Transcript EHS Presentation for UNCW

Corporate Perspective
David W. Turner for Prof. Cutting /UNCW 11/2000 page 1
Major Regulations
Why Comply
Use of the Intra / Internet for EHS
Compliance
‘Coping’ strategies
David W. Turner for Prof. Cutting /UNCW 11/2000 page 2
Development of a rule
Public opinion
Environmental PAC’s
EPA publishes
proposed rule
Law
CONGRESS
EPA publishes
final rule
Public discussion
State Implementation
David W. Turner for Prof. Cutting /UNCW 11/2000 page 3
Legal Framework
US Environmental Statutes
•13 laws enacted by Congress
•Generalizations
Associated Laws
•Laws enacted related to enforcement
•State laws that cover areas not addressed by Federal Laws
Regulations
•Issued by agencies to provide for enforceable provisions to meet the Statutes.
•Published in the Federal Register and carries the weight of law.
•State and Local level regulations
•Federal Agencies may mandate enforcement at State Level
Permits
•Application of Regulation Specifics to a Facility
Common Law
•Typically involve some form of nuisance, trespass or negligence in the form
of pollution
David W. Turner for Prof. Cutting /UNCW 11/2000 page 4
Themes of Regulation
Cooperative Federalism- Federal Government establishes standards. states are delegated
the responsibility of developing programs to implement and enforce the standards. Federal
government has oversight on state programs and may take over. States may have more stringent
requirements.
Health over Economics- The early standards, such as CAA, were primarily health based,
with little emphasis on economics or even technical feasibility. The Clean Air Act Amendments,
while even broader, do take into consideration the best available technology.
Prevention- Most standards developed with a philosophy of prevention.
Costly- The laws are very expensive to implement.
estimated to be $25 billion per year.
David W. Turner for Prof. Cutting /UNCW 11/2000 page 5
For example the cost of the CAAA is
History
History of US Environmental Laws
•1899 Rivers and Harbors Act
Regulatory
•1970 Clean Air Act
•1970 Occupational Health and Safety Act
Remedial
•1980 Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability
Act
Prevention and Management
•1990 Pollution Prevention Act
Other Statutes
Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know
Act of 1986
Environmental Programs Assistance Act of 1984
Environmental Quality Improvement Act of 1970
Federal Water Pollution Control Act, As Amended by
the Clean Water Act of 1977
Clean Water Act
National Environmental Education Act
National Environmental Policy Act
David W. Turner for Prof. Cutting /UNCW 11/2000 page 6
Noise Control Act of 1972
Oil Pollution Act of 1990
Pollution Prosecution Act of 1990
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976
Safe Drinking Water Act
Soil and Water Resources Conservation Act of 1977
Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977
Toxic Substances Control Act
1997
54
1996
48
1994
39
1993
33
1992
29
SARA 313 (Revised)
ERT (1910.120)
Proc Safety Mgmt
Blood Borne
Lab Safety
Incin Emissions
Stormwater
NC Air Toxics
NPDES Opr Cert
Rad NESHAPS
Emer Response
Lab Safety
RCRA Haz Waste Update
Stormwater
Drinking Water
NPDES Opr Cert
PCB Regs
Emer Response
UST Rules
RCRA Haz Waste Update
Groundwater Stds
Drinking Water
NPDES Permit
PCB Regs
OSHA Chem Exp
UST Rules
NRC Relicensing
Groundwater Stds
Nitrosoamine Std
NPDES Permit
HAZCOM
OSHA Chem Exp
Asbestos
NRC Relicensing
SARA/EPCRA
Nitrosoamine Std
Air Permits
HAZCOM
RCRA Part B
Asbestos
HSWA
SARA/EPCRA
TSCA
Air Permits
RCRA Part B
HSWA
TSCA
1991
20
RCRA Land Ban
CAA-ODC Labeling
Confined Space
Lock-Out/Tag-Out
SARA 313 (Revised)
ERT (1910.119)
Proc Safety Mgmt
Blood Borne
Incin Emissions
NC Air Toxics
Rad NESHAPS
Lab Safety
Stormwater
NPDES Opr Cert
Emer Response
RCRA Haz Waste Update
Drinking Water
PCB Regs
UST Rules
Groundwater Stds
NPDES Permit
OSHA Chem Exp
NRC Relicensing
Nitrosoamine Std
HAZCOM
Asbestos
SARA/EPCRA
Air Permits
RCRA Part B
HSWA
TSCA
PPE-OSHA
New OSHA Rpt.
