodia
Professor and Head of Agricultural Statistics,
Department of Agricultural Statistics
: Dr. Prakash Singh
Associate Professor of Extension Education,
: Dr. Kanti Prasad
Professor of Soil Science
: Dr. Chandra Deo
Asstt. Professor of Vegetable Science
: Dr. Anil Kumar
Asstt. Professor of Agricultural Economics
4. Research Associate (04)
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
5.
6.
7.
8.
: Dr. Dharmendra Kumar
Asstt. Professor of Plant Pathology
: Dr. S. K. Sachan
Asstt. Professor of Veterinary Extension
: Dr. C. N. Ram
Asstt. Professor of Genetics and Plant
: Breeding
Dr. Saurabh Verma
Asstt. Professor of Agronomy
: 08 (To be filled in survey period only)
Field Workers
(Volunteers)
Name of the Institution/ : N.D. University of Agriculture & Technology
University
Kumarganj, Faizabad-224 229 (U.P.)
Implementing
: Department of Extension Education
N.D. University of Agriculture & Technology
Department/ Institution
Kumarganj, Faizabad – 224 229 (U.P.)
Project Duration
: Three – Four Months
9. Date of start
10. Total Cost of the project
(Rs.)
: January, 2009
: 1180000
11. Background of Institution:
Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology
Kumarganj, Faizabad was established on 10th October 1975 in remote
area on Raebarelli Road at Kumarganj, 42 Km away from district head
quarter Faizabad. The University has the mandate of teaching, research
and extension education in various fields of agriculture. The university
has its area of jurisdiction in 25 districts of eastern Uttar Pradesh.
Presently, the university has 6 colleges, 6 research stations, 15 Krishi
Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) and 7 Krishi Gyan Kendras (KGKs).
The Department of Extension Education is responsible for
Extension Education, Teaching, research, survey work with farmers in
a participatory mode. The area responsibility of the university is
located in three agro-climatic zones namely Central plain Zone, North
Eastern Plain, Eastern Plain and Vindhyan zone. The human resources
available in the university would be utilized in the interest of this
project where so ever required.
12. Background & Context of NREGA in UP:
The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA)
notified on 7th September, 2005, aims at enhancing livelihood security
of households in rural areas of the country by providing at least one
hundred days of guaranteed wage employment in a financial year to
every household, whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled
manual work. The choice of works suggested in the Act addresses the
causes of chronic poverty like drought, deforestation and soil erosion
etc., so that the process of employment generation could be maintained
on a sustainable basis. The Act covers all 615 rural districts of the
country in 200 districts in its first phase 330 additional districts in
Phase II and all the remaining rural districts were notified with effect
from April 1, 2008 marking Phase III of the Act.
The Act provides 8 categories of works which can be undertaken
i.e. water conservation and water harvesting, drought proofing
(including a forestation and plantation), canal and other minor and
micro irrigation work, provision of irrigation facility, horticulture
plantation and land development on the private lands of SC/ST, IAY
and land reform beneficiaries and BPL families, land development,
flood protection and drainage works, providing all-weather
connectivity in rural areas.
Any rural household can apply in Gram Panchayat for
registration and issue of job cards. Once the job cards are issued,
members of the household may apply for employment to the Gram
Panchayat or the Programme Officer. On submission of application, the
applicant must be issued a dated acknowledgement receipt. He should
be provided employment within 15 days of the application, failing
which he will be provided unemployment allowance whose cost is
borne by the State Government. Panchayati Raj Institutions are
principal planning, implementing and monitoring authorities. The
Gram Sabha must monitor the execution of projects and conduct social
audit of all projects executed within its territorial jurisdiction.
13. Objectives of the Appraisal:
Two years of the programme have indicated a need to evolve the
design of the monitoring system to more effectively address the
implementation challenges. Thus, there is a need to develop
Professional Institutional Network (PIN) for steady, sustainable
interventions that will enhance the quality of the programme to
undertake concurrent monitoring & appraisal, evaluation & impact
assessment, action research, case studies on priority basis keeping in
view the above points, the project would be exercised with following
objectives:
Objectives
13.1 To study the works going on under NREGA programme in the
study area undertaken.
13.2 To study the nature and extent of monitoring done by the officials
of the NREGA.
13.3 To appraise the impact of work as carried on by the beneficiaries
on their socio-economic profile.
13.4 To conduct the case studies of successful cases under NREGA
programme.
13.5 To identify the socio-economic problems in the area under study
and develop the action research project for the solution of the
identified problems.
13.6 To generate awareness in rural people about NREGA through
information education communication system.
13.7 To trace out the constraints observed and perceived by the
beneficiaries in smooth functioning of the work undertaken.
