Transcript POETRY UNIT 2004 - South Eastern School District

POETRY
UNIT
English 8
In poetry, language is used in special
ways to create vivid, memorable, and
sometimes musical impressions.
Poems may capture a single moment
in time, take you into a world of
make-believe, or tell the story of a
person’s life.
Tips for Reading a Poem:
 Read the poem all the way through, twice.
 Think about any background knowledge that you
have that will help you connect to the people,
animals, or objects in the poem.
 Try to make a picture in your head of what’s
happening in the poem.
 Try to figure out what the poem is about, using
textual evidence and background knowledge.
POETIC
FORMS
STANZA
A unified
group of lines
in poetry.
REFRAIN
A phrase or verse which
recurs at the end of each
of the separate stanzas or
divisions of a poetic
composition.
GENRE
FREE VERSE
 “Free” of the traditional structures of poetry.
May contain irregular rhythms and varied line
lengths. If rhymed, the rhyme scheme is loose
and irregular.
 May be long or short
 May or may not have stanzas
FREE VERSE
 Examples:
• “Southbound on the Freeway” by May Swenson
p. 467
• “For My Sister, Molly Who In The Fifties” (poetry
link)
Riddles
 “One of the Seven Has Somewhat to Say”
http://books.google.com/books?id=iu7U_W
GNqcC&pg=PA25&lpg=PA25&dq=one+of+th
e+seven+has+somewhat+to+say+by+sara+
henderson+hay&source=bl&ots=fXUFmNR
yoD&sig=6UlfHpJnphHQ8nElRX_rJoFlU70
&hl=en&sa=X&ei=TE9yUoCkFjjsATB64HABw&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA#v=on
epage&q=one%20of%20the%20seven%20has
%20somewhat%20to%20say%20by%20sara%2
0henderson%20hay&f=false
Riddles
• one of seven bachelors
•Wants to marry her off
•Wants to move but afraid to hurt her
feelings
GRUMPY
LYRIC
 Poetry that expresses
vivid thoughts and
feelings
 Expresses poet’s
thoughts and feelings
through vivid images,
descriptive words,
and the musical
qualities of lines
 May consist of regular
stanzas or uneven
stanzas
Short, highly musical poem
that expresses the observations
and or feelings of a single
speaker
LYRIC
Ask Yourself:
Short, highly musical poem that
expresses the observations and or
feelings of a single speaker
Is it an expression of personal
feelings?
Is it emotional?
Does it create a simple
impression for the reader?
LYRIC
Short, highly musical poem that
expresses the observations and or
feelings of a single speaker
Example:
“love is a place”
by e. e. cummings
http://www.poetrysociety.org/psa/
poetry/poetry_in_motion/atlas/ne
wyork/lov_is_a_pla/
NARRATIVE
 Tells a story.
 Has events, setting, characters,
etc.
 Like a narrative, events build to a
climax.
Examples:
“Little Red Riding Hood” by Roald Dahl
(poetry link find in “poetry packet”)
More Examples of Narrative
Poems
 “Little Red Riding Hood and the Wolf” by Roald
Dahl
 “La Belle Dame sans Merci” by John Keats
 Both are available in the poetry link under
“poetry packet”
CONCRETE POEM
 Uses the shape of the
Example:
poem on the page to
symbolize an idea or “l(a”
image within the
 by e.e. cummings
poem
 Poet arranges the
letters, punctuation,
and lines to create an
image, or picture on
the page.
l(a by e.e. cummings
L(a
le
af
fa
ll
s)
one
l
iness
HAIKU
 A poetry form of Japanese origin that uses 3
lines of verse whose subject is usually about
nature
 first and third lines have 5 syllables
 second line has seven syllables
Example:
“Watermelons” by Charles Simic
Watermelons
by Charles Simic
Green Buddhas
On the fruit stand.
We eat the smile
And spit out the teeth.
More Haiku
See the red berries…
Fallen like little footprints
On the garden snow
-Shiki
Fallen now to earth
after dancing journeyings
kite that lost its soul
-Kubonta
From my tiny roof
smooth…soft…still-white
snow
melts in melody
-Issa
Cinquain
Short, unrhymed poems
consisting of twenty-two
syllables distributed as 2, 4, 6, 8,
2, in five lines .
Example:
“On Being Introduced to You” by Eve Merriam
Excerpt from
“On Being Introduced to You” by Eve Merriam
Cinquain:
five lines, unrhymed;
start with two syllables,
go to four, six, eight, but at length
just two.
Click here to read the rest:
http://www.hungermtn.org/on-material-art-blueprint/
LIMERICK
 This form of humorous poetry has five lines.
 The first, second, and fifth lines follow the same
rhythmic pattern. The words at the end of these lines
rhyme.
 The third and fourth lines follow their own rhythmic
pattern and the words at the end of these lines
rhyme.
 Example: “Lord Cray” by Edward Gorey
Lord Cray
by Edward Gorey
The sight of his guests filled Lord Cray
At breakfast with horrid dismay,
So he launched off the spoons
The pits from his prunes
At their heads as they neared the buffet.
Diamante
 A seven-line, diamond-shaped poem which contrasts two
opposites.
 Line 1: one word (noun that is contrasting to line 7)
 Line 2: two adjectives that describe line 1
 Line 3: three action verbs that relate to line 1
 Line 4: four nouns
first 2 words relate to line 1
last 2 words relate to line 7
 Line 5: three action verbs that relate to line 7
 Line 6: two words adjectives that describe line 7
 Line 7: one noun that is contrasting to line 1)
Example of a Diamante
Teenager-Adult By Joy
Teenager
Rowdy, loud
Fooling, joking, playing
Immature, young, old, sophisticated
Working, writing, talking
Serious, mature
Adult
http://www.ves.k12.nf.ca/activities/EngDia.htm
Sound
Devices
RHYME
The repetition of syllable sounds.
End words that share a particular
sound are called end rhymes.
 Rhyming words within a line of
poetry are internal rhymes.
Example:
 “The Creamation of Sam McGee” by Robert W. Service pp486489
 “The Raven” page 474
Consonance
 Consonance is the repetition of the same consonant
or consonant pattern two or more times in short
succession.
 Examples of Consonance




