Transcript Herbicide Control Treatments for Invasive Grasses, Ferns

Herbicide Control Treatments for
Invasive Grasses, Ferns, and
Forbs
Wilson H. Faircloth
Southern Regional Workshop
Terrestrial Plant Invasions in the Temperate South
June 4-5, 2003
Application Equipment for
Grasses, Ferns, and Forbs
Right-of-way sprayer
Application Equipment for
Grasses, Ferns, and Forbs
ATV-mounted boom sprayer
Application Equipment for
Grasses, Ferns, and Forbs
ATV-mounted boomless sprayer
Application Equipment for
Grasses, Ferns, and Forbs
Backpack and handheld sprayers
Before we get started….
 Application info:
 1% solution = 4
fluid ounces per 3
gallons of mix
 2% solution = 8
fluid ounces per 3
gallons of mix
 Glyphosate
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Roundup Pro®
Gly-Pro®
Gly-4®
Accord®
Glyfos®
Rodeo®
Honcho®
Grasses
Giant Reed
Tall Fescue
Cogongrass
Nepalese Browntop
Chinese Silvergrass
Bamboo
Arundo donax
Lolium arundinaceum
Imperata cylindrica
Microstegium vimineum
Miscanthus sinensis
Phyllostachys spp. and
Bambusa spp.
Giant Reed
Arundo donax
Giant Reed
Arundo donax
 Thoroughly wet all leaves with one of the following
herbicides in water with a surfactant
 glyphosate: 2% solution
 Arsenal AC® : 1% solution**
 tank-mix combination of the above
 Timing
 September - October
 multiple applications necessary if regrowth occurs
** Non-target plants may be killed or injured through root uptake.
Tall Fescue
Lolium arundinaceum
Tall Fescue
Lolium arundinaceum
 Non-cropland
 10-12 dry oz Plateau® per 20 gal (per acre)
 Plateau® + [Arsenal AC® or glyphosate]
 Graminicides**
• Sethoxydim (Vantage®, Poast®)
• Quizalofop (Assure®)
• Clethodim (Select®)
 Forested Land
 glyphosate: 5% solution
 Arsenal AC® : 1% solution
** May be useful on pastures, but more costly than Plateau® mixes.
Tall Fescue
Lolium arundinaceum
 Timing
 spring
 multiple applications necessary if regrowth occurs
 Burning:
 early spring
 prior to herbicide treatment
 encourages native warm-season grasses
Cogongrass
Imperata cylindrica
Cogongrass
Imperata cylindrica
Cogongrass
Imperata cylindr
Cogongrass
Imperata cylindric
Cogongrass
Potential Spread!!
Infested States
Eradication Programs
in Place
Management of I. Cylindrica
-What works-
 Multiple applications of glyphosate
1-5% solution (2-4 lb ai/A)
 Arsena AC®, Chopper® **
2% solution (0.125-0.25 lb ai/A)
 Tank-mix combination of above
 Tillage in combination with above
 Timing
Sept - Oct.
Fall treatment may suppress
flowering the following
spring.
Early spring treatment of
glyphosate suppresses seed
production.
 Seeding in competing vegetation:
 Bahiagrass
 Crimson Clover
 Intense Mowing????
** Non-target plants may be killed
or injured through root uptake.
Management of I. Cylindrica
-What DOES NOT work-
 Burning
 Grazing
 Graminicides
 Fluazifop (Fusilade®, Fulisade DX®, Fusion®)
 Sethoxydim (Poast®, Poast Plus®, Vantage®)
 Clethodim (Select®)
Management of I. Cylindrica
Container-Grown Ornamentals**
Trade Name
Active Ingredient(s)