14. District Selection Criteria & District Profile: Among the of 70
district of U.P. as per the Phage I- 22, Phage II-17 and Phage III- 30
district cover by the NREGA. We have selected 02 districts namely
Azamgarh and Barabanki from Phage I-, Sultanpur from Phage II and 2
district namely Aligarh and Faizabad from Phage III as per norms of
performance, size and recommendations of the state and Ministry of
Rural Development. These districts were selected
for impact
assessment of NREGA.
14.1-Azamgarh: NREGA started in this district on April, 2006. Out of
22 CD blocks of Azamgarh district, we have randomly selected 2 CD
blocks for the study . These blocks are Palhna and Palhni.
14.1.1 Palhna: out of 43 Gram Panchayat of Palhna block, 04 Gram
Panchayat were randomly selected. The name of these blocks are:
Tadakdih, Lahuan Khurd, Awni and Sarai Khurs. The work under the
NREGA was completed in Awni whereas work was ongoing in rest of
3 villages.
14.1.2 Palhni: out of the 74 Gram Panchayat of Palhni block, 04 Gram
Panchayat namely Jafarpur, Kodar Azmatpur, Kisun Daspur and
Bhaduli were selected randomly. The work under NREGA was
completed in Kisun Daspur whereas work was ongoing in remaining
03 villages.
14.2-Barabanki: NREGA is start in this district on April, 2006. Out of
the total 15 CD blocks in Barababnki district, we have selected
randomly 02 CD blocks Banikodar and Haidergarh in Barababanki
district for the study.
14.2.1 Banikodar: This block contains 75 Gram Panchayat. We have
selected 04 Gram Panchayat randomly namely Begua Behrela,
Banikodar, Belpur and Kithuri for the impact assessment of NREGA.
The work under the NREGA programme was completed in Belpur
village whereas remaining 3 villages having ongoing work.
14.2.2 Haidergarh: Haidargarh has 64 Gram Panchayat. We have
selected 4 Gram Panchayat randomly out of 64. The selected blocks
are Harishchandpur, Jamilhusainabadrampur, Satrahi and Gaura. The
work under the NREGA was completed Jamilhusainabadrampur
village whereas the work under the NREGA was ongoing in rest of 3
villages.
14.3-Sultanpur: NREGA started in this district on July, 2007.
Sultanpur has the 23 CD blocks. We have selected randomly 02 CD
blocks namely Jagdishpur and Musafirkhana in Sultanpur district for
the study.
14.3.1 Jagdishpur: Out of total 61 Gram Panchayat of Jagdishpur
block, 4Gram Panchayat namely Maddupur, Gadariyadih, Dewkali
and Matiyarikalan were selected randomly. The work under the
NREGA was completed in Matiyarikalan village whereas work was
ongoing in remaining 3 villages.
14.3.2 Musafirkhana: Among the total 49 Gram Panchayat of
Musafirkhana, we have selected 04 Gram Panchayat namely Dadra,
Rasulabad, Jamuari and Pindara Karnai. The work under NREGA was
completed in Pindari Karnai village whereas the work was ongoing in
remaining 03 villages.
14.4-Aligarh: NREGA started in Aligarh district on April, 2008.
Aligarh is a district of 13 CD block. Among 13 blocks, we have
selected randomly 02 blocks of Aligarh district namely, Dhanipur and
Jawan for the study.
14.4.1 Dhanipur: Dhanipur contains 69 Gram Panchayat. We have randomly
selected the 04 Gram Panchayat out of 69 namely Naglapaankhani, Adaun,
Bhawangadhi and Kalai. The wok under NREGA was completed in
Naglapaankhani village and wok was ongoing in remaining 03 villages.
14.4.2 Jawan: Jawan blocks contains 62 Gram Panchayat. We have selected
04 Gram Panchayat out of 62 Gram Panchayat of bawan. These gram
panchayats are namely Bhojpur, Gadhiya, Pilauna, Sunana and Dewthala. The
work was completed work in Sunana village whereas work was ongoing in
remaining 03 villages.
14.5-Faizabad: The NREGA started in Fazabad district on April, 2008. This
district contains 11 blocks. Two blocks namely Sohawal and Amanniganj form
Faizabad district were selected randomly.
14.5.1 Sohawal: The block Sohawal contain 53 Gram Panchayat. 04 Gram
Panchayat namely Babhaniyawan, Pirkhauli, Godwa and Haribandhanpur.
were selected randomly for this work. The work was completed in Godwa
village whereas work was going on in remaining 3 villages.
