Transcript Classes of Commonly-Used Powered Industrial Trucks

Name of the trainer,
Leo Korthof
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4 kids, Woerden,
Teacher
VCA, shovel, minigraver, heftruck,
reachtruck, trekker, werkvloertrainer,
assessor
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Classes of Commonly-Used
Powered Industrial Trucks
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The Industrial Truck Association has placed powered industrial
trucks into 7 classes
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Class I - Electric motor rider trucks
Class II - Electric motor narrow aisle trucks
Class III - Electric motor hand trucks or hand/rider trucks
Class IV - Internal combustion engine trucks (solid/cushion tires)
Class V - Internal combustion engine trucks (pneumatic tires)
Class VI - Electric and internal combustion engine tractors
Class VII - Rough terrain forklift trucks
* Note that this classification refers to commonly-used vehicles and does
not include all powered industrial trucks covered by the OSHA standard.
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Class I - Electric Motor Rider
Trucks
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Counterbalanced rider type, stand up
Three wheel electric trucks, sit-down
Counterbalanced rider type, cushion
tires, sit-down (high and low platform)
Counterbalanced rider, pneumatic tire,
sit-down (high and low platform)
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Class I - Electric Motor Rider
Trucks
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Class I - Electric Motor Rider
Trucks
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Counterbalanced
Rider Type, StandUp
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Class II - Electric Motor Narrow Aisle
Trucks
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High lift straddle
Order picker
Reach type outrigger
Side loaders, turret trucks, swing mast
and convertible turret/stock pickers
Low lift pallet and platform (rider)
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Class II - Electric Motor Narrow Aisle Trucks
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Class II - Narrow Aisle Trucks
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Class III - Electric Motor Hand or
Hand/Rider Trucks
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Low lift platform
Low lift walkie pallet
Reach type outrigger
High lift straddle
High lift counterbalanced
Low lift walkie/rider pallet
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Class III - Electric Motor Hand or
Hand/Rider Trucks
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Class III - Hand & Hand/Rider
Trucks
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Class IV - Internal Combustion Engine
Trucks - Cushion (Solid) Tires
Fork, counterbalanced (cushion/solid tires)
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Class IV - Internal Combustion
Engine Trucks - Cushion (Solid) Tires
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Class V - Internal Combustion Engine
Trucks - Pneumatic Tires
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Fork, counterbalanced (pneumatic tires)
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Class V - Internal Combustion
Engine Trucks (Pneumatic Tires)
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Class VI - Electric & Internal
Combustion Engine Tractors
Sit-down rider
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Class VII - Rough Terrain Forklift
Trucks
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Straight-mast forklift
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Extended-reach forklift
All rough terrain forklift trucks
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Rough Terrain Straight Mast
Forklifts
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Rough Terrain Extended-Reach
Forklifts
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Some Types of Powered Industrial
Trucks Used in Maritime
The following types of vehicles are
covered by the OSHA standard if the
vehicles carry, push, pull, lift, or tier loads.
