Transcript proposition de projet - Handicap International

LOGICAL FRAMEWORK
APPROACH
Gilles Ceralli
RT Méthodologie
19/06/2007
PROGRAMME OF THE SESSION





1. Presentation of the logical framework
approach
2. Case study: correction of a « bad »
logframe
3. Checklist of the most frequently made
mistakes
4. Logframe and writing of proposal
5. Logframe, monitoring and reporting
1.THE LOGFRAME
APPROACH
LOGFRAME AND PROJECT
CYCLE MANAGEMENT
PROJECT CYCLE
1. Programme Strategic
Framework
2. Identification & Development of the
project
Logframe
3. Drawing up applications for
funding
Logframe
11. Production of a
document for
capitalising on
experience
10. Evaluation of
operations
Logframe
4. Fund Raising
5. Recruitment of project staff
9. Info to be
communicated to
the general public
and donors
6. Effective launch of the project
Logframe
8. Reporting
Logframe
7. Implementation and monitoring of operations
Logframe
What is a logical framework ?
The Logical Framework Matrix provides a summary of :
•
•
•
•
•
Why a project is carried out
What the project is expected to achieve
How the project is going to achieve it
Which external factors are crucial for its success
Where to find the information required to assess the success of
the project
• Which means are required
• How much the project will cost
The Logical Framework Matrix
Organisations using the logframe
•
AUSAID, Australia
•
DANIDA, Denmark
•
DFID, Great-Britain
•
DGCD, Belgium
•
DGCS - Min. of For. Aff., Italy
•
European Commission
•
FAO
•
FINNIDA - Min. of For. Aff.,
Finland
• UNDP
•
GTZ, Germany
• UNIDO, Vienna
•
HELLASCO, Greece
•
USAID, USA
•
ICAX - Min. of Industry, Spain
•
WWF
• Intercooperation, Switzerland
• Int. Federation of Red Cross
• Ministry of Foreign Affairs, France
•
Ministry of For. Aff, Luxembourg
•
NORAD, Norway
• SIDA, Sweden
Advantages of the logical framework

Problems are analysed systematically
 The objectives are clearly formulated,
logical and measurable
 The risks and conditions for success of a
project are taken into account
 There is an objective basis for monitoring
and evaluation
Your project proposal will be coherent
The logical framework approach
Analysis phase
Planning phase
1.
Analysis of the context
1. Logframe
2.
Problem analysis
2. Activity planning
3.
Analysis of objectives
3. Resources planning
4.
Analysis of the strategy
Problem analysis
1.
Identify the major problem faced by
the beneficiaries
2.
Identify the stakeholders affected in
the proposed project
3.
Develop a problem tree
Problem analysis
Problem tree
EFFECTS
Most of the children with disability are not
enrolled in primary education schools
Most of the CwD are not oriented
towards school.
Schools do not
know the
existence of
most of CwD
Parents are
reluctant to enrol
their CwD at
school.
Most of the ordinary primary schools do not have the
capacity and means to integrate CwD.
Most of the
teachers do not
have the capacity
to work with CwD
Buildings
are not
accessible
to CwD
The
educational
material is
not adapted
to teaching
some CwD
CAUSES
Analysis of objectives
Transforming Problems into Objectives
Most of the CwD are not enrolled in
primary education schools
Most of the CwD are enrolled in
primary education schools
Most of the CwD are not
oriented towards school.
Most of the ordinary primary
schools do not have the
capacity to integrate CwD.
Most of the CwD are
oriented towards school.
Most of the OPS have
the capacity to
integrate CwD.
Schools do not know
the existence of most of
CwD.
Most of the teachers do not
have capacity to work with
CwD.
Schools know the
existence of most of
CwD.
Most of the teachers
have the capacity to
work with CwD.
Parents are reluctant to
enrol their CwD at
school.
Buildings are not accessible
to CwD.
Parents encourage their
CwD to enrol school.
Buildings are
accessible to CwD.
The educational material is
not adapted to teaching
some CwD.
The educational
material is adapted to
teaching all CwD.
Analysis of objectives
Objectives’ tree
ENDS
Most of the CwD are enrolled in
primary education schools
Most of the CwD are oriented towards
school.
Schools know the
existence of most
of CwD.
Parents encourage
their CwD to enrol
school.
Most of the OPS have the capacity to
integrate CwD.
Most of the teachers
have the capacity to
work with CwD.
Buildings are
accessible to
CwD.
The
educational
material is
adapted to
teaching all
CwD.
MEANS
Analysis of strategy
Most of the CwD are enrolled in
primary education schools
Most of the CwD are
oriented towards school.
OVERALL
OBJECTIVE
Most of the OPS have the
capacity to integrate CwD.
SPECIFIC
OBJECTIVE
(Project purpose)
Schools know the
existence of most
of CwD.
Parents encourage
their CwD to enrol
school.
Most of the
teachers have
the capacity to
work with CwD.
Buildings
are
accessible
to CwD.
The
educational
material is
adapted
CHOSEN STRATEGY
EXPECTED
RESULTS
(Outcomes)
The logframe
The logframe
Levels of objectives
Overall
Objective(s)
Project
Purpose
Expected
Results
Activities
The broader impact(s) to which your
project will contribute to, but will not
enable to reach entirely
The outcome of your project,
what should be achieved at the
end of the project.
Specific outputs which will
contribute to the realization of
your project purpose
Concrete activities that will be
undertaken during the project
Risk & Assumptions
Intervention
Logic
Risks &
Assumptions
Overall
Objectives
Project
Purpose
Results
Activities
Pre-conditions must be achieved before
the start of the activities
+
Assumptions may be :
+
+
Pre-conditions

