Transcript Chinese Nationalism - Churchville Central School District

Chinese Nationalism
Mao Zedong
China
• When last we left China
they were
• In the mist of World
War II.
• The Japanese had
invaded China.
• Things did not look
good for China!
China
• Remember prior to
1790’s China rejected
western influence.
• China was selfsufficient and did not
need anything from the
west.
China
• However….
The West wanted what
China had… Tea
The British tried to force
their way in and used
opium to control China.
Soon Chinese were
addicted to opium and
the Chinese Gov’t did
not like it.
China
• China wanted the
British out.
• The British wanted
what China had and
this lead to the Opium
Wars.
China loses and Britain
has a sphere of
influence with trade in
China.
China
• The U.S. becomes involved
and wants to opening up
trading in China for all
countries.
• The U.S. started the Open
Door Policy.
• It kept China from being
colonized and gave the U.S.
rights to trade with China.
• HOWEVER….
China
• The Chinese did not
like the foreigners
involved in China.
• This lead to the Boxer
Rebellion.
• The Boxers tried to
expel the foreign
nations.
• However this failed!
China
• By 1911 the students
workers and warlords
over threw the Chinese
monarchy and China
became a republic.
Sun Yixian
• In 1912 Sun Yixian and the Nationalist Party
overthrows the last emperor of the Qing dynasty.
• Sun becomes President of the new Republic of
China
• Sun bases his government on three principles
• Nationalism-end to foregin domination
• Democracy-people’s right to govern
• Economics-economic security for all people.
The Long March
• Mao Zedong
• Becomes the leader of
the Communist in
China.
• In the 1930’s he flees
the Nationalist
Government with
100,000 followers in
1934.
• This was known as the
Long March.
The Long March
• The marchers traveled
6,000 miles.
• They ended up in Northern
China.
• Only about 20,000
survived.
• The Communist began
battling the nationalist for
power of China
UNTIL….
Chinese Civil War
• The Civil War lasted from
1945 to 1949.
• At first the Nationalist had
a larger army.
• However, the Nationalist
lost the support of the
people.
• By 1949 many Nationalist
went over to the
Communist.
• In 1949 the Communist
won control of China.
Winner
Mao
Loser
Kai-shek
Taiwan
• When the Nationalist lost
the civil war they fled to
the island of Taiwan.
• There they set up a
democratic government
called the Republic of
China.
• They were supported by
the western nations (U.S.)
during the Cold War.
Communist China and Mao
• After the Communist
took over China they
re-named it
• The People’s Republic
of China (PRC).
Mao the Dictator
• Mao sets up a
dictatorship and a one
party system of
government.
• Mao denies basic
human rights.
Mao
• He and the Communist had taken over China.
• The Nationalist had fled to Taiwan.
• He was creating reforms by educating, giving land to
and health care to the peasants.
• He changes the roles of women.
• He set up a one party, dictatorship.
• He had social, political and economic problems to
fix.
Mao the Dictator
• Mao set up the national
government and was
seen as head of state.
• Mao also set up the
Communist Party as
the only political party.
Mao was the chairman
of the party.
Mao’s Socialism
• 80% of China was agriculture
• Problem because for Marxism to work must be
industrialized.
• 10% of the population owned 70% of the land.
• Problem because the landlord controlled the land and
wealth while the peasants remained poor.
• Mao’s solution….
Mao’s Socialism
• Take the land away
from the landlords.
• Kill 1 million landlords
who resist.
• Divide the land among
the peasants.
• Ok, so the peasants are
happy or are they???
Mao’s Socialism
• Mao forces the
peasants to join
collective farms.
• 200 households farm
the land.
• The peasants like it!
Mao’s Socialism
• Mao also nationalizes or
has government take
control of all businesses.
• Mao tries 5-year plans.
• The plan works and coal,
cement, electricity doubled.
• Steel quadruples.
• It works!
Mao
• So the collective farming and 5-year plans
work
• What will Mao think of next?
The Great Leap Forward
• In 1958 Mao wants to further increase
agricultural and industrial output.
The Great Leap Forward
• Agriculture
• Mao creates large
collective farms called
communes.
• Life on communes is
strictly controlled.
• People live in common
dorms, eat in common
dining rooms, and own no
property.
• Each commune had a
high quota to reach for
production.
The Great Leap Forward
•
•
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•
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Many hate the communes.
The workers receive no pay for their labor.
Only the state prospers.
No incentive to work for the state.
Agricultural output declined.
• Further between 1958 and 1961 crop failures
cause a famine which kills 20 million people.
The Great Leap Forward
• Industrial
• People also lived in
communes.
• Had high quotas.
• Commune based
industry turns out
poorly made goods.
The Great Leap Forward
• It is a failure.
• The program last from 1958 to 1961.
The Cultural Revolution
• In 1966 Mao wants to
renew the people’s loyalty
in the revolution and
communism.
• Mao also fears the
intellectuals are running the
country and not the
peasants.
• Who is really running the
country?
The Cultural Revolution
• Mao shuts down the schools and universities
in China.
• Mao forms the Red Guards
The Cultural Revolution
• The Red Guards
• These are students, the
young.
• They attack the
professors, government
workers, factory
managers, and either
exile or execute them.
• (Sounds like Stalin’s
Purges)
The Cultural Revolution
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•
•
•
There is chaos in China.
The country is divided.
There is almost a civil war.
In 1976 Mao stops the revolution and gets rid
of the Red Guards.
• Most of the artistic and intellectual
community is wiped out in China.
Mao
• The Little Red Book
• A series of quotes by Mao
on how China should run.
• Known as the bible of
Communist China.
• Used by the Red Guard to
create a cult for Mao and
Mao was seen as god-like
• The quotes were often
unclear, and did not follow
any pattern and after the
Cultural Revolution the
book was used less often.
China
• In 1971 the People’s
Republic of China is
admitted into the U.N.
• In 1972 President
Nixon opens relations
with China.
• In 1979 the U.S.
recognizes the People’s
Republic of China.
Mao
• In 1976 Mao dies.
• Deng Xiaoping takes
control.
• Deng has brought
economic freedom but
not political freedom to
China.
Economic Reforms
• To make China modern
• Promoted foreign trade with the west
• Created the Four Modernizations
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•
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Farming-modernize and mechanized.
Industry-upgrade and expand.
Science and technology were promoted.
Defense-military forces were improved.
Economic Reforms
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Ended the unpopular communes.
Land lease to farmers.
Farmers had a say in what they grew.
Farmers could make some profit.
Some private businesses could operate.
Human Rights Violations
• China will not give political freedoms
• China has been known for human rights
violations.
• China’s violations of human rights has
strained relations with western nations and
the United States.
• Tiananmen Square
Economic Reforms
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Ended the unpopular communes.
Land lease to farmers.
Farmers had a say in what they grew.
Farmers could make some profit.
Some private businesses could operate.
Human Rights Violations
• China will not give political freedoms
• China has been known for human rights
violations.
• China’s violations of human rights has
strained relations with western nations and
the United States.
• Tiananmen Square
Human Rights Violations
• Tiananmen Square
• 1989 demonstrators in
Beijing wanted more
rights and freedoms.
• The gov’t used tanks and
and troops on the
demonstrators.
• Thousands were killed.
• The Chinese gov’t showed
that they were in control
and would offer no
political freedoms.