Glass boss. (Using ss)
Mammals named Sam are clammy. (Using am)
Pitter-patter. (Using tt and er)
Slither slather. (Using Sl, th and er)
ASSONANCE
 Assonance is also called ‘vowel rhyme’. Assonance is
the repetition of a pattern of similar sounds within a
sentence.
 Example of Using Assonance with sound
 Do you like blue? - (Using ‘o’, ‘ou’, ‘ue’).
 He received three emails today.- (Using ‘e’, ’ ei ’ee’ and,’e’)
 The sailor said ‘hey’ to Mae in passing – (Using ‘ai’, ‘ey’ and, ‘ae’)
 Assonance is used in poetry to create different effects. It is used to produce a form
of rhyme throughout the whole sentence not just within the verse.
Example of both Assonance and Consonance
“Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening”
by Robert Frost
Whose woods these are I think I know.
His house is in the village though;
He will not see me stopping here
To watch his woods fill up with snow.
My little horse must think it queer
To stop without a farmhouse near
Between the woods and frozen lake
The darkest evening of the year.
Example continued
He gives his harness bells a shake
To ask if there is some mistake.
The only other sound's the sweep
Of easy wind and downy flake.
The woods are lovely, dark and deep,
But I have promises to keep,
And miles to go before I sleep.
And miles to go before I sleep.
How does this poem provide good examples of
Assonance and Consonance?
ALLITERATION
 Alliteration is the repetition of the same sound or letter
at the beginning of each or most of the words in a
sentence. The easiest way to use alliteration would be to
repeat the starting letter of the words.
 The repetition of initial consonant sounds in neighboring
words.
 It is used to create melody, establish mood, call
attention to important words, or point out similarities
and contrasts.
More Alliteration
 Examples – Using alliteration with a letter
More Alliteration
 Example – Using alliteration with the first syllable

ASSONANCE
Assonance is the repetition of
vowel sounds.
ONOMATAPOEIA
The use of words that imitate
sounds
 Crash, buzz, screech, hiss, neigh, jingle, cluck,
etc.
 Example:
 “Another sound tinkling in the cotton:”
 “The years go back with an iron clank”
 “A night heron’s screech”
Alliteration in action
 Read Maya Angelou’s, “I Know Why the Caged Bird
Sings” (See poetry link and click on the link for this
poem to read.)
FIGURATIVE
LANGUAGE
Writing or speech that is not
meant to be taken literally.
SIMILE
A figure of speech that uses
“like” or “as” to make a
direct comparison between
two unlike ideas.
Examples:
(Both are available on my poetry link.)
 “Concrete Mixers” by Patricia Hubbell
 “Lyric 17” by Jose Garcia Villa p.867
METAPHOR
 A figure of speech in which something is described as though
it were something else. A metaphor, like a simile, works by
pointing out a similarity between two unlike things.
Example:
 “Watermelons” by Charles Simic
EXTENDED METAPHOR
A metaphor that is
carried through the entire
poem.
Example:
“The Road Not Taken” by Robert Frost (471)
“All the World’s A Stage” by William Shakespeare (see
packet in the poetry link)
PERSONIFICATION
Figurative language in which a nonhuman subject is given human
characteristics.
Example:
“Mirror” by Sylvia Plath
“Incident in a Rose Garden” by Donald Justice
“Jenny Kiss’d Me” by Leigh Hunt
SYMBOL
 Anything that stands for or represents something
else.
 Symbols are common in everyday life.
Examples:
“The Raven” by Edgar Allan Poe (474)
POETIC TOOLS
RHYTHM
The pattern of beats,
or stresses, in spoken
or written language.
ALLUSION
A specific reference
to a famous real or
fictional person,
place, event, or piece
METER
 A poem’s rhythmical pattern. This pattern is
determined by the number of stresses, or
beats, in each line.
 To describe the meter of a poem, you must
scan its lines.
 Scanning involves marking the stressed and
unstressed syllable.
 Example: Rosalind’s Love Prate (p.97, As You
Like It)
IRONY
An implied discrepancy between what is said and
what is meant.
Three kinds of irony:
1. verbal irony is when an author says one thing and
means something else.
2. dramatic irony is when an audience perceives
something that a character in the literature does
not know.
3. irony of situation is a discrepancy between the
expected result and actual results.
Example: “Richard Cory” by Edwin Arlington Robinson (packet)
SENSORY LANGUAGE
Writing that appeals to the five senses to give
readers a clear and vivid picture.
SOUND
TASTE
TOUCH
SMELL
SIGHT
IMAGERY
Refers to words and phrases that
appeal to one or more of the five
senses
EXAMPLES:
 “The Base Stealer” by Robert Francis Globe
p.120
 “For My Sister Molly, Who in the Fifties” by Alice
Walker (packet)
REPETITION
of words or
phrases for emphasis
and rhythm.
Repeating
Example: “The Raven” by Edgar
Allan Poe (474)
TONE
The author’s attitude
towards the subject.
(e.g. - persuasive, angry, remorseful,
cynical, amused, sarcastic, delighted)
Examples:
“All the World’s A Stage” William Shakespeare
(packet)