Transcript Training

San Diego (SAN) Runway Status Lights (RWSL)
Pilot Training for Continued Operational Evaluation
of Runway Status Lights (RWSL) at SAN
Jason Coon and Peter Hwoschinsky, FAA
Maria Picardi Kuffner, MIT/LL
This work is sponsored by the Federal Aviation Administration under Air Force Contract #FA8721-05-C-0002.
Opinions, interpretations, recommendations and conclusions are those of the author and are not necessarily
endorsed by the United States Government.
RWSL OpEval PilotTraining, page 1
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MIT Lincoln Laboratory
Outline
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Runway Incursion Problem
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Runway Status Lights (RWSL) Solution
•
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RWSL Operational Concept
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RWSL Operational Requirements
–
RWSL Operational Evaluation at SAN
Summary
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Definition of Runway Incursion
“Any occurrence at an aerodrome
involving the incorrect presence of an
aircraft, vehicle or person on the protected
area of a surface designated for the
landing and take-off of aircraft.”
– Source: FAA Runway Safety Office
Pilot deviations are the largest cause of runway incursions
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Overview of RWSL
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Runway Status Lights Purpose
– Reduce frequency and severity of runway incursions
– Prevent runway accidents
•
How do lights do this? By increasing pilots’ and
vehicle operators’ situational awareness
– Direct indication via runway entrance lights (RELs) that
a runway is unsafe to enter or cross
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RWSL Operational Concept
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REL Operational Requirements
Runway Guard Lights (yellow)
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RELs must not interfere with
normal safe operations
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RELs must operate
automatically for each landing
and departure
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RELs must accurately depict
runway is unsafe to
enter/cross
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Red if runway not safe
–
Otherwise off (no
illumination)
Runway Entrance Lights (red)
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RWSL System Architecture
LAX
Airport Surface
Surveillance
Field
Lighting
System
Primary Radar
Prediction
Engine
Fusion
Transponder
Multilateration
State
Machine
Light Activation
Logic
DFW
ASR-9
Terminal Area
Surveillance
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ATC
Displays
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Operational Evaluation at SAN
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RELs installed on RWY 09/27
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North side: TXYs C1, C2, C6
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South side: TXYs B1, B6, B10
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Configuration of Runway Entrance Lights
(RELs )
RELs are red when it is unsafe to enter the runway
Red RELs always aligned with taxiway centerlines and directed toward taxiway hold line
–
–
Including one REL placed on runway centerline
SAN taxiway centerlines are both straight and curved
Runway Entrance Lights Concept
LAX
RELS
New RELs
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Existing RGLs
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REL Logic
• RELs turn ON when high-speed traffic exists or is predicted to be
on the runway
– Departures turn on all RELs downfield during takeoff roll at or above a
site adaptable speed parameter
– Arrivals turn on all RELs on the projected runway at a site adjustable
distance parameter from the threshold (usually 3/4 nmi)
• All RELs turn OFF when:
– Departures are declared airborne by RWSL logic (usually 100’)
– Arrivals have landed and slowed to taxi speed (usually below 35 kts)
• RELs at specific intersections:
– Individual RELs turn off just prior to the intersection being cleared to
reduce interference with ATC use of anticipated separation
– Individual RELs may be on at intersections just ahead of aircraft in
landing roll-out
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Protocol for Pilots Viewing Red RELs
• When RELs illuminate red, the runway is unsafe to enter or
cross and the pilots should stop immediately
• When the lights are off, pilots/vehicle operators may not
enter or cross the runway without ATC clearance
– In some instances (anticipated separation), RELs may be
illuminated while the clearance is being given, but should be
turned off by the time the controller has finished issuing the
clearance
RELs indicate runway status only; they do not indicate clearance!
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Proposed Phraseology
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Flight crew members and air traffic controllers should follow these
procedures with installed RELs:
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When cleared to either “cross the runway”, “position and hold”, or
“immediate takeoff”, and RELs are illuminated; stop the aircraft and
indicate to Air Traffic “Transair 123 stopped with red lights” and then
wait for further clearance.
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When RELs illuminate normally due to crossing, landing or departing
traffic without any proximate hazard, the flight crew should remain
clear of the runway or stopped short of the runway and wait for
further clearance.
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When controllers issue clearances that result in aircraft stopping due
to red lights at runway/taxiway intersections, Air Traffic should
reevaluate the traffic and issue further clearances accordingly.
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When no clearance was given or the clearance was to “hold short of
the runway” but the aircraft continued across the hold line and flight
crews observed illuminated red lights, the flight crew should tell Air
Traffic that “Transair 123 is stopped with red lights.”
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RWSL Development Phases
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Phase 1: Engineering Development (Completed Dec 05)
– Recorded surveillance data
– Laboratory (controlled) environment
– Engineering assessment
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Phase 2: Shadow Operations (Completed May 06)
– Live surveillance data
– Simulated RWSL operation on display in tower
– Controller evaluation
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Phase 3: Extended Operational Evaluation (06-09)
– Live surveillance data
– RWSL system operating in real time
– User Group (controllers and pilots) evaluation
•
Current: Continued Operational Evaluation with new airport surveillance
(ASDE-X)
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Pilot information sources
• Media planned for training pilots
– Website available on-line
www.RWSL.net
– FAA Notices to Airmen (NOTAM)
– Jeppesen/LIDO Chart Inserts
– Posters/training cards distributed to pilots by airlines and
unions
– Powerpoint presentations and animations
• ATIS (example)
– “Runway status lights operational evaluation in progress”
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Summary
• RWSL Goal
– reduce frequency and severity of runway incursions
• RWSL Concept
– improve safety via increased pilots’ situational awareness
• RWSL Method
– provide automatic depiction that a runway is unsafe to enter
via status lights on airport for pilots
• RWSL Requirements
– controller acceptance: no impact on normal safe operations
– pilot acceptance: operational suitability of lights
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