Transcript Slide 1

European Strategy
on
Alternative Fuels
- Clean Power for Transport Initiative Franz Söldner
Transport
Alternative Fuels for Europe
The issue – why substitute oil?
The alternatives – which solution?
Support actions - what has been done?
The Clean Power for Transport initiative
- a European alternative fuels strategy
Transport
Energy Consumption in Transport
Mtoe
Oil Products
Road
Rail
287
3
Electricity
Domestic Domestic International
Navigation Aviation
Aviation
6
8
43
4
TOTAL
347
4
Biofuels
13
13
Natural Gas
1
1
LPG
5
5
TOTAL Fuels
306
7
6
Slide 3
Transport
8
43
370
Oil price
($/bl)
Speculative bubble 2007-2008: Cost for EU transport = 90 b€
North-Africa unrest 2010-2011: Cost for EU transport = 40 b€
Transport
Issue with Oil
Economics - cost
Cost for oil up to € 1 billion per day for the EU in 2011
Trade balance deficit in oil: ~ 2.5 % of GDP
Energy - security of supply
Oil counts for 94% of transport fuels, 84% imported
Access to oil vulnerable and prone to interruptions
Environment – climate change, pollution
Greenhouse gas emissions from use of fossil energy
Air pollution from combustion of oil in transport
Transport
Alternative Fuels
Propulsion with internal combustion engines
Biofuels
Wide feedstock range with renewable low-CO2 sources
Synthetic fuels
Production from fossil and renewable sources with synthetic technologies
Natural gas
Fossil (natural gas) and renewable sources (biomethane; "solar/ wind" gas)
LPG
Fossil (oil, natural gas) and renewable sources (bio-refineries)
Propulsion with electric motors
Electricity
Stored in batteries on board of vehicles; grid supply or recuperation
Hydrogen
Stored in tanks on board of vehicles; electricity production in fuel cells
Slide 6
 Both are universal energy carriers using all primary energy sources
Transport
Alternative Fuels - Renewable Energy
Electricity
Storage of electricity from fluctuating production from renewables
(solar; wind) in batteries of electric vehicles
Electric grid stabilisation with feed-in from batteries
Hydrogen
Storage of fluctuating renewable electricity production in hydrogen
produced from water through electrolysis
Use of hydrogen in fuel cells for electromobility
Natural gas
Production from biomass: biomethane
Production from hydrogen through methanisation with CO2
Transport
EU Actions on Alternative Fuels
 Communication on alternative fuels (11/2001)
Biofuels, natural gas, hydrogen
 Directive on the market share of biofuels (5/2003)
Market share 2% in 2005, rising to 5.75% in 2010
 Directive on the taxation of energy products (10/2003)
Lower taxation of alternative fuels enabled
 Renewable Energy Directive (April 2009)
Binding target: 10% renewable transport fuels by 2020
 Technology Platforms, Joint Technology Initiatives
Hydrogen/fuel cells (TP: 2004; JTI: 2008), Transport (2004), Biofuels (2005)
 Green Cars Initiative of European Economic Recovery Plan (2008)
Focus on electromobility (EU demonstration project Green eMotion: 2011)
 Communication on clean and energy efficient vehicle strategy (4/2010)
Focus on improvement of internal combustion engine and electric vehicles
 White Paper on common transport policy (3/2011)
Slide 8
Announcing comprehensive long-term strategy on alternative fuels for all transport modes
Transport
EU-Support to Hydrogen and Fuel Cells
500
450
400
(M€) 350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
470
314
145
8
FP2
(19861990)
58
32
FP3
FP4
(1990- (19941994) 1998)
Transport
FP5
FP6
(1998- (20022002) 2006)
FP7
(20072013)
Slide 9
Financial Incentives for Electric Vehicles
Transport
Alternative Fuel Infrastructure
Slide 11
Transport
Alternative Fuel Market in Europe
Different national technology choices
➜ Isolated national/regional markets
➜ Fragmentation of the internal market for alternative fuels
➜ EU-wide mobility inhibited by technology borders
➜ Deadlock between missing infrastructure and vehicles
Transport
Steps to an Alternative Fuel Strategy
European Expert Group on Future Transport Fuels
Future Transport Fuels Report: 25 January 2011
Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Report: December 2011
Joint Expert Group Transport & Environment
European Alternative Fuel Strategy Report: May 2011
Conference on Future Transport Fuels
13 April 2011 (European Sustainable Energy Week)
Public Consultation
11 August – 20 October 2011
Studies, including stakeholder consultation
Clean Transport Systems study: final report November 2011
Implementation study: final report August 2012
Clean Power for Transport package
Commission adoption 23 January 2013
Slide 13
Transport
Energy Pathways