14.5.2 Amaniganj: Amaniganj contain 69 Gram Panchayat. form these 64
gram panchayats, we have selected 4 Gram Panchayat namely Akma, Okha,
Sarauli and Ranikpur randomly. The work under NREGA was completed in
Ranikpur whereas work was ongoing in remaining 03 villages.
15. Methodology and Sample Size:
The work on monitoring and appraisal (Impact assessment) of
NREGA were done in 05 districts namely Barabanki, Faizabad,
Azamgarh, Sultanpur and Aligarh of Uttar Pradesh as per norms of
performance, size of the state and recommendations of the Ministry.
Our institute will select 5 districts (at least one from Phase I, II & III )
for the purpose.
 Blocks and Gram Panchayats: The sample consisted of two blocks
from each district, four Gram Panchayat, four villages (one in each
GP) from each block.
 Works: Work surveyed in each selected Gram Panchayat. Out of
the total 4 gram panchayat per block, work in 3 gram panchayatas
should be ongoing and work in 1 gram panchayata should be
completed.
 Workers/Non-beneficiaries: The method of cross verification and
in depth analysis was applied. 10 workers per gram panchayats were
selected randomly for interview to represent the work status and
impact assessment of NREGA. This way multi stage sampling
design was used for this survey work.
State
(U.P.)
Phase I
Azamgarh Barabanki
Palhana
Palhni
Bani Kodar
Haidargarh
Phase II
Sultanpur
Jagdishpur
Musafirkhana
Phase II
Aligarh
Faizabad
Jawan
Amaniganj
Dhanipur Sohawal
District
Blocks2
Blocks1
GP1
GP2
GP3
GP4
GP1
GP2
GP3
OG
work
OG
work
OG
work
C
work
OG
work
OG
work
OG
work
C
work
10
workers
10
workers
10
workers
10
workers
10
workers
10
workers
OWBs
30
10
workers
10
workers
CWBs
10
OWBs
30
OWBs
60
CWBs
20
Abbreviations :
80 NWBs
80 x 5= 400 NWBs
GP4
CWBs
10
Abbreviations :
OGW- Ongoing works, C
OWBsOngoing works
OGW- Ongoing works,
CW- Completed
work b
CWBs- Completed works
OWBs- Ongoing works beneficiaries,
NWBsNREGA work ben
CWBs- Completed works
beneficiaries
NWBs- NREGA work beneficiaries
Field observations and interactions were verified from the official
records at Gram Panchayats, Blocks and District level. Discrepancies,
if any were also noted. The study work was done in 05 districts of
North Eastern & Central Plain Zone selected purposively on criteria of
resourceslessness and existing more job opportunities. We have
selected 10 blocks in five districts. 2 blocks in a district where
randomly selected by simple random sampling without replacement
where the NREGA is under the process. At third stage of sampling 4
Gram Panchayats in a block were selected randomly SRSWOR. The
40 sample Gram Panchayats were selected from all 10 sample blocks.
These 40 Gram Panchayats reflect its respective villages. Accordingly,
01 work in each village out of the total no. of works being exercised in
the village were selected randomly (03 was ongoing work and 01 was
completed work). 10 workers from each gram panchayat were selected
randomly which represents 40 workers/job card holders in a selected
block. (Status of 30 beneficiaries of ongoing work and 10 from
completed work beneficiaries). Thus, the status of total no. of worker
beneficiaries studied from all 10 sample blocks of their respective
villages were 400. Out of these workers 300 were from ongoing work
and 100 work beneficiaries from completed work under the NREGA.
A structured schedule was developed on the basis of the variables
depicting from the objectives undertaken. The data were collected
according to scheduled and the appropriate statistical tools and
techniques for the analysis of the assembled data from the respondents
were used.
• Schedule Proforma and Data Collection: The as per objective of
the studying schedule proforma prepared the data collection on the
various aspects to the fulfil the objective wise the study. The schedule
proforma were tested and validated accordingly, so that in order to
avoid the discrepancies duly the collection of data.
o 08 volunteers/filed worker were recruited and given sufficient
training for the collection of data. The data collect on the
prescribed schedule proforma were collected by those volunteers
by contacting each selected job card holders one by one.
The scientific person involve in the impact assessment of NREGA for
monitored and supervised. The data collection pressure by the
volunteers
16. Periodicity and Time Frame:
The study team visited comprise of 8 persons and the survey of
each district were completed 6 days. In addition to verification of field
observations, all issues of concern will be discussed with the district
and the state during the visit.
17. Reporting and Presentation:
A hard and soft copy of the compiled report should be submitted
by the end of the 3 months period, that is January 2009, to the Ministry
of Rural Development. Prior to submission of the report to the
Ministry, the institution should share their findings with each district
for necessary action and give a certificate to this effect. The report
should be submitted in a standardized format given by the Ministry.