External factors that are important for
the success of the project

synergetic activities made by other actors
The log-frame
Intervention logic of project + Assumptions
IN
OUT
Overall
objective
Project
Purpose
Results
Activities
+
+
Assumptions
Assumptions
+
If the activities are carried out,
and if assumptions are valid, then ...
Assumptions
Pre-conditions
The logframe
Indicators versus criteria
Indicators must be « SMART »:
Specific = The indicator must specifically concern the objective
or the result to which it relates.
 Measurable = The indicator must be tangible enough to be
measured and assessed.
 Available = Is the indicator available at an affordable price and
from a technical / administrative point of view ?
 Realist = Is the indicator realist enough to be achieved after
the project implementation ? Or
(pcm
handbook EU )
 Time-bound = The indicator has to reached within a definite
timeframe.

Indicators
Do not make the confusion between « criteria »
and « indicators » !
Examples of good indicators:
Objective :

People have access to clean water
Quality : People have access to water that does not transmit diseases

Quantity : More than 80% of people in the region will have access to
water that does not transmit diseases

Delay : Within 2 years, more than 80% of people in the region will have
access to water that does not transmit diseases
Selection of sources of
verification
Cost
Specialised
surveys
Interviews of
beneficiaries
Adapted
monitoring
statistics
Monitoring
data
Administrative
/ financial
report
Management
report
Complexity
Activity-planning
Logical framework
Activities
Means
Costs
Plan of action
Year
Month
Activity 1
Activity 2
Activity 3
Activity 4
By whom?
Year 1
1
2
3
4
5
6 etc.
Resource-planning
Plan of action
Year
Month
By whom?
Year 1
1
2
3
4
5
6 etc.
Activity 1
Activity 2
Activity 3
Means/Budget
Activity 4
Means:
Human
resources
Material/
Equipment
Travel etc.
Budget
2.CASE STUDY
Correction of a « bad » logframe
LOGICAL
FRAMEWORK
2004 - XXX
OVERALL
OBJECTIVES
PROJECT PURPOSE
INTERVENTION
LOGIC
- An increasing number of
handicapped people are
living independently and are
well integrated in their
communities
- Orthopaedics devices for
disabled people are
provided in Yaoundé.
Improvement of the physical
rehabilitation of disabled
people in the Yaoundé
region (Cameroon) .
OBJECTIVELY VERIFIABLE
INDICATORS OF
ACHIEVEMENT
The majority of handicapped people
experience improved living conditions
National survey
Number of devices produced
Number of physiotherapy treatment
provided
Large access to the Rehabilitation
Centre
Statistics,
patient
database,
activity
reports from the
PRC;
evaluation
report
To provide physiotherapy
service to disabled people of
Yaoundé.
EXPECTED RESULTS
1.1. Training of the
technicians in the production
of different type of
orthopaedic appliances.
2.1. Training of the physios
in various type of treatment
SOURCES
AND
MEANS OF
VERIFICATION
-
training of the technicians
diversity of the appliances produced
training of the technicians
improvement in the quality of the
treatments provided
Statistics,
patient database
Curriculum of
the training
Production
sheets
Statistics
patient
monitoring sheet
National
patient survey
ASSUMPTIONS
The training curriculum
developed is appropriate to the
needs of the country.
Trainers are available
3. The team of technicians
and physios act in concert.
Care is systematically prescribed by
a multidisciplinary team.
Good collaboration between
technicians and physios.
-
Patient's file
4. To improve the
accessibility of PRC care
to the poorest patients.
- A pricing system is in force;
- The beneficiary's contribution is
proportional to their income;
- At least 25% of patients come from the
most underprivileged social classes.
Statistics on
visits to PRCs
Tariffs
a) Personnel training
Selection of technicians
10 orthopaedic workshops
10 physio workshop
b) production of
orthopaedic appliances
production of 55 major orthopaedic
appliances on average (tibial and femoral
prostheses, long and short ortheses) and
providing 1000 physio sessions per
month.
Project report
c) Setting up a system of
tariffs
administrator
Project report
d) work to increase
awareness of
multidisciplinarity and
introduction of suitable
procedures
Awareness activities
Project report
e) Co-ordination and
monitoring of the project
and relations with partners
and local authorities.
Programme director and administrator
Project report
Project report
ACTIVITIES
Availability of trainers
Availability of all material
Involvement of partners
The partner regularly pays the
salaries of the technicians and
physios.
The poorest patients have the
(material and financial)
resources to travel to the
centre
Prior conditions :
LOGICAL
FRAMEWORK
2004 - XXX
INTERVENTION
LOGIC
OBJECTIVELY VERIFIABLE
INDICATORS OF
ACHIEVEMENT
Not SMART
OVERALL
OBJECTIVES
PROJECT PURPOSE
EXPECTED RESULTS
- An increasing number of
handicapped people are
living independently and are
well integrated in their
communities
- Orthopaedics devices for
disabled people are provided
in Yaoundé.
SOURCES
AND MEANS
OF
VERIFICATION
The majority of handicapped people
experience improved living conditions
National survey