OSHA Recording
CAA-Emis Inv (NC)
CAA-Permitting
RCRA Land Ban
CAA-ODC Labeling
Confined Space
Lock-Out/Tag-Out
SARA 313 (Revised)
ERT (1910.119)
Proc Safety Mgmt
Blood Borne
Incin Emissions
NC Air Toxics
Rad NESHAPS
Lab Safety
Stormwater
NPDES Opr Cert
Emer Response
RCRA Haz Waste Update
Drinking Water
PCB Regs
UST Rules
Groundwater Stds
NPDES Permit
OSHA Chem Exp
NRC Relicensing
Nitrosoamine Std
HAZCOM
Asbestos
SARA/EPCRA
Air Permits
RCRA Part B
HSWA
TSCA
Star / VPP
Rev GrdH2O Rules-U
PB-Drink Water Chgs
Ind Hyg Metals
CAA CFC Replac
OSHA Fork Lift Reg
OSHA Fall Prot
Sanitary Sludge Regs
CAA112R
CAA CFC Replac
PPE-OSHA
OSHA Fall Prot
New OSHA Rpt.
CAA112R
OSHA Recording
PPE-OSHA
CAA-Emis Inv (NC)
New OSHA Rpt.
CAA-Permitting
OSHA Recording
RCRA Land Ban
CAA-Emis Inv (NC)
CAA-ODC Labeling
CAA-Permitting
Confined Space
RCRA Land Ban
Lock-Out/Tag-Out
CAA-ODC Labeling
SARA 313 (Revised)
Confined Space
ERT (1910.119)
Lock-Out/Tag-Out
Proc Safety Mgmt
SARA 313 (Revised)
Blood Borne
ERT (1910.119)
Incin Emissions
Proc Safety Mgmt
NC Air Toxics
Blood Borne
Rad NESHAPS
Incin Emissions
Lab Safety
NC Air Toxics
Stormwater
Rad NESHAPS
NPDES Opr Cert
Lab Safety
Emer Response
RCRA Haz Waste Update Stormwater
NPDES Opr Cert
Drinking Water
Emer Response
PCB Regs
RCRA Haz Waste Update
UST Rules
Drinking Water
Groundwater Stds
PCB Regs
NPDES Permit
UST Rules
OSHA Chem Exp
Groundwater Stds
NRC Relicensing
NPDES Permit
Nitrosoamine Std
OSHA Chem Exp
HAZCOM
NRC Relicensing
Asbestos
Nitrosoamine Std
SARA/EPCRA
HAZCOM
Air Permits
Asbestos
RCRA Part B
SARA/EPCRA
HSWA
Air Permits
TSCA
RCRA Part B
HSWA
TSCA
1995
41
EPCRA 313R Chg.
Other Lower PELs
ISA
Methylene Chloride IH Std
Other Potable Water Stds
New Lab Rules
Star /VPP
Rev GrdH2O Rules-U
PB-Drink Water Chgs
Ind Hyg Metals
OSHA Fork Lift Reg
Sanitary Sludge Regs
CAA CFC Replac
OSHA Fall Prot
CAA112R
PPE-OSHA
New OSHA Rpt.
OSHA Recording
CAA-Emis Inv (NC)
CAA-Permitting
RCRA Land Ban
CAA-ODC Labeling
Confined Space
Lock-Out/Tag-Out
SARA 313 (Revised)
ERT (1910.119)
Proc Safety Mgmt
Blood Borne
Incin Emissions
NC Air Toxics
Rad NESHAPS
Lab Safety
Stormwater
NPDES Opr Cert
Emer Response
RCRA Haz Waste Update
Drinking Water
PCB Regs
UST Rules
Groundwater Stds
NPDES Permit
OSHA Chem Exp
NRC Relicensing
Nitrosoamine Std
HAZCOM
Asbestos
SARA/EPCRA
Air Permits
RCRA Part A
HSWA
TSCA
Clean Air Act
•Issued 1970
•Ambient Air Quality Standards for Pollutants
•Emissions Permitting
•Best Available Control Technology
•Mobile Sources Regulated
David W. Turner for Prof. Cutting /UNCW 11/2000 page 8
CAA Amendments
•Amendments passed 1990
•Requires permitting for smaller sources
•Nationwide permit system
•‘Air Toxics’ now regulated
•Urban smog regulations
•Nation divided into attainment 7 non-attainment areas
•Controls on users of fossil fuels
•Attainment category influences which regulations apply to a facility
•Criteria Pollutants
–NOx (ozone precursor)
–SO2
–Particulate Matter
–CO
–Lead
–VOC (ozone precursor)
David W. Turner for Prof. Cutting /UNCW 11/2000 page 9
Clean Water Act
• CWA issued 1972
• Established NPDES permit system
• Permitting required to discharge to sewers or for
private waste water treatment systems
• Allowable discharge levels set by industry
• New regulations for testing and control on stormwater
runoff
• ‘End of Pipe’ controls - new regulations changing to
watershed quality standards
David W. Turner for Prof. Cutting /UNCW 11/2000 page 10
Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act
• RCRA issued 1976
• Generator responsible for waste indefinitely
• ‘Listed Wastes’ are specifically named
• ‘Characteristic Wastes’ meet one or more categories:
– Ignitable
– Corrosive
– Reactive
– Toxic
• Generators must address storage on site, labeling,
employee training, record keeping and manifest system to
track waste
David W. Turner for Prof. Cutting /UNCW 11/2000 page 11
Toxic Substances Control Act
• TSCA issued 1976
• Designed to list all chemical substances and to track
adverse effects
