Transcript Slide 1

Class Directions Friday, 12-14-12
• You are ONLY to be on my science site.
• HEADPHONES WILL NOT BE NEEDED.
• 3RD Period:
1. Begin with Thursday’s Periodic Table Lesson 1 Notes,
make sure you have copied all underlined info into
your ISN.
2. Start Periodic Table Lesson 2 Notes for today
• 4th Period
1. Start on Periodic Table Lesson 2 Notes for today.
• Work through Lesson 2 as you would with me
Periodic Table Lesson 2
WE WILL HAVE AN OPEN ISN QUIZ ON
MONDAY OVER ATOMS AND PERIODIC
TABLE.
Bellwork – Atomic Structure
• Identify the Nucleus, Protons, Neutrons, Electrons,
Charges of Particles and Shells in the diagram below.
Bellwork
• Identify the Nucleus, Protons, Neutrons, Electrons,
Charges of Particles and Shells in the diagram below
Shell
Proton
Neutron
Electron
Nucleus
Element Output ISN p. 94
1. Select ONE element from the periodic table.
2. Draw its “Square” on ISN p. 94.
3. Label the Atomic Number, Symbol, Name, and
Atomic Mass (Mass Number) of the element you
chose.
4. Write the Period and Group your element is
from.
5. Write if it is a metal, metalloid, non-metal.
6. Write if it is a solid, liquid or gas.
Periodic Table Lesson 2
Label ISN p. 97 with above title
All notes in this lesson will go on ISN p. 97
Objective and Essential Question
• Objective: Use the Periodic Table to determine
the number of shells, valence electrons and
reactivity of elements.
• Essential Question: How can the PT help us
draw a diagram of an atom?
Periodic Table Lesson 2
• Shells
– Electrons have rings, or orbitals, or shells that they
travel on.
• Similar to the orbits the plants move on as they orbit the
sun.
– Basically, it is their path around the nucleus.
Periodic Table Lesson 2
• Gaining and Losing Electrons
– Valence electrons – electrons located in the outer shell
only.
– Elements with 1, 2, or 3 valence electrons give up
(lose) electrons (become positive)
– Elements with 4 or more valence electrons receive
electrons from other elements and become negative)
• Note: You will find out how to do this later in the
lesson.
Atomic Structure Notes
• Write this chart in your notes
Shell
Number
1 – closest
to nucleus
2
Number of
Electrons
2
3
18
4
32
5
50
6
72
76
8
5
432
1
Review - Electrons and Periodic Table
• What can we use the periodic table for?
– Finding atomic number, atomic mass, chemical symbol,
patterns in properties, type of element, state at room
temperature
– ALL FROM A LITTLE SQUARE!
• Mendeleev discovered a repeating pattern
(periodic) of the elements that repeated every 7
elements and developed the Periodic Table.
Using the table to understand the
elements
• Element Reactivity (Periods)
– Reactivity INCREASES the farther left and the
farther down the period table.
– Decreases as you move up or right
• For instance Fr (francium) is more reactive than K
(potassium).
• Calcium (Ca) is slightly less reactive than K
Using the table to understand the
elements
• Valence Electrons Columns (Groups)
– They all have similar chemical and physical
properties
– Columns tell us how many electrons are in outer
level.
• We do not use Groups 3-12 when counting electrons.
• Group 1 = 1, Group 2 = 2, Group 13=3, Group 14=4,
Group 15=5, Group 16=6, Group 17=7, Group 18=8
Now, Let’s See what this all means.
• On the next slides, use the Periodic Table on
TEXTBOOK pages 768-769 .
• Also, practice the skills as you move through the
lesson.
• This is a big part of your model building next week.
• Note:
– Periods tell how many shells are in an atom
– Groups tell how many valance electrons in an atom
Periodic Table
Study Guide
Determining Shells and Valence Electrons
5th Grade Science
Mrs. LaRosa
www.middleschoolscience.com 2008
All images are from www.Chem4kids.com
Periods
•Each row is called a “period”
•The elements in each period have the
same number of shells around the
nucleus.
www.chem4kids.com
Groups
Group 1 = 1 electron
Group 2 = 2 electrons
Group 8 = 8 electrons
Except for He, it has 2
electrons
•Each column is
called a “group”
•Each element in a
group has the same
number of electrons
in their outer orbital,
also known as
“shells”.
•The electrons in the outer
shell are called “valence
electrons”
www.chem4kids.com
Transition Metals
•Transition Metals
have slightly
different rules for
shells and
valence
electrons.
•This is
something you
will learn about in
High School
Chemistry.
www.chem4kids.com
Let’s Practice
• Find the number of shells and valence electrons for
Magnesium (Atomic Number = 12).
• Ask yourself:
• Electron shells:
– What period (row) is it in?
• Valence Electrons:
– What group (column) is it in?
Let’s Practice
• Find the number of shells and valence electrons for
Magnesium (Atomic Number = 12).
• Ask yourself:
• Electron shells:
– What period (row) is it in?
• 3rd period= 3 shells
• Valence Electrons:
– What group (column) is it in?
• 2nd group = 2 valence electrons
Determine the number of shells and the
number of valence electrons for:
2nd Period = 2 shells
4th Group =
4 valence
electrons
www.chem4kids.com
Determine the number of shells and the
number of valence electrons for:
3rd Period = 3 shells
www.chem4kids.com
1st Group =
1 valence
electron
Write your answers on your handout.
Name the element.
Number of shells ?
Valence electrons ?
Write your answers on your handout.
Name the element.
Number of shells ?
Valence electrons ?
Neon
2nd Period = 2 shells
8th Group = 8 valence
electrons
Write your answers on your handout.
Name the element.
Number of shells ?
Valence electrons ?
Write your answers on your handout.
Name the element.
Number of shells ?
Valence electrons ?
Hydrogen
1st Period = 1 shell
1st Group = 1 valence
electron
Write your answers on your handout.
Name the element.
Number of shells ?
Valence electrons ?
Write your answers on your handout.
Name the element.
Number of shells ?
Valence electrons ?
Beryllium
2nd Period = 2 shells
2nd Group = 2 valence
electrons
Write your answers on your handout.
Name the element.
Number of shells ?
Valence electrons ?
Write your answers on your handout.
Name the element.
Number of shells ?
Valence electrons ?
Sulfur
3rd Period = 3 shells
6th Group = 6 valence
electrons
Write your answers on your handout.
Name the element.
Number of shells ?
Valence electrons ?
Write your answers on your handout.
Name the element.
Number of shells ?
Valence electrons ?
Potassium
4th Period = 4 shells
1st Group = 1 valence
electron
Shells and Valence Electron Output ISN p. 96
•
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Pick any element in group 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 or 18 and write the:
Element Name
Chemical Symbol
Number of Protons/Atomic Number
Number of Electrons
Atomic Mass
Number of Shells
Number of Valence Electrons
Draw it on your paper.
1.
2.
3.
Include the correct number of protons and neutrons
Include the correct number of electrons
Include the correct number of shells and valence electrons.
1. Use the chart on ISN p. 97 to fill in each shell until it is full.