Transcript Find some land, build a house?

Date: 16-Jul-15
Tackling the challenge of
global warming
AS Global Challenges Unit 1
Date: 16-Jul-15
AS Global Challenges Unit 1
Tackling the challenge
Sustainable development strategies- we will look at a range of sustainable
strategies available to combat and cope with global warming.
These include sustainable development at all levels and green strategies
such as renewable energy.
Sustainable development = ?
Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the
ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
BBC Sustainability
P 80-84
Date: 16-Jul-15
AS Global Challenges Unit 1
Sustainable development strategies – Sustainability Quadrant
Technology
transfer to the
poor.
Conservation of
biodiversity.
Clean development
mechanisms e.g.
renewable energy.
Carbon capture and
storage
Community-based
schemes using
appropriate
technologies
Developing ecofriendly & green
strategies.
Working with
nature
Providing communitybased solutions.
Facilitating grass-roots,
locally developed
initiatives.
Providing pro-poor
solutions. Increasing
equality to help the
world’s poorest
people.
More efficient use of
resources. Ensuring
resources are
conserved for future
generations by not
overusing them in
the present.
P80 Philip
Allan
Extra climate
change related
aid to the world’s
poorest countries.
Climate-proofed, climate
friendly schemes.
Energy-efficiency
measures in transport,
industry, building design,
recycling and waste
management
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AS Global Challenges Unit 1
Green strategies
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AS Global Challenges Unit 1
Tree planting....a possible solution to global
warming?
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AS Global Challenges Unit 1
Carbon storehouses
Mature forests store enormous quantities of carbon, both in the trees and
vegetation itself and within the soil in the form of decaying plant matter.
Forests in areas such as the Congo and the Amazon represent some of the
world's largest carbon stores on land.
But when forests are logged or burnt, that carbon is released into the
atmosphere, increasing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse
gases and accelerating the rate of climate change. So much carbon is released
that they contribute up to one-fifth of global man-made emissions, more than
the world's entire transport sector.
Date: 16-Jul-15
AS Global Challenges Unit 1
Deforestation has such a massive effect on climate change that
Indonesia and Brazil are now the third and fourth largest
emitters of carbon dioxide on the planet.
This dubious honour comes not from industrial or transport
emissions, but from deforestation - up to 75 per cent of Brazil's
emissions come solely from deforestation - with the majority
coming from clearing and burning areas of the Amazon rainforest.
Date: 16-Jul-15
AS Global Challenges Unit 1
Scientists from the Carnegie Institution of Washington used a computer model to
determine the impact which forests in different parts of the planet would have on
temperature.
Their analysis indicates that three key factors are involved:
•forests can cool the planet by absorbing the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide during
photosynthesis
•they can also cool the planet by evaporating water to the atmosphere and
increasing cloudiness; a deck of white clouds reflects incoming solar radiation
straight back out into space
•trees can also have a warming effect because they are dark and absorb a lot of
sunlight, holding heat near ground level
Date: 16-Jul-15
AS Global Challenges Unit 1
Their study shows that tropical forests are very beneficial to the climate
because they take up carbon and increase cloudiness, which in turn helps
cool the planet.
The further you move from the equator, though, these gains are eroded; and
the team's modelling predicts that planting more trees in mid- and highlatitude locations could lead to a net warming of a few degrees by the year
2100 . This is because the darkening of the surface by new forest canopies
in the high-latitude boreal regions allows absorption of more sunlight that
helps to warm the surface.
Also in the first 10 years of a trees growing life a growing tree releases more
carbon dioxide than it absorbs!
P 66 Pearson and CD ROM
BBC In search of rainforests
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AS Global Challenges Unit 1
Synthetic trees
Developed by Dr. Klaus Lackner these synthetic trees could be used as CO2 scrubbers cleaning
our air. Using a chemical reaction to pull carbon dioxide from the air this technology could buy the
world time to development and implement alternative energy sources.
http://www.reuters.com/video/2011/04/25/synthetic-trees-capturecarbon?videoId=205618634
http://knowledge.allianz.com/climate/science/?1580/carbon-capture-artificial-treessuck-co2-from-air
Date: 16-Jul-15
AS Global Challenges Unit 1
Innovation in technology - Cars
• A natural gas vehicle or NGV is an alternative fuel vehicle that
uses compressed natural gas or liquefied natural gas as a clean
alternative to other fossil fuels.
• Worldwide, there were 14.8 million natural gas vehicles by 2011, led
by Iran with 2.86 million, Pakistan (2.85 million), Argentina (2.07
million), Brazil (1.70 million), and India (1.10 million).
• The Asia-Pacific region leads the world with 6.8 million NGVs,
followed by Latin America with 4.2 million vehicles.[
• As of 2009, the U.S. had a fleet of 114,270 compressed natural gas
(CNG) vehicles, mostly buses.
• They release less carbon dioxide than both petrol and diesel cars, as
the graph on the next slide shows.
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AS Global Challenges Unit 1
Honda
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AS Global Challenges Unit 1
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AS Global Challenges Unit 1
Hybrid cars
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AS Global Challenges Unit 1
Reducing our carbon footprint
Who….industrialists, the automobile
industry, homes, families, individuals,
us?