18. Budget:
The per visit cost for a 6 day visit to a district is estimated to be
Rs.1,04000 and total cost is Rs 11,80000/
SALIENT FINDINGS
1- Distribution of workers on the basis of level of education
Districts
Azamgarh Sultanpur Barabanki Faizabad Aligarh Total
39
49
54
44
44
230
Illiterate
48.75
61.25
67.5
55
55
57.5
35
23
22
22
23
125
Below and high school
43.75
28.75
27.5
27.5
28.75
31.25
6
8
4
14
11
43
Intermediate
7.5
10
5
17.5
13.75
10.75
0
0
0
0
2
2
Graduate
0
0
0
0
2.5
0.5
80
80
80
80
80
400
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
Description
2- Distribution of workers on the basis of their age group
Age group
18-30
30-42
42-54
54-66
Total
Districts
Azamgarh Sultanpur Barabanki Faizabad Aligarh Total
25
27
27
24
27
130
31.25
33.75
33.75
30
33.75
32.5
22
29
30
20
30
131
27.5
36.25
37.5
25
37.5
32.75
23
16
12
28
21
100
28.75
20
15
35
26.25
25
10
8
11
8
2
39
12.5
10
13.75
10
2.5
9.75
80
80
80
80
80
400
100
100
100
100
100
100
3- Distribution of workers according to caste structure
Casts
General
OBC
SC/ST
Total
Districts
Azamgarh Sultanpur Barabanki Faizabad Aligarh Total
2
4
3
9
5
23
2.5
5
3.75
11.25
6.25
5.75
12
30
26
22
39
129
15
37.5
32.5
27.5
48.75 32.25
66
46
51
49
36
248
82.5
57.5
63.75
61.25
45
62
80
80
80
80
80
400
100
100
100
100
100
100
4- Detail of family of the workers
Districts
Family type Azamgarh Sultanpur Barabanki Faizabad Aligarh Total
25
28
10
35
26
124
Nuclear
31.25
35
12.5
43.75
32.5
31
55
52
70
45
54
276
Joint
68.75
65
87.5
56.25
67.5
69
80
80
80
80
80
400
Total
100
100
100
100
100
100
5- Distribution of family size of the workers
Family size
2 to 4
5 to 7
8 to 10
11 to 13
14 to 16
17 to 20
Total
Districts
Azamgarh Sultanpur Barabanki Faizabad Aligarh Total
17
14
15
22
10
78
21.25
17.5
18.75
27.5
12.5
19.5
35
32
28
28
32
155
43.75
40
35
35
40
38.75
14
20
21
19
19
93
17.5
25
26.25
23.75
23.75 23.25
7
5
10
6
12
40
8.75
6.25
12.5
7.5
15
10
5
5
4
2
4
20
6.25
6.25
5
2.5
5
5
2
4
2
3
3
14
2.5
5
2.5
3.75
3.75
3.5
80
80
80
80
80
400
100
100
100
100
100
100
6- Distribution of sex ratios of the workers
Description
Male
Female
Total
Districts
Azamgarh Sultanpur Barabanki Faizabad Aligarh Total
61
73
71
67
78
350
76.25
91.25
88.75
83.75
97.5
87.5
19
7
9
13
2
50
23.75
8.75
11.25
16.25
2.5
12.5
80
80
80
80
80
400
100
100
100
100
100
100
7- Awareness among the workers about National Rural Employment Guaranty Act (NREGA)
S.No. Description
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
NREGA, an act to
guarantee the rural
employment
The age of job seekers
should not be less than 18
years
Priority is given to women
job seekers
Job seeking is for all
irrespective of BPL/APL
The base of job days to be
provided is the family not
the individual
Minimum wage level as
prescribed is Rs.100/day
The wage payment is done
weekly
Payment may exceed
maximum up to a fortnight
Unemployment allowance
Azamgarh Sultanpur Barabanki Faizabad
Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No
Aligarh
Yes No
Total
Yes No
48
32
66
14
50
30
54
26
66
14
284
116
54
26
61
19
48
32
58
22
65
15
286
114
50
30
53
27
49
31
52
28
59
21
263
137
32
48
33
47
37
43
41
39
51
29
194
206
40
40
29
51
43
37
46
34
48
32
206
194
41
39
54
26
58
22
61
19
54
26
268
132
75
5
76
4
79
1
74
6
79
1
383
17
59
0
21
80
61
0
19
80
58
0
22
80
61
0
19
80
72
0
8
80
311
0
89
400
Cont.
S.No.