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Container top handlers
Container reach
stackers
Straddle carriers
Semi-tractors/ Utility
vehicles
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Sidehandlers
Combination vacuum
lifts
Yard tractors
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Powered Industrial Trucks Used in
Maritime
Container Handlers
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Powered Industrial Trucks Used in
Maritime
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Empty-Container Handler
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Powered Industrial Trucks Used
in Maritime
Container Reach Stacker
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Powered Industrial Trucks Used in
Maritime
Straddle Carriers
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Powered Industrial Trucks Used
in Maritime
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Yard Tractor
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Operating a Lift Truck
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Preoperation Inspection
Operating a Lift Truck
Loading/Unloading
Traveling
Ramps and Railroads
Docks
Parking
Battery Charging
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Preoperation Inspection
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It is your responsibility to make sure
your forklift functions properly
It requires preoperation inspections
You must be sure equipment is
maintained
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Walk Around
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Forklift properly disengaged
• Forks down, key off, neutral gear, parking brake on
Left/right side
• Tire condition, tight lug nuts, no debris around axle, overhead
guard is solid, no debris behind the mast
Front
• Forks in good shape, fork pins in place, backrest solid, mast &
chains greased, hoses in good shape
Rear
• Counterbalance bolt is tight, radiator clear of debris
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In the Seat
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Nonmoving checks
• Gauges, lights, horn, back-up alarm,
blinking warning light, operate the tilt & lift
mechanism, check the parking brake
Moving checks
• Put on the seat belt, check the running
brakes,
check the steering
Look for oil or water leaks on the floor
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Operating a Lift Truck
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Operating a Lift Truck
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Only trained, authorized operators
Immediately report forklift-related accidents
Seat belts must always be worn
No person should stand under elevated
portion of lift truck
Forklift controls operated only from
driver’s seat
Never block exits or emergency equipment
Smoking is not permitted
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Loading/Unloading
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Before raising a load, understand:
• Approximate weight of the load
• Location of the load’s center of gravity
Inspect load for stability, projections,
damaged pallets before lifting
Restack unstable loads
Never place weight on the back of
a lift truck to increase its capacity
Towing always done from rear towing pin
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Traveling
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Always look in the direction of travel
Keep body inside the cage
When moving, the mast must not be raised
Sound the horn
Operate at safe speeds
When turning, watch rear end swing
Clearance under overhead installations
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Traveling
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Avoid loose objects or holes
If load blocks view, travel in reverse
Never carry passengers
Pedestrians always have the right-of-way
Safe distance from edge of ramps or docks
Never eat or drink
No stunt driving or horseplay
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Ramps and Railroads
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Never turn on a ramp
On ramps the load should be upgrade
Ascend or descend ramps slowly
Railroad tracks are crossed diagonally
Never park within 8 feet of the center of
railroad tracks
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Docks
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Inspect the dock plate
Check the trailer floor condition
Trailer wheels are chocked
Nose of the trailer is supported
by the tractor or a fixed jack
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Parking
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Lower the forks
Set gear to neutral
Set the parking brake
Turn off the key
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Propane Refueling
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Propane is a combustible, compressed
gas
Propane leaks are detected by:
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PPE: gloves, safety glasses
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• Distinct odor
• Hissing sound
• Frost on fittings
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Battery Charging
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Inspect battery connectors for damage
No smoking in battery-charging area
Immediately clean up electrolyte spills
PPE includes face mask, acid-resistant
gloves, and an apron
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The forklifttruck
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Blz 19
Components of a Forklift Truck*
*One of the most common types of powered industrial trucks
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Forkliftmast
Mast
The mast is the vertical assembly responsible for lowering or raising a load.
A forklift mast is made up of interlocking rails necessary to provide lateral stability.
These rails are guided by rollers or bushings.
Hydraulics
Forklift masts consist of metal plates used to move materials
and are hydraulically driven. Hydraulics refers to the transmission
of power via the use of pressurized fluid --- in this case, oil.
Hydraulic cylinders that link directly to the forklift motor drive the mast,
enabling it to lift, lower or tilt a load.
The pressurized oil drives the cylinder piston to move in strokes, or linear motion.
The mast is typically operated via a lever in the cab,
or the area in the forklift used to house the operator and forklift control components
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How a Forklift Mast Works
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single mast
Mast with 2 parts
Mast with 3 parts
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Filmpje 2 delige mast
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Filmpje 3 delige mast
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Verschillende hoogtes
Hefhoogte = maximum
forkhight
maximale heffing van de
vorken boven de vloer
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Afzethoogte=
max.height to pick up
and/or put down loads
=Maximale hefhoogte –
25 cm
Vrije hefhoogte=
freelift of freelift, vrije
werkruimte zonder
uitschuiven van de mast
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Doorrijhoogte=
Driving hight
Hoogste punt van
mast of kooi met de
last of lege vorken op
15 cm van de grond.
Bouwhoogte=
Overall height is het
hoogste punt van de
truck met de vorken
op de grond.