Primary Energy
Fossil
Crude Oil
Natural Gas
Uranium
Fuels
Use
Use
Thermal Engine
Diesel/
Gasoline/
Cerosine
Gas
Vehicle
ICE
Jet
Ship
ICE
Electric Motor
Synthetic
Fuels
Transport
Coal
Energy Carrier
Fuel Cell
Renewable
Wind
Hydrogen
Battery
Water
Power Plants
Geothermal
Electric Power
Electric Power
Heating
Biomass
Slide 14
Transport
Plastic / Chemistry
Production
non Transport
Solar
Land Efficiency of Biofuels
Slide 15
Transport
Land Efficiency of Biofuels
1 ha:
Slide 16
Transport
Clean Power for Transport Initiative
• Establish a consistent long-term EU alternative fuel strategy
• Build a sustainable and competitive transport system in the EU
• Strengthen the internal market for new technologies in the EU
• Ensure EU-wide infrastructure to close a major market gap
Transport
Clean Power for Transport Package
• European alternative fuels strategy
Communication
• Deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure
Directive
• Action Plan on LNG for shipping
Staff Working Document
Transport
Communication on a European
Alternative Fuel Strategy
• Comprehensive mix of alternative fuels to substitute oil as
energy source for all transport modes on the long-term:
•
•
•
•
•
LPG
Natural gas (LNG and CNG)
Electricity
Biofuels
Hydrogen
• Priority actions:
•
•
•
•
EU-wide infrastructure
Common technical standards
Consumer acceptance
Technological development
➜ Framework for investment and technology development
Transport
Alternative Fuels for all Transport
Road
Mode
Range
Natural
gas
Urban
Short
Medium
Long
Air
Short
Rail
Water
Medium
Long
Inland
LNG
LNG
LNG
Electricity
Biofuels
Hydrogen
Transport
Short sea Maritime
LNG
LNG
Directive on Infrastructure Build-up
• National policy frameworks required
• Electrical vehicle charging point targets per Member State
and shore-side electricity for ships in ports
• Hydrogen refuelling infrastructure in active Member States
• LNG refuelling points for ships in TEN-T Core ports and for
trucks along TENT-Core roads
• Natural gas refuelling points for EU-wide mobility
• Common standards for all alternative fuel infrastructure
• Consumer information on vehicle/fuel compatibility
Transport
Alternative Fuel Market Development
Sustainable
Market
Infrastructure
Common standards
EU-funded
Projects
Missing Link
Green Car Initiative
FCH Joint Undertaking
TEN-T projects
Market
incentives
Regulatory
measures
Subsidies
CO2; pollutants
Fuel quality; renewable energy
Green procurement
Fiscal incentives
EIB loans
Transport
Action Plan on LNG for Shipping
• Case for LNG as alternative fuel for shipping
• Economic aspects of LNG for shipping
• State of deployment and main obstacles
• Infrastructure issue
• Financial support
• Actions towards an EU framework for LNG for shipping
Transport
Case for LNG for Shipping
 Cleaner fuels needed for most ships in European waters:
Low sulphur (<0.1%) marine fuels required in sulphur
emission control areas (SECAs) from 2015
 LNG has low pollutant emissions: SOx ~0, PM ~0; NOx 10%
less than diesel: meets or exceeds future emission standards
 LNG has low CO2 emissions: 25% less than diesel
 LNG has low cost: ~ factor 2 cheaper than low-sulphur diesel;
prospect of increasing spread between LNG and diesel

Transport
Oil price
Cost
of Fuels
$/bl
Cost
Alternative fuels
Infrastructure costs
for full EU coverage
Electricity
20 million charging
posts
40 b€
Hydrogen
100.000 filling stations
50 b€
Speculative bubble 2007/8: Cost for EU transport: 90 b€
North-Africa unrest 2010/11: Cost for EU transport: 40 b€
Slide 25
Transport
Natural gas
100.000 filling stations
40 b€
Cost - Benefits
Cost
€ 10 billion total (€ 1.5 billion per year) for alternative fuel
infrastructure until 2020
Benefits
€ 4.2 billion per year saving on oil bill
€ 1 billion per year saving from dampening oil price hikes
€ 15.4 billion from environmental gains
(less CO2 emissions, pollutants, noise)
Additional employment from infrastructure build-up
Strengthening of competitiveness of European industry
Transport
Summary
 Oil dependence major issue for economy - but transport first
Oil supplies 94% of energy to transport; 84% imported
Cost for oil high and rising; price hikes hit economy
Oil is cause for high CO2 and pollutant emissions from transport
 Comprehensive long-term European fuel strategy
Substitution of oil for all transport modes
Fuel mix: LPG, biofuels, natural gas, electricity, hydrogen
European action required to ensure integrity of internal market
 Alternative fuel infrastructure
EU-wide coverage important for citizens and industry
Public intervention required through action on EU level
Slide 27
Transport