Description
13
At a time, the job seekers can
apply for the job at least for 14
days
The employment should be
made available to the applicant
on priority at the distance of 5
Km.
Within 15 days from the receipt
of application, the job seekers
would be intimated at
panchayat level through notice
on notice board that which job
is assigned to whom, when and
where?
After registration of verified
application, the job card will be
issued on prescribed format
within a week
Job card is a legal document
valid for 5 years
Whether, any fee is charged
from you for job card
preparation with photograph
If you lodged any complaint, in
Such case complaints were
14
15
16
17
18
19
Azamgarh
Yes
No
Sultanpur
Yes
No
Barabanki
Yes
No
Faizabad
Yes No
Aligarh
Yes No
Total
Yes No
39
41
40
40
43
37
58
22
48
32
228
172
55
25
70
10
53
27
68
12
67
13
313
87
43
37
50
30
39
41
54
26
56
24
242
158
31
49
35
45
32
48
47
33
44
36
189
211
29
51
41
39
41
39
35
45
40
40
186
214
38
42
53
27
50
30
61
19
53
27
255
145
51
29
49
31
49
31
39
41
53
27
241
159
8- Impact of NREGA on various aspects of workers/beneficiaries status
S.No. Description
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Azamgarh
Before
After
Sultanpur
Before
After
Barabanki
Before
After
Faizabad
Before
After
Aligarh
Before
After
Over All average
Before
After
Work
availability
in a year
80.9
107.4
82.1
125.5
86.4
100.8
94.5
111.7
131.00
168.00
94.98
122.68
Wage Given (in Cash/Kind)
a. Daily
42
10
59
4
53
13
40
6
46
5
48
7.6
b. Weekly
37
54
39
49
32
35
45
51
43
51
39.2
48
Wage
earned per
71.95
100
70.04
100
60.86
92.13
67.15
110
67.65
81.4
67.53
96.706
day (Rs)
Annual
income
(Rs.)
6159 13638.75 5713.75 12183.75 7596.88 11753.75 5591.79 12479.38 8946.78 13455.03 6801.64 12702.13
Annual
expenses
(Rs.)
5065.5 10342.5 4743.75 10968.75 3768.75 7378.75
6551 11390.63 4947.5 8469.38 5015.3 9710.002
Loan taken
(Rs)
(Indebtness)
24
15
19
11
35
34
38
16
22
13
27.6
17.8
Place of work
a. In nearby
villages
61
63
55
65
56
54
52
64
9
11
46.6
51.4
b. District
head
quarter
32
16
25
13
26
19
31
6
4
7
23.6
12.2
Preference
of work
14
20
23
42
21
26
34
8
11
7
20.6
20.6
19. Constraints observed
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Lack of medical facility (first aid) at worksites.
Lack of regular work in NREGA.
Incomplete job card.
Illiteracy was found to be the major constraint.
(v)
Unavailability of skilled labour within the village for completing the puccka work.
(vi)
Persons are having job cards but not interested for work and requested forcibly for
unemployment allowances.
(vii)
Problems encountered during opening and operating A/c in the banks.
(viii)
Non cooperation from bank officials for smooth functioning (especially the
Grameen banks)
(ix)
Unavailability of nationalized bank branches in rural areas.
(x)
Delay in payment of wages due to lengthy official procedure which ultimately
defeat the purpose
(xi)
Lack of awareness amongst the villagers and village heads (Gram Pradhan) and
Gram vikas adhikari (secratry) about the real concept of the ACT.
(i)
Lack of knowledge amongst the villagers about the discrimination of wages for
skilled and unskilled labours.
(ii)
Lack of interest amongst the village head as there is no provision of honorarium for
them.
(iii)
Village secretaries having a heavy work load because of widen operational area
under them (i.e. 6-8 villages) in different cluster.
(iv)
Large number of inefficient workers having job cards due to widen range of age
limit (18 to 60 Years).
(v)
Large number of job card has been asked by the villagers expecting unemployment
allowances.
(vi)
Lack of facilities (i.e. child care, shade, first aid box) at the work site.
(vii)
Lack of cooperation between village revenue and village panchayat department..
(viii)
Unavailability of village revenue records which ultimately affect the renovation of
previously existing village asset (i.e. talab, orchards, grass land link roads etc).
(ix)
Villagers are showing least interest to work nearby the village due to social status.
(x)
Villagers were working at nearby brickfield as they are getting better remuneration
per day and work availability for longer periods (specially at Aligarh district).
(xi)
Gram Rojgar Sahayak were inadequate in numbers, wherever they were appointed
were not showing interest in work.
(xii)
Heavy load of record maintenance and other paper work.