• Before manufacturing, processing or distributing any
chemical, must assure chemical on TSCA inventory
• Company must keep records of all allegations of adverse
reactions
• Covers PCB’s and asbestos
David W. Turner for Prof. Cutting /UNCW 11/2000 page 12
Comprehensive Environmental
Response, Compensation & Liability
Act: Superfund
• CERCLA enacted in 1980 to address past contamination
problems
• Covers 400 substances with very low action levels
• Responsible parties perform cleanup or can be sued to
recover cost of clean up by the federal government
• Liability is
Strict
Retroactive
Joint and Several
Perpetual
•Enforcement can include current and past owners,
operators, generators and transporters
David W. Turner for Prof. Cutting /UNCW 11/2000 page 13
Superfund Authorization &
Reauthorization Act
• SARA passed in 1986 to extend and expand CERCLA
• Increased citizen and state involvement
• Stringent cleanup standards
• 5 year review after cleanup with potential for more
remedial action
• New regulatory program SARA Title III (EPCRA)
David W. Turner for Prof. Cutting /UNCW 11/2000 page 14
Emergency Planning and Community
Right-to-Know Act
• EPCRA issued after Bopal, India and Institute, WV.
Union Carbide releases
• A way to inform the community of hazardous and toxic
chemicals used by local industries
•Planning and Notification in Emergencies
•Thresholds for release notification
•Inventory reporting
•Toxic Release reporting (TRI)
David W. Turner for Prof. Cutting /UNCW 11/2000 page 15
Occupational
Safety and Health
• OSHA issued 1970
• Requires employers to furnish places of employment free
of hazards
• Covers electrical safety, fire safety, personal exposure
limits, HazCom and many other areas
• New/Pending regulations include Process Safety
Management, Ergonomics, Reduced Exposure Limits
David W. Turner for Prof. Cutting /UNCW 11/2000 page 16
Air Standards
(CAA)
Public Information
(EPCRA)
(CERCLA)
(RMP)
Air Emissions
(TSCA)
Raw Materials
(TSCA)
Worker Safety
(OSHA)
(TSCA)
Stormwater
(NPDES)
Waste
Liquid
(NPDES)
Water Standards
(CWA)
David W. Turner for Prof. Cutting /UNCW 11/2000 page 17
Product
Solid
Remediation
(CERCLA)
Waste
Regulations
Land
Groundwater
(RCRA)
Major Regulations
Why Comply
Use of the Intra / Internet for EHS
Compliance
‘Coping’ strategies
David W. Turner for Prof. Cutting /UNCW 11/2000 page 18
Goals
• 100+% Compliance with Laws
• Continued Progress toward
Elimination of:
– Workplace injuries
– Waste and Emissions
• Cost Effective Cleanup of Remedial
Sites
• Proactive Environmental Citizen
David W. Turner for Prof. Cutting /UNCW 11/2000 page 19
Benefits
Tangible
• Cost Savings
• Cost Avoidance
• Prevent Civil and
Criminal Charges
David W. Turner for Prof. Cutting /UNCW 11/2000 page 20
Intangible
• Environmental
Stewardship
• Employee
satisfaction
• Community
Relations
Costs
Tangible
• $ For Fines
• $ For Remediation
• $ For Civil
Penalties
• Jail Time
David W. Turner for Prof. Cutting /UNCW 11/2000 page 21
Intangible
• Tarnished Brand
Image
• Employee
dissatisfaction
• Bad Neighbor
Image
Major Regulations
Why Comply
Use of the Intra / Internet for EHS
Compliance
‘Coping’ strategies
David W. Turner for Prof. Cutting /UNCW 11/2000 page 22
Internet for Compliance
• Information gathering
• Data Management /
Analysis
• Information
dissemination
David W. Turner for Prof. Cutting /UNCW 11/2000 page 23
• Scheduling tools
• Audit finding tracking
• Self assessment /
Auditing tools
• Measurement
summaries
Major Regulations
Why Comply
Use of the Intra / Internet for EHS
Compliance
‘Management’ strategies
David W. Turner for Prof. Cutting /UNCW 11/2000 page 24
Management Strategies
Ignorance
Litigation
Avoidance
Compliance
Cooperation
David W. Turner for Prof. Cutting /UNCW 11/2000 page 25
Cooperation
VPP - Carolina Star
• Employee / Employer /
Regulator Team Approach
to Safety
• Invited OSHA Inspection
• Strict Criteria for Program
Eligibility
• 19 Safety Program
Elements
Bottom Line
A Safer Workplace
David W. Turner for Prof. Cutting /UNCW 11/2000 page 26