How? Your ideas?
P 84 Philip Allan
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AS Global Challenges Unit 1
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AS Global Challenges Unit 1
Incandescent bulbs replaced
with energy saving bulbs
p 68 Pearson
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AS Global Challenges Unit 1
Moving away from dependence
on fossil fuels….
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Large scale monumental
projects…..like the Three
Gorges Dam
AS Global Challenges Unit 1
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Three Gorges Dam
AS Global Challenges Unit 1
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AS Global Challenges Unit 1
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AS Global Challenges Unit 1
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AS Global Challenges Unit 1
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AS Global Challenges Unit 1
It is the world’s largest HEP dam and very controversial.
Advantages of the dam (economic, social and environmental)
•HEP needed for China's growing industry and for domestic use too (China uses 40%
world power)
•It will provide for 2% of China's 1.3 billion peoples’ energy needs and so helps reduce
the Chinese carbon emissions
•Tourism increased on lake
•Improved shipping as larger cargo boats (up to 10,000 tonnes) can travel upstream to
Chongqing
•New settlements have better services eg water, sewage etc
However, the dam also has disadvantages (economic, social and environmental)
•1.3 million people relocated often without adequate compensation
•4 cities, 8 towns and 356 villages submerged
•Temples and sacred places flooded
•Factories submerged releasing toxic waste into water
•Silt builds up behind dam so does not fertilise fields downstream
•Risk of earthquakes cracking dam and causing flooding
•27 billion pounds to build it
•Loss of species like the Yangtze river dolphin
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AS Global Challenges Unit 1
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/8311223.stm
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AS Global Challenges Unit 1
P 85 Philip Allan
Have a look why it is so important for China (and India) to make
changes!
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AS Global Challenges Unit 1
Renewable energy generation
Date: 16-Jul-15
Reading Wind Turbine in the
UK
The 85 metre tower and 2MW
turbine will be able to generate
enough power for 1,000 homes roughly 2% of Wokingham itself the company says.
BBC News Windpower
AS Global Challenges Unit 1
Date: 16-Jul-15
AS Global Challenges Unit 1
Wind Power in Greece
Wind Energy Capacity (MW)
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
39 112
189
272
297 383
473
573 746
871 985 1,087 1,208
Wind power in Greece was due to expand by 352% by 2010 to meet the European
target of 20% coverage of energy needs from renewable sources. Previously, there
were 1,028 wind turbines installed throughout Greece and the number was set to
reach 2,587 wind turbines before the end of 2010
Date: 16-Jul-15
AS Global Challenges Unit 1
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AS Global Challenges Unit 1
Date: 16-Jul-15
AS Global Challenges Unit 1
1 Kw
Micro Hydro can produce up to 100 Kw
A kilowatt is approximately equivalent to
1.34 horsepower. An electric heater with one heating
element might use 1 kilowatt. 40 w light bulb (1000
watts in a Kilowatt).
3 Kw
Date: 16-Jul-15
AS Global Challenges Unit 1
What are biofuels?
Biofuels are any kind of fuel made from living things, or from the waste they produce.
This is a very long and diverse list, including:
•wood, wood chippings and straw
•pellets or liquids made from wood
•biogas (methane) from animals' excrement
•ethanol, diesel or other liquid fuels made from processing plant material or waste oil
In recent years, the term "biofuel" has come to mean the last category - ethanol and diesel, made from crops
including corn, sugarcane and rapeseed.
Burning the fuels releases carbon dioxide; but growing the plants absorbs a comparable amount of the gas from the
atmosphere. However energy is used in farming and processing the crops and this can make biofuel as polluting as
petroleum-based fuels.
Brazil leads the world in production and use, making about 16 billion litres per year of ethanol from its sugarcane
industry. Sixty percent of new cars can run on a fuel mix which includes 85% ethanol.
A recent UK government publication declared that biofuels reduced emissions "by 50-60% compared to fossil fuels".
What are the downsides?
From the environmental point of the view, the big issue is biodiversity.
With much of the western world's farmland already consisting of identical fields of monocultured crops, the fear is
that a major adoption of biofuels will reduce habitat for animals and wild plants still further.
Asian countries may be tempted to replace rainforest with more palm oil plantations, critics say.
Date: 16-Jul-15
AS Global Challenges Unit 1
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Renewable energy powerpoint presentations
Microhydro
Wind
Biomass/Biofuel
Geothermal
Solar
Tidal, wave
You should include a place where it is being used,
why each will help manage climate change and what
are the costs and benefits of each!
See P 82 Philip Allan
AS Global Challenges Unit 1
Date: 16-Jul-15
AS Global Challenges Unit 1
Community based green
strategies
http://www.energysavingtrust.org.uk/Take-action/Community-projects
P82-83 Philip Allan
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AS Global Challenges Unit 1
Further thought….
Criticisms of climate – friendly technologies p 69 Pearson
Cost of climate - friendly technologies p 69 Pearson
Role of market forces P 70 Pearson
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AS Global Challenges Unit 1
Exam practice
p 71 Pearson Q1