Transcript งานนำเสนอ PowerPoint

Europe since World War II and the Way
to European Union
by
Satin Soonthornpan
Faculty of Political Science
Ramkhamhaeng University
Patterns of EU Enlargement
Horizontal Integration
Vertical Integration
Step towards
European Integration
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Free Trade Area (EFTA)
Customs Union (EEC; EC-Turkey)
Common Market (EC)
Monetary Union (Euro-Zone)
Political Union (EU)
Vertical Integration
 1952 European Coal and Steel Community
(ECSC)
 1957 by Treaty of Rome
-- European Economic Community(EEC)
-- Euratom
 1968 EC moved to Custom Union
 1970 European Political Cooperation (EPC)
Vertical Integration (2)
 1979 European Parliament (EP) -- Direct
Elections
 1979 European Monetary System (EMS)
 1992 Single European Market (SEM)
 1993 Masstricht Treaty – European Union
(EU)
The Pillar Structure
EU
1st
Pillar
2nd
Pillar
3rd
Pillar
EC
CFSP
JHA
(Common Foreign and Security Policy)
supranational
(Justice and Home Affairs)
intergovernmental
The European Union
The European
Communities
Common Foreign
and Security Policy
Cooperation in Justice
and Home Affairs
(EC)
(CFSP)
(JHA)
EC
 Customs union and
single market
 Agricultural policy
 Structural policy
 EMU, ECB, “Euro”
New or amended
provisions on:
•EU citizenship, Health
•Education and culture
•Trans-European networks
•Consumer protection
•Research and
environment
•Social policy
•Asylum policy
•External borders
•Immigration policy
Euratom
ECSC
Supranational
Foreign Policy
•Cooperation, common
positions and measures
•Peacekeeping
•Human rights
•Democracy
•Aid to non-member
countries
Security policy
•Drawing on the WEU:
questions concerning the
security of the EU
•Disarmament
•Financial aspects of
defence
•Long-term: Europe’s
security framework
•Cooperation between
judicial authorities in civil
and criminal law
•Police cooperation
•Combating racism and
xenophobia
•Fighting drugs and the
arms trade
•Fighting organised crime
•Fighting terrorism
•Criminal acts against
children, trafficking in
human beings
Intergovernmental
Vertical Integration (3)
 1999 Amsterdam Treaty
 2000 Nice Treaty
 2002 The euro
replaces twelve national
currencies (there are currently 15 countries
in Eurozone)
2005 – Big step for the EU
Treaty of Lisbon 2007
• A more democratic and transparent Europe
• Efficient and modern institutions
• A Europe of rights and values
• The Europe in the World
Internal Impact (1)
• Common Agriculture Policy (CAP)
• CFSP – strengthen the forces within the EU
• Democratisation of decision making at the
EU level and more transparency
Internal Impact (2)
• Intensification of existing connections,
more trade and cultural exchange
• The “old” member states will benefit as
well
Enlargement History (1)
• 1952: Treaty of Paris, establishing
the European Coal and Steel Community
(ECSC) enters into force (6 founding States:
BeNeLux, France, Germany, Italy)
• 1973: Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom
join the EC
• 1981 Greece joins the EC
Enlargement History (2)
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1986: Portugal and Spain join to the EC
1995: Finland, Sweden and Austria join to the EU
1999 Amsterdam Treaty
2000: European Council in Nice
- adoption of a revised Treaty on European
Union (the Nice Treaty - into force on 1
February 2003)
- decision to enlarge the EU in May 2004 from
15 to 25 Members
Accession Criteria for
the 5th Enlargement
In order to join the Union, the acceding countries need
to fulfill the economic and political conditions known
as the “Copenhagen criteria”, according to which a
prospective member must:
1. be a stable democracy, respecting human rights, the
rule of law, and the protection of minorities;
2. have a functioning market economy;
3. adopt the common rules, standards and policies that
make up the body of EU law.
After Copenhagen
• Madrid Conference
• “Agenda 2000”
-- Acquis Communataire
• The First Official Negotiation in London
• Accession Treaty
The 5th Enlargement
• 10 of these countries - Cyprus, the Czech
Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia,
Lithuania, Malta, Poland, the Slovak
Republic, and Slovenia joined on 1st May
2004.
The 5th Enlargement : Basic Facts
From EU-15 to EU-25 : an increase of
• 20 % in population
– 75 m. people, of which 39 m. in Poland
• 5 % in economic product
– about the same size as Netherlands
• 23 % in area
– 30 % in agricultural land
• 50 % in agricultural workforce
10 Member States
Population
million
Estonia
1.4
Latvia
2.4
Lithuania
3.5
Poland
38.2
Czech Republic 10.2
Slovakia
5.4
Hungary
10.2
Slovenia
2.0
Malta
0.4
Cyprus
0.8
Area
thousand km2
45
65
65
313
79
49
93
20
0.3
9
GDP per head
percent of EU-15
42
35
39
39
60
47
57
74
55
72
Dates of Application for EU membership
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Turkey
Cyprus
Malta
Hungary
Poland
Romania
Slovak Rep.
Latvia
Estonia
Lithuania
Bulgaria
Czech Rep.
Slovenia
14 April 1987
3 July 1990
16 July 1990
31 March 1994
5 April 1994
22 June 1995
27 June 1995
13 October 1995
24 November 1995
8 December 1995
14 December 1995
17 January 1996
10 June 1996
Successful Referenda
March 8th - Malta:
53.6% yes
March 23rd - Slovenia:
89.6% yes
April 12th - Hungary:
83.76% yes
May 10th, 11th - Lithuania:
91.4% yes
May 16th 17th - Slovakia:
92.46% yes
June 8th - Poland :
77.45% yes
June 13th, 14th - Czech Republic :
77.33% yes
September 14th - Estonia :
66.92 % yes
September 20th, Latvia :
67 % yes
Total YES votes :
25 1/2 million
2007 Enlargement
• Bulgaria and Romania in 2007,bringing the
EU's total population to nearly 500 million.
• Croatia and Macedonia expected to join
around 2010-2012
• Turkey is currently negotiating its
membership.
• What’s next?
Problems:
No sufficient legal security
 No timely and correct implementation
of laws
Widespread corruption (“bad
governance”)
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