Chapters 2,3,4 & 5

Political

You need to consider the following

• • • How did the political patterns develop and fall in each area?

What similarities and differences develop?

What political styles turned out to be effective over other patterns?

China: Dynasties • • Development of a form of government known as the dynastic cycle Very

centralized 6 5 4 1 2 3

The Dynasty Song Shang, Chou, Qin, Han (

SHONG, JOE, CHIN, HANN

) Sui, Tang, Song (

TSWAY, TONG, SOUNG

) Yuan, Ming, Qin, Republic (

u-JUAN, MING, CHING

) Mao Ze Dong, Deng Xiaoping (

MAO-TSE-DONG, DUNG-SHEEOU-PING

)

Zhou Dynasty (1029-258 BCE)

• • • Ruled through alliances and noble families ▫ Will change throughout the span of the dynasty ▫ ▫ Feudal like Agricultural What did they do right?

▫ Expanded territory ▫ ▫ Mandate of Heaven (son of heaven) Confucius Dynastic Cycle fall of Zhou and rise of Qin

Qin Dynasty (221-202 BCE)

• • • • CENTRALIZATION ▫ Qin Shi Huangdi : First Emperor ▫ Legalism Very strong Major innovations ▫ Increase central power ▫ Census, weights & measures, standardized writing Qin was too harsh and taxes too high. It fell and the Han rose

Han Dynasty (202BCE – 220CE)

• • • • Saw the validity of Central Control without being brutal Improved the state bureaucracy in order to create a more effective centralized government ▫ Very successful Contact with India and Middle East Wu Ti: Famous Han Ruler ▫ Confucianism ▫ Improved Government functions

Political theory throughout the Dynasties Regionalism Legalism Confucianism

India: different kind of dynasties

• • • Very

Regional

From the beginning India was very individualistic. ▫ Religion The trick with the two Indian dynasties was: ▫ How do you control and connect ALL these different peoples

No song for this one

• Mauryan Dynasty • Gupta Dynasty

Mauryan Dynasty (324- 184 BCE)

• • • • Chandragupta ▫ 1 st rule to unify the subcontinent  India’s cultural and political identity is too individualistic and that made unification VERY difficult Developed an elaborate bureaucracy that ruled from Pataliputra Network of spies to maintain control Tax collection

Ashoka

• • Ashoka ▫ Expanded Mauryan land ▫ Brutal until he converts to Buddhism and then promotes peace ▫ Pillars of Ashoka After Ashoka the empire fell apart. ▫ It was too difficult to unit for long

Gupta Dynasty (320– 600 CE)

• • • • Out of the instability came a new empire Larger and less centrally controlled Allowed for more regional control ▫ Due to the individual nature of the subcontinent, this created more stability ▫ No bureaucracy Uniformed code of laws

Let’s pause and talk about Persia

So Persia (550 – 331 BCE)

• • • • • • • • Founded by Cyrus the Great continued by Darius I • Largest empire yet complex government 20 provinces headed by a satrap or governor (similar to proconsuls in Rome) Taxes or tribute to the central government Single currency Complex road system Postal system

Greece & Early Rome: “Democracy” (500 – 338 BCE) • • • Beginning of the thoughts of active

participation in politics

Developed out of a polis system (Greece) ▫ Strong city-states ▫ BUT they are able to come together under a centralized government Many of todays political theories started here

•

Direct Democracy:

all can directly participate (if you are a citizen) ▫ This is Greece ▫ Why is this not reasonable •

Representative Democracy:

all choose elected officials to represent them in government ▫ Indirect Democracy ▫ This is Rome (REPUBLIC)

Greece

• • • Two strongest city-states were Athens and Sparta ▫ Also very different political theories   Oligarchy/militarism Direct Democracy Pericles ▫ Ruled during the Golden Age of Athens Fell to the Macedonian Kings in the North

Roman Republic

• • • • • • Indirect Democracy Consuls Senate (patricians) Tribunes (plebeians) Twelve Tables: created a standardized system of laws and established rights for defendants When defeating others in battle: assimilated conquered people ▫ Meant that many forms of political institutions

• • • • • • • • Roman Empire and Pax Romana (31 476 CE) Augustus: First Emperor NOT a dynasty: succession often depended upon military strength Kept the Senate but it was basically useless Network of roads Proconsuls to govern regions Sharply divided between citizens and non-citizens Roman law- Rules became more objective • Laws as a regulator of social life Legalize Christianity in 300s CE to attempt cultural unity

China (Not too bad)

• • • End of the dynastic cycle ▫ God allowed invaders (Huns) to take over China so there wasn’t anyone with favor ▫ Someone had to restart the cycle  Daoists: Yellow Turbans Sui  Tang Not a complete downfall ▫ Basic core of the government was too strong to fall ▫ Threatened but not destroyed

India (not great)

• • • • • Again invaders were able to dismantle the Gupta empire Central power over regional princes had been declining for awhile Different: ▫ Invaders didn’t take over instead they were integrated into the warrior caste Rajput: regional princes Religion stayed strong

Greece & Rome (DONE)

• • • Slow decline into the abbess Normal problems we have already seen Death Spiral ▫ Population decline ▫ VERY bad emperors ▫ Plague ▫ Invaders ▫ Alliances ▫ New ideas

What were politics like during the classical period?

• • • • What is similar throughout?

What could be considered a pattern?

This is a time of growth, change and conquest We see the emergence of 3 major areas of strength and influence