Transcript Παρουσιαση θεματων σε

Integration of Large-Scale
RES in Island Power
Systems
Prof. Nikos Hatziargyriou,
National Technical University of Athens
[email protected]
Outline






RES in Greek Islands
The Power System of Crete
Smart Grids for the Greek Islands
More Care Energy Management System
Microgrids
The Kythnos Experiment
Power Stations on Greek Non
Interconnected Islands
36 Thermal Stations
Total installed capacity
MW
1.780
Capacity of new thermal units
(2011 – 2015)
392
963 RES Stations
80 Wind Farms
883 PVs
330
265
70
Capacity of new RES stations
(2011 – 2015)
Wind Farms
PVs
Hybrid Stations
CSP Stations
415
175
130
70
40
RES Production per system in 2010
Heavy Diesel
480
470
Diesel
RES
12%
15,8 %
19%
69%
7,4 %
10,1 %
13,9 % 8,5 %
13,6 %
8,2%
11,4 % 4,6 %
3,4 %
9,8 % 7,9 %
13,5 %
0,9 %
Average Variable Cost per system (2010)
Very Small Islands
New Power Stations & and Large islands
AVC
SMP
Crete
Mykonos
Significant increase of RES installation in Greek islands
based on new technologies Power Stations
• Hybrid Power Stations with Wind Farms, pump-storage systems
and Hydroelectric Power Stations
Nominal capacity from 2 MW up to 75 MW
• Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) Stations with storage systems of
thermal energy from 4h up to 8h
Nominal capacity from 25 MW up to 70 MW
• Hybrid Power Stations with battery systems and Wind Farms or
Sterling Generator.
Total RES installed capacity and production
in Greek Non Interconnected Islands for 2003-2020
40 %
2015
(MW)
2018
(MW)
W/F
428
W/F
517
PV
190
PV
220
HPS
50
HPS
153
CSP
35
CSP
105
12,1%
28,2%
Power system of Crete
Crete – Operational Characteristics
Largest Island System in Greece with highest rate of energy and
demand increase. Three thermal power plants, installed cap. 800 MW.
No. of
Machines
Nominal
Power (MW)
Linoperamata


Steam
6
110
Diesel
4
48
Gas
5
120
Gas
6
198
CC
1+2
132
2
2
100
102

Chania
Atherinolakos
Steam
Diesel

Base-load mainly supplied
by steam and diesel units.
Combustion turbine units
normally supply daily peak
load at high running cost.
26 Wind farms of total
Capacity 166 MW. Most of
Wind Farms installed at the
eastern part of the island.
PVs 60 MW
EES-UETP “Planning, Designing and
Operating the Distribution
Network for Exploitation of DER”,
Cagliari, 27-30/9/04
EES-UETP “Planning, Designing and
Operating the Distribution
Network for Exploitation of DER”,
Cagliari, 27-30/9/04
EES-UETP “Planning, Designing and
Operating the Distribution
Network for Exploitation of DER”,
Cagliari, 27-30/9/04
Wind Park in Crete
Load and Wind Farm production
in Crete system during the year 2010
640MW
170MW
=3.7
Hours
22:00
23:00
0:00
10:00
11:00
12:00
13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00
17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
W/F output [MW]
Rokas W/F output (13 May 1998)
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Hours
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:00
11:00
12:00
13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00
17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
22:00
23:00
0:00
W/F output [MW]
Rokas W/F output ( 20 May 1998 )
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Development of Hybrid Power Stations with pumping systems
and CSP Power Stations in Crete up to 2018
HPS WF
(28.9/11.9 MW)
HPS 1.95MW
CSP 50MW
CSP 70MW
HPS 12MW
HPS 75 MW
CSP 60MW
HPS 5.1 MW
Hybrid 9MW
HPS 5MW
HPS 5.1MW
HPS 12MW
HPS 9MW
HPS WF
(39.95/9.35 MW)
CSP 25MW
HPS 15MW
HPS 1.95MW
CSP 38MW
POWER STATION TYPE (total capacity)
STATIONS
NOMINAL CAPACITY
Hybrid Power Station (151,1 MW)
11
2 – 75 MW
Concentrated Solar Power (243 MW)
5
25 – 70 MW
System Operation (27/6/2011)
(PV ~35MW)
Technical
minimum problem
High RES
penetration (>30%)
Expensive unit used
Increased WF penetration
PV production is estimated. RES penetration>50%
Wind Production the day of year’s load peak
(Aug.12.1999)
500
450
Load {MW]
400
350
300
Load [MW]
250
Wind Power Production [MW]
200
150
100
50
0
0:00 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 19:00 20:00 21:00 22:00 23:00
Time
Voltage and frequency
Operating frequency bandwidth:
49,9 - 50,1 Hz (Normal mode)
49,3 - 50,5 Hz (Contingency mode)
 Operating voltage bandwidth:
+ 3,5 %
 Typical power reserve margins:
10% (spinning)

Operational problems



Technical limits of thermal base-load plant during
valleys of load demand
Narrow tolerances of wind generators to voltage
and frequency deviations
Loss of wind generation following incidents of
system faults or system transients
Operational problems (continued)



Wind availability, and short-term wind variations
(gusts) – the latter resulting in substantial power
swings in wind generation outputs
Communication problems between the system Control
Center and the Wind farms
Miscellaneous, such as: wind-generator maintenance
and repairs, distribution line problems, etc
MORE CARE
Major functionalities of MORE CARE





Forecasting Modules
Unit Commitment/Economic Dispatch
RES/Storage Management
Optimal Power Flow
Security Monitoring/Assessment
The CARE System
Architecture
Flowchart
MMI of More Care System
MMI for Wind Forecast
Load & Wind Forecasting


Modern Systems Provide Advanced Capabilities
For Wind Power forecasting:


ICCS participates in innovative projects: Anemos.plus
and SafeWind
The information includes confidence intervals and
extreme events
Meteo
Forecast
Advanced
Modules
Unit Commitment /Economic Dispatch
The Unit Commitment problem becomes very complex:
 Market Rules and Existing Contracts
 RES Management
 Future Storage Management
 Ancillary Services according to market rules
 Technical Constraints and Reserve Management
Unit Commitment /Economic Dispatch

Advanced functionalities to provide advice to the
operators
Simple Messages to
the operator
Advanced
Modules
Security Monitoring/Assessment



Operation of islands becomes very complex
It is very demanding for the operator to consider
power flow constraints or dynamic response of
generators
Early Warning to the operators in case of security
concerns is necessary – AI techniques
Dynamic
Monitoring &
OPF
Simulation of 23 MW Gas Turbine Outage
Case 1. Load of 207.2 MW, Wind Power 69 MW, 33.3% penetration
Case 2. Load of 199 MW, Wind Power 55.73 MW, 28% penetration
Historical Data Management

Online History Access
Statistics and Reporting
Conclusions




Increased RES penetration complicates islands
operation
In Crete, the largest Greek island, RES annual
energy penetration reaches 20%, hourly
penetration might exceed 50%.
For secure and economical operation with increased
RES penetration advanced EMS are required
MORE CARE provides advanced forecasting,
scheduling and security warning functionalities.
Thank you!