Too expensive and
not listed in the
activities
Improvement of the physical
rehabilitation of disabled
people in the Yaoundé region
(Cameroon) .
Only one purpose !
To provide physiotherapy
service to disabled people of
Yaoundé.
Number of devices produced
Number of physiotherapy treatment
provided
Large access to the Rehabilitation
Centre Sounds like an objective
Statistics,
patient
database,
activity
reports from the
PRC;
evaluation
report
1.1. Training of the
technicians in the production
of different type of
orthopaedic appliances.
Formulated as an activity
training of the technicians not IOV but
activity
diversity of the appliances produced
Statistics,
patient database
Curriculum of
the training
Production
sheets
2.1. Training of the physios in
various type of treatment
training of the technicians
improvement in the quality of the
treatments provided
Statistics
patient
monitoring sheet
National
patient survey Too
expensive and not
listed in the
activities
ASSUMPTIONS
The training curriculum
developed is appropriate to the
needs of the country.
Trainers are available
ACTIVITIES
3. The team of technicians
and physios act in concert.
Care is systematically prescribed by a
multidisciplinary team.
Good collaboration between
technicians and physios.
-
4. To improve the
accessibility of PRC care to
the poorest patients.
- A pricing system is in force;
- The beneficiary's contribution is
proportional to their income;
- At least 25% of patients come from the
most underprivileged social classes.
Statistics on
visits to PRCs
Tarifs
a) Personnel training
Selection of technicians
10 orthopaedic workshops
10 physio workshop
b) production of orthopaedic
appliances
production of 55 major orthopaedic
appliances on average (tibial and femoral
prostheses, long and short ortheses) and
providing 1000 physio sessions per month.
Project report
c) Setting up a system of
tariffs
administrator
Project report
d) work to increase
awareness of
multidisciplinarity and
introduction of suitable
procedures
Awareness activities
Project report
e) Co-ordination and
monitoring of the project and
relations with partners and
local authorities.
Programme director and administrator
Project report
Not linked to outcomes
Patient's file
Project report
Inputs
Availability of trainers
Availability of all material
Involvement of partners
The partner regularly pays the
salaries of the technicians and
physios.
The poorest patients have the
(material and financial)
resources to travel to the centre
Costs
Prior conditions :
Missing
3.CHECKLIST
Top 23 of the most
commonly made mistakes
Top 23 of most frequent mistakes
Intervention logic:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Have only one specific objective.
Have a coherence in the hierarchy between
objectives and results.
Do not make any confusion between objectives,
means and activities.
Formulate objectives and results as they were
already achieved.
Limit yourselves to 6/7 results maximum.
List activities per result or according to transversal
issue.
Top 23 of most frequent mistakes
Indicators:
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Define “SMART indicators” (no activity, no vague
indicator like criteria).
Do not repeat indicators of results as indicators of
objectives.
Do not transpose the activities as indicators of the
results.
Identify indicators at the level of the overall
objectives. The actors and funding bodies are
more and more attached to measure the effects
and the impact produced by the project
Define a reasonable number of indicators so as to
be able to really follow them.
Top 23 of most frequent mistakes
Sources of verification:
12. Do not define sources of verification that are too
expensive or impossible to get.
In any case, if an expensive source of verification is
mentioned, be sure to integrate it in the activities
and within the budget
13. Do not provide sources coming only from HI
14. Do not mention too general sources (ex: statistics”)
without providing the origin (ex: …from ministry of
X)
Top 23 of most frequent mistakes
Assumptions and risks:
15. Be careful with the listing of assumptions
(considering the obligation of result of some
donors!)
16. Do not define assumptions endogenous to the
activities you should implement
17. Assumptions of results must be different from
assumptions of objectives.
18. Do not forget pre-conditions.
19. Do not confuse assumptions and pre-conditions.
36
Top 23 of most frequent mistakes
Activities:
20. Next to activities, mention the means (HR and
material) and the costs.
21. Costs must be shown by family of activities and
not for each activity.
22. Do not add activities which do not fit with the
listed expected results
23. Do not express activities using vague verbs as
“support”, “help”, etc
4.LOGFRAME AND WRITING OF
PROJECT PROPOSALS
Common structure of
a narrative proposal
Executive summary
Presentation of the organisation
Project background
Problem statement
Partners and Beneficiaries
Proposed solution (objectives,
actions, resources)
7. Monitoring and evaluation
8. Budget
9. Sustainability
10. Annexes
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Link between logframe and
narrative proposal

