Transcript Predicting the Product in Single Replacement Reactions

Predicting the Product in
Single Replacement
Reactions
Using the Activity Series
Introduction
There are two types of single replacement reactions,
A) The metal ion in a solution is replaced by another metal.
2 AgNO3(aq) + Mg(s) → Mg(NO3)2(aq) + 2 Ag(s)
B) The halide in a solution is replaced by another halide.
2 NaBr(aq) + Cl2(g) → 2 NaCl(aq) + Br2(l)
Introduction
• These reactions do not happen all the time!
• Some metals will replace other metal ions
in solution.
• However, not every metal will replace every
other metal ion in a solution.
• The same is true for the halides.
• The list of activity or reactivity for these
elements is called the “Activity Series.”
Metals
•
Halides
The Activity Series:
most active
Sr
Zn
Cr
Ca
Fe
Na
Cd
Sn
Pb
Bi
Cu
Hg
Ag
Pt
Au
least active
increasing activity
Ba
Mn
Ni
Sb
increasing activity
K
Al
Co
increasing activity
Rb
Mg
increasing activity
Li
increasing activity
increasing activity
most active
F2
Cl2
Br2
I2
least active
Using the Activity Series
•
•
The activity series is used to predict whether or
not a single replacement reaction will occur.
First, we look at the ions in a solution, and
determine what is being replaced.
•
•
If the added metal is higher up on the activity
series list, then it is more reactive and causes
a replacement to occur.
If the added metal is lower down on the
activity series list, then it is less reactive, and
there is no reaction.
Using the Activity Series
•
•
For example:
We put zinc metal in a solution of copper(II) sulfate.
Li
Mg
Co
Sb
Ag
Rb
Al
Ni
Bi
Pt
K
Mn
Sn
Cu
Au
Ba
Zn
Pb
Hg
Sr
Cr
Ca
Fe
Zn is more active than Cu.
Cd
Zn(s) will replace Cu2+(aq).
Na
Zn(s) + CuSO4(aq) → ZnSO4(aq) + Cu(s)
Using the Activity Series
•
•
For example:
We put magnesium metal in a solution of iron(III) chloride.
Li
Mg
Co
Sb
Ag
Rb
Al
Ni
Bi
Pt
K
Mn
Sn
Cu
Au
Ba
Zn
Pb
Hg
Sr
Cr
Ca
Fe
Mg is more active than Fe.
Cd
Mg(s) will replace Fe3+(aq).
Na
3 Mg(s) + 2 FeCl3(aq) → 3 MgCl2(aq) + 2 Fe(s)
Using the Activity Series
•
•
For example:
We put copper metal in a solution of iron(III) chloride.
Li
Mg
Co
Sb
Ag
Rb
Al
Ni
Bi
Pt
K
Mn
Sn
Cu
Au
Ba
Zn
Pb
Hg
Sr
Cr
Ca
Fe
Fe is more active than Cu.
Cd
Cu(s) will not replace Fe3+(aq).
Na
Cu(s) + FeCl3(aq) → no reaction
Using the Activity Series
•
•
For example:
We add chlorine gas to a solution of iron(III) iodide.
F2
Cl2
Cl2 is more active than I2.
Cl2 will replace I−.
3 Cl2(g) + 2 FeI3(aq) → 2 FeCl3(aq) + 3 I2(s)
Br2
I2
Practice Problems
Use the activity series to predict the products of the
following reactions. Indicate if there is no reaction.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Mg(s) + Cu(NO3)2(aq) → Mg(NO3)2(aq) + Cu(s)
Fe(s) + 3 AgNO3(aq) → Fe(NO3)3(aq) + 3 Ag(s)
Fe(s) + Na2SO4(aq) → no reaction
Pb(s) + Co(NO3)2(aq) → no reaction