Transcript Document

PROGNOSIS FOR THE ACA
IN MIDDLE AGE—PRETERMINAL
John P. Geyman, M.D.
Professor Emeritus of Family Medicine
University of Washington, Seattle
April 15, 2014
THE ACA’S ROLLOUT
• Glitchy website
• Dysfunctional exchanges
• Low signups and enrollments
• Serial delays
• Mixed public reaction and confusion
SOME POSITIVE GAINS
OF THE ACA
• Newly insured:
4 million through the new exchanges
6.3 million new or renewed Medicaid
3.1 million young people on parents’ policies until age 26
TOTAL 16.4 million
• Subsidies 138 percent up to 400 percent FPL
• USPSTF preventive services without cost sharing
• Limited funding primary care and community health centers
DELAYS IN IMPLEMENTATION
OF THE ACA
• April 2013—ACA’s cap on out-of-pocket costs delayed from 2014 to 2015.
• Summer 2013—employer mandate for firms 50-99 workers delayed from
2014 to 2015.
• November 2013—insurers can sell non-compliant policies at least
another year.
• February 2014—above employer mandate delayed further to 2016.
• February 2014—employers with 100 or more workers required to offer
coverage to at least 70 percent of full-time workers, not 95 percent.
• March 2014—open-enrollment for 2015 delayed until after Nov.
elections.
HOW ACA FALLS SHORT
ON ACCESS TO CARE
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25 states opt out of Medicaid expansion.
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Medicaid coverage gap
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Medicaid cuts limiting benefits and physician
reimbursement.
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Primary care shortage.
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Out-of-network barriers.
REASONS YOU CAN’T KEEP YOUR
INSURANCE IF YOU LIKE IT
• Cancelled policies
• Employers drop coverage, shift workers to
part-time, or pass them to exchanges
• Premiums unaffordable
• Loss of choice of doctors and hospitals
REASONS YOU CAN’T KEEP
YOUR DOCTOR
• Out of network (70 percent through
exchanges)
• Exclusion by ACO
• Physician won’t accept low
reimbursement
• Retirement or death of physician
THE COST VS. CHOICE
“EXPERIMENT”: INSURERS
WIN, PATIENTS LOSE
• Narrow networks with lower premiums, worse
benefits
• Patients lose continuity of care at affordable costs
• Leading hospitals often out of network
• Insurers profit by gaining enrollees with lower-cost
physicians and hospitals.
• Déjà vu over again since managed care of 1990s
REASONS WHY ACA
WILL NOT SAVE COSTS
• No price controls.
• Ongoing perverse incentives to profit.
• Increased costs of expanded bureaucracy.
• Market failure without limits.
BURDENSOME MEDICAL DEBT
FOR THE “INSURED”
• In-network cost sharing
• Out-of-network care
• Unaffordable premiums
• Insurance coverage limits or exclusions
• Unaffordable out-of-pocket costs
• No limits for out-of-network costs.
WHY ACA IS FAILING, AND
WON’T WORK
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Leaves almost 40 million uninsured, many
millions underinsured
Unaffordable costs of care even if costs of
insurance are subsidized
Continued barriers to access
Improvement in quality unlikely
Increased bureaucracy, overhead and waste
Profits trump care
Unaccountable and unsustainable
LESSONS FROM THE ACA
• You can’t control costs by leaving for-profit health care
industries in charge.
• You can’t reform the delivery system without reforming the
financing system.
• Private health insurance does not offer enough value to be
bailed out by government.
• It is futile to use unproven or discredited incremental
strategies to “reform” the system (Egs., CDHC, P4P, ACOs)
• You can’t have an efficient insurance system without a large
risk pool.
• The safety net continues to unravel, especially in nonexpanding states.
HOW INSURERS PROFITEER
FROM THE ACA
• Premium hikes with minimal regulatory constraint
• High deductibles (eg., $5,000 before covering office visit)
• Overheads averaging 19 percent, including profits
• Overpayments to private Medicare Advantage plans
• Limited benefit plans
• Gaming what counts as care under the medical loss ratio rule.
• Selling short-term policies that last less than 12 months.
A FIFTH TIER?
(“Pyrite” or “Fools Gold”)
If you take ten categories of coverage and you have a giant step-up,
that is a bridge too far for some individuals… that was being
telegraphed pretty clearly in the fall, not from us but from people who
were buying the product and would have to spend more. So I would
create a lower tier, so that people could gradually move into the
program, so they could be part of the risk pool so we don’t hold the
healthier people outside, so the process could be working the way it
was designed, so we get the healthy and the sick… They’re in control
if they have more choices.
—Karen Ignagni, President and CEO of America’s Health Insurance Plans (AHIP).
C-SPAN, March 21, 2014
THE HEALTH INSURANCE INDUSTRY:
DYING WITHOUT THE ACA’S BAILOUT
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Continued inflation of health care costs
Growing unaffordability of premiums
Subsidies as direct pass through to insurers
Unaffordability of cost sharing & out-of-pocket costs
Adverse selection in fragmented risk pools
Decreasing actuarial value of coverage
Continued decline of employer-sponsored insurance
“[Obamacare] is not a government takeover of
medicine. It’s the privatization of health care. . .
. It will make some people very rich.”
—Tom Scully, former administrator of CMS
in the George W. Bush administration
Health care stocks went up by almost 40 percent In
2013, the highest of any sector in the S&P 500.
“Broadening health insurance coverage to include more than 50
million Americans is a worthy goal—as is any attempt to get a
handle on cost inflation in health care expenses on the United
States. But we believe that the idea that these goals are best
pursued through market-mimicking and means-tested social
programs is profoundly misguided. Fragmented risk pools will
not promote either perceptions of fairness or us-us politics in the
provision of health insurance. And patient choice and
competition among insurers has no demonstrated record of cost
control in medical care either in the United States or elsewhere
in the developed world.”
—Marmor, TR, Mashaw, JL, Pakutka, J. Social Insurance: American’s Neglected
Heritage and Contested Future. Sage Publications Inc, 2014
LIKELY UNINSURED IN 2019
Original projection
31 million
Medicaid coverage gap
4.8 million
Estimated opt-out from individual mandate
2-10? Million
Likely totals uninsured
37-45 million
Uninsured before ACA
48 million
THE ACA VS. SINGLE-PAYER
NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE
ACA
NHI
37-45 million uninsured in 2019
Universal coverage when
enacted
Employment and Medicaid based,
with subsidies for many millions
Covers all ages regardless of
work status, gender, etc.
Variable coverage and benefits
Comprehensive benefits
Multi-tiered system, based on
ability to pay
Single standard for all, based
medical need
Limited choice of doctor and
hospital
Free choice of doctor and
hospital
THE ACA VS. SINGLE-PAYER
NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE (continued)
ACA
NHI
Fragmented, inefficient risk pools
One big, efficient risk pool
Large intrusive bureaucracy
Administrative simplicity
For-profit business ethic
Service ethic
No cost containment
Cost containment through
negotiated fees, budgets and prices
Unsustainable
Sustainable through progressive
taxes; employers and individuals
pay less than they do now
All things are possible until they are proved
impossible—and even the impossible may be
only so, as of now.
—Pearl S. Buck