It is highly recommended to start with the
logframe
– > so as everybody agree on the content of the
project before any writing exercise

The narrative proposal enables to explain the
links and coherence between the
implemented activities, the expected results
and the objectives.

The narrative proposal enables to further
explain the activities listed in the logframe.
Logframe and
writing of project proposals
The writing of a project is not the
moment of its definition and conception!
 A proposal is a crucial document:
donors will decide whether or not to
finance your project based on what you
have written.
 Necessity to well know the criteria of the
donor.

Interlocking logframes
Why slicing a project proposal?

Even if it is usually more convenient to present your
whole programme to a donor, such a funding strategy
is less and less productive nowadays:
– a too huge budget may frighten the donor;
– a too large and general proposal will not be adjusted to the
donor priorities.

So there is an increased interest in delimiting project
proposal, because of:
– the rules of co-financing and the rules as regard the variation
in the funding plan
– the increased competition and the necessity to present
project that perfectly stick to donors ’ priorities
– visibility requirements imposed by any donor that finance
your project, and that are not always consistent with your
real activities
How to slice a project ?

On a geographical basis: restrict the project
proposal to one site of activities

As regards the duration of the project:
present only one period of a pluri-annual
project

At the level of expected results and
implemented activities: method of
interlocking logframes
Level of intervention : from
project to component
Programme
Overall
Objectives
Project
Project
Purpose
Overall
Objectives
Results
Project
Purpose
Overall
Objectives
Activities
Results
Project
Purpose
Activities
Results
Component
Activities
Example of interlocking logframe
Programme
Project
Component
OO : Most of the CwD are
enrolled in primary
education schools
PP.Most of the OPS
have the capacity to
integrate CwD.
ER1. Most of the
teachers have the
capacity to work
with CwD.
OO.Most of the OPS
have the capacity
to integrate CwD.
PP. Most of the
OO. Most of the
teachers have the
teachers have the
capacity to work with
capacity to work with
CwD.
CwD.
Activities ER1.
ER 1. Teachers are
PP. Teachers are
1. training sessions for
deafness
trained to work with
trained to work with
deaf children
deaf children
ER.2. etc
2. training sessions for
blindness
Activities ER1.
1. Training sessions on SL
ER 1. Teachers are
2. Training sessions on
trained on Sign language
psychology for deaf child
Activities ER1.
1. Sign language course
2. Pedagogy of SL teaching
5. Logframe, monitoring
and reporting
REPORTING ON
LOGICAL FRAMEWORK
2004 - XXX
INTERVENTION
LOGIC
OVI
- 500 devices
are produced
- 2 000
physiotherapy
The physical
treatment
rehabilitation of
PROJECT PURPOS E OR
disabled people in the provided
EXPECTED RES ULTS
- 3. Larger
Yaoundé region is
access to the
improved .
Rehabilitation
Centre for rural
PwDs (30%
improvement)
S TATEMENT
- 700 devices
produced
COMMENTS
None
- 1200 treatement - comment
provided
compulsory :
IOV not achieved
- 250 more PwDs
benefiting
treatement (urban
and rural)
- comment
compulsory : %
is not mentionned
and no specific
data on rural
PwDs