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Lastdiagram
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Korte omschrijving
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Op een heftruck moeten een typeplaat en een werklastdiagram
aanwezig zijn op een plaats waar ze voor de heftruckchauffeur
duidelijk en afleesbaar zichtbaar zijn.
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Bij het heffen van lasten spelen onderstaande zaken een rol:
• Totale hoogte van de uitgeschoven hefmast
• Maximale vorkhoogte
• Totale hoogte ingeschoven hefmast
• Maximale vrije heffing
• Gewichtsverdeling en de afmetingen van een last
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Stability of Powered Industrial
Trucks
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Definitions
General
Basic Principles
Stability Triangle
Longitudinal Stability
Lateral Stability
Dynamic Stability
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Stability Triangle - Figure 1
B
Vehicle Center of
Gravity (Unloaded)
A
C
Center of Gravity
of Vehicle and
Maximum Load
(Theoretical)
Notes:
1. When the vehicle is loaded, the combined center of gravity (CG) shifts toward line B-C.
Theoretically the maximum load will result in the CG at the line B-C. In actual practice, the
combined CG should never be at line B-C.
2. The addition of additional counterweight will cause the truck CG to shift toward point A and
result in
a truck that is less stable laterally.
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Stability Triangle - Figure 2
Load CG
Load CG
Vertical
Stability
Line
(Line of Action)
Combined CG
Combined CG
Truck CG
The vehicle is stable
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Truck CG
Vertical
Stability
Line
(Line of Action)
This vehicle is unstable and
will continue to tip over
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Center of Gravity
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Balance point
48”
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Distance from the edge of the
item to the item’s center of gravity
20”
40”
B
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Load Center
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48””
Distance from vertical face of the forks
to the load’s center of gravity
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• A: Load center = 24"
• B: Load center = 40"
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80”
B
1 inch = 100 lbs
Important reason for keeping the load
resting against the vertical face of forks
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Combined Actions
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Center of gravity moves
side to side
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Center of gravity
moves forward
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Center of gravity moves
backward to the thin portion
of the triangle
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Stability Triangle
3-point suspension
 Forklift’s center of gravity
 Combined center of gravity
 Load center beyond 24"
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pallets
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LCC
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Standard Load Center
Lastdiagram
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Claus
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Quiz
1. If your forklift has a rearview mirror,
looking behind you is not necessary.
True or False
2. Name two of the three ways to detect
a propane leak: _______________, _______________
3. Describe the four items that must be completed
prior to driving your forklift into a trailer.
4. If a load blocks your vision, it is OK to raise
the load while moving to see under it.
True or False
5. Preoperation inspections are done only
because OSHA says we have to do them.
True or False
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Quiz
6.
(cont.)
Attachments reduce capacity by increasing
the load center and adding weight.
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Minimum PPE items required when refueling
a propane tank are ___________, ____________.
8.
The most important differences between a
forklift and a car are weight and steering.
9.
True or False
True or False
Name at least one condition that when
combined with turning sharply may cause a tipover.
10. Pedestrians have the right-of-way only
while in designated pedestrian lanes.
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True or False
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Quiz Answers
1. False. You must always look behind you before backing up.
2. Hissing sound, distinct odor, or frost on fittings.
3. Chock the wheels, support the nose of the trailer, inspect the
dock plate, check the trailer floor.
4. False. Never drive with the load up. Drive in reverse when the
load obstructs forward vision.
5. False. Inspections are also done so that the operator can
prevent mechanical failure accidents and because the
company needs to prove compliance with OSHA’s
requirement.
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Quiz Answers
(cont.)
6.
True. Attachments are heavy, and they cause
the load center to move away from the forklift.
7.
Gloves and safety glasses are the minimum PPE required.
8.
True. There are many differences, but the most significant
are weight and steering.
9.
Hitting a pothole, carrying an off-center load,
getting a flat tire, having a raised & tilted back
load, or being on a ramp.
10. False. Pedestrians always have the right of way.
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