Rout®
oxyfluorfen+oryzalin
OH-2®
oxyfluorfen+pendimethalin
Ronstar®
oxadiazon
Snapshot®
trifluralin+isoxaben
Corral®, Pendulum®
pendimethalin
Treflan®
trifluralin
RegalKade®, Barricade® prodiamine
Regal O-O®
oxyfluorfen+oxadiazon
Kanse ®
oxadiazon+prodiamine
RegalStar®
oxadiazon+prodiamine
Surflan®
oryzalin
Broadstar®, SureGard®
flumioxazin
**Courtesy John Olive, Alabama Ag. Exp. Sta.
Ornamental Horticulture Station, Mobile
Management of I. Cylindrica
Biological Control**
Fungus = Bipolaris sacchari
 Suppressed Cogongrass growth in 4 weeks
 Some mortality
 Increased activity when mixed with Drechslera gigantea
**Courtesy R. Charudattan,
Dept. of Plant Pathology,
Univ. of Florida, Gainesville
Nepalese Browntop
Microstegium vimineum
Nepalese Browntop
Microstegium vimineum
 Non-selective control:
 glyphosate: 2% solution
 Finale® / Rely® : see label
 Selective control - less impact on associated plants
 Vantage® / Poast®: see label
 Mechanical controls:
 Mowing / pulling prior to seed set in Sept.
 Burning has no effect
Chinese silvergrass
Miscanthus sinensis
Chinese silvergrass
Miscanthus sinensis
 Thoroughly wet all leaves with one of the following
herbicides in water with a surfactant
 glyphosate: 2% solution
 Arsenal AC® : 1% solution **
 tank-mix combination of the above
 Timing
 September - October
 multiple applications necessary if regrowth occurs
** Non-target plants may be killed or injured through root uptake.
Bamboo
Phyllostachys spp & Bambusa spp.
Bamboo
Phyllostachys spp & Bambusa spp.
 Thoroughly wet all leaves with one of the following
herbicides in water with a surfactant
 glyphosate: 2% solution
 Arsenal AC®: 1% solution **
 tank-mix combination of the above
 Cut just above ground-level and treat stems with
double strength solution of same herbicides above
 Timing
 September - October
 multiple applications necessary if regrowth occurs
** Non-target plants may be killed or injured through root uptake.
Ferns
Japanese Climbing Fern
Japanese Climbing Fern
Lygodium japonicum
Japanese Climbing Fern
Lygodium japonicum
 Thoroughly wet all leaves with one of the following
herbicides in water with a surfactant
 glyphosate, Garlon 3A®, Garlon 4®: 2% solution
 Arsenal AC®: 1% solution **
 Escort®: 1-2 dry oz per acre
 Timing
 July - October
 multiple applications necessary if regrowth occurs
** Non-target plants may be killed or injured through root uptake.
Forbs
Garlic Mustard
Lespedezas
Tropical Soda Apple
Garlic Mustard
Alliaria petiolata
Garlic Mustard
Alliaria petiolata
 To control two generations thoroughly wet all leaves
with:
 glyphosate: 2% solution at flowering (Apr. Jun.)**
** Include surfactant unless near surface waters.
 Basagran®: 0.5-1.0 lb ai/A **
** Low impact on native grasses and little to no effect on other
native herbs.
 2,4-D + dicamba
 Garlon 3A®: 7.5 oz / 5 gal water
Garlic Mustard
Alliaria petiolata
 Other types of control:
 Where herbicides cannot be used, hand-pull prior
to seed formation
 Mowing: should be done at full bloom to prevent
seed formation
 Repeated annual burns in the fall or early spring
will control this plant
 Flame cultivation **
** Use extreme caution
Shrubby lespedeza Lespedeza bicolor
Chinese lespedeza Lespedeza cuneata
Shrubby lespedeza Lespedeza bicolor
Chinese lespedeza Lespedeza cuneata
 Thoroughly wet all leaves with one of the following
herbicides in water with surfactant:
 Garlon 4®: 2% solution
 Escort®: 3/4 oz per acre
 Transline®: 0.2% solution
 glyphosate: 2% solution
 Velpar®: 2% solution
 Starane® / Vista®: 1% solution
 Timing
 July - September
 Mowing prior to treatment may increase control
Tropical Soda Apple
Solanum viarum
Tropical Soda Apple
Solanum viarum
 Thoroughly wet leaves and stems with one of the
following herbicides in water with surfactant
 Non-cropland: Garlon 4
2% solution
Arsenal AC **
 Pastures: Remedy 2% solution
 glyphosate: 3% solution
 Collect and destroy (burn) fruit to prevent
reestablishment. If mowed, wait 50-60 days to
ensure adequate regrowth before applying herbicide
** Non-target plants may be killed or injured through root uptake.
THANKS!!
www.auburn.edu/~faircwh
www.ag.auburn.edu/ay/weedsci/