Transcript Slide 1

KIDZTOWN
ADULT
TRAINING
Unit: Isaiah, Prophet to Judah – Nov 2013
Unit: Isaiah, Prophet to Judah
2
Week 1 – God Called Isaiah (Isaiah 6)
Week 2 – Isaiah Confronted Ahaz (Isaiah 7)
Week 3 – Hezekiah, Judah’s Faithful King
(2 Ki 18-20)
Week 4 – Isaiah Preached About the Messiah
(Isaiah 53)
Background Information
Historical Context
4
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
2nd half of 8th century BC (≈740 – 700)
The second “golden age” of Jeroboam II and
Uzziah have come to an end.
The Neo-Assyrian Empire is rising to be the first
world super power.
Invasion of Israel by Tiglath-pileser III (Isaiah 712) as a result of the Syro-Ephraimite War of
735-732 BC
Samaria conquered and the people deported as
well as all Israel being annexed in 722 BC.
Background Information
Tiglath-pileser III
5
Historical Context
6
VI.
VII.
VIII.
Sargon of Assyria dies in 705 BC and
Sennacherib takes his place.
Sennacherib invades Judah in 701 BC but
Jerusalem is miraculously spared by God.
After chapter 39, Isaiah moves his focus to
delivering oracles having to do with the future of
Judah past his own lifetime.
Background Information
Historical Context
7
“. . . chapters 40–66 consist of oracles given to
him by the Spirit of inspiration, thus enabling
Isaiah to live in spirit in a future day so that he
might be the vehicle of God’s message to the
people of that day.”
Geoffrey W. Grogan, Isaiah, ed. Frank E. Gaebelein, The Expositors Bible Commentary: Isaiah,
Jeremiah, Lamentations, Ezekiel (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House, 1986), 240.
Background Information
Authorship
8
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
Isaiah the son of Amoz (1:1)
Married to a prophetess and had two sons.
The Talmud indicates he was related to the royal
house, a cousin of Uzziah.
He must have lived into the reign of Manasseh
(696-642 BC) because he records the death of
Sennacherib (681 BC) in 37:38.
Legend places his death at the hands of
Manasseh, sawn in two inside a hollow log.
Background Information
Purpose
9
To communicate “[t]he Lord will fulfill His ideal
for Israel by purifying His people through
judgment and then restoring them to a renewed
covenantal relationship. He will establish
Jerusalem (Zion) as the center of His worldwide
kingdom and reconcile once hostile nations to
Himself.”
Roy B. Zuck, A Biblical Theology of the Old Testament (electronic ed.; Chicago: Moody Press,
1991), 305.
Background Information
Overview
10
Chapters 1-6
The first five chapters are indictments against the
nation. Chapter six concludes the introduction “for it
suggests that the people were not going to pay any
attention to the message of Isaiah.”
Hill and Walton, Old Testament, 322.
Background Information
Overview
11
Chapters 7-12
These chapters highlight the failure of Ahaz to trust
God and the results of that failure. However, hope is
interspersed in this section to demonstrate such failure
doesn’t annul God’s covenant.
Hill and Walton, Old Testament, 323.
Background Information
Overview
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Chapters 13-23
God’s control over all the nations.
Chapters 24-27
These chapters speak of destruction and desolation in
the wake of the Babylonian conquest. However, the
despair gives way to joy as Isaiah prophesies of the
coming kingdom age when united Israel’s enemies are
vanquished by the Lord and the nation blooms once
again.
Hill and Walton, Old Testament, 323.
Background Information
Overview
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Chapters 28-35
These chapters shift in focus to Hezekiah’s time in the
last fifteen years of the 8th century BC. Unfortunately,
Hezekiah turns to Egypt (30-31). The righteous ones
are delivered (33) while chapters 34-35 “speak of
the wrath and judgment of Yahweh to fall on all his
enemies.”
Hill and Walton, Old Testament, 323.
Background Information
Overview
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Chapters 36-37
The end of the Assyrian crisis although Hezekiah
would still have to pay tribute to Assyria.
Chapters 38-39
New transition from the Assyrian to Babylonian crisis.
Hezekiah prays for healing and receives it. The
Babylonians come to congratulate him, and he
foolishly shows off the royal treasury which sets the
stage for the oracle of chapter 39 indicating Babylon
would carry Judah into exile.
Hill and Walton, Old Testament, 323.
Background Information
Overview
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Chapter 40
Major literary and thematic shift.
Chapters 40-55
These chapters speak to the coming Babylonian crisis.
“[W]e should note that [Isaiah] was not prophesying
about the Exile; rather, he was assuming it and
addressing his message to those who were part of it.”
Themes in these chapters include future deliverance,
worthlessness of idols, judgment on the nations, and a
future “Servant” who would be instrumental in God’s
plan.
Background Information
Hill and Walton, Old Testament, 323-24.
Overview
16
Chapters 56-66
These chapters project even further into the future to
address those who have returned from the exile.
Hill and Walton, Old Testament, 324.
Additional supporting material is contained is 2 Kings
15-21 and 2 Chronicles 26-33.
Background Information
Major Themes
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I.
II.
III.
IV.
The Servant of the Lord – “instrumental in fulfilling
God’s plans for Israel”
The Holy One of Israel – This title is used almost
exclusively by Isaiah in the OT.
God as Savior and Redeemer – saving His people
is a vindication of Himself in the eyes of the
nations. (Goel)
Eschatology – emphasis placed upon the future
kingdom of Israel and Yahweh’s reign.
Background Information
Major Themes
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V.
VI.
The Remnant – This theme provides the balance
between God’s holiness and love (Savior and
Redeemer).
God’s Rule Over History – Isaiah’s prophecy and
fulfillment of the destruction of the northern
kingdom as it relates to his prophecy about the
prophecy of Judah’s destruction AND restoration.
Background Information
Outline
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I.
Volume of rebuke and promise, 1:1–6:3
A. First sermon: rebellion confronted with judgment and grace, 1:1–31
B. Second sermon: present chastisement for future glory, 2:1–4:6
C. Third sermon: judgment and exile for the stubborn nation, 5:1–30
D. Fourth sermon: the prophet cleansed and commissioned by God, 6:1–
13
II. Volume of Immanuel, 7:1–12:6
A. First sermon: rejection of Immanuel by worldly wisdom, 7:1–25
B. Second sermon: speedy deliverance foreshadowing the coming
Deliverer, 8:1–9:7
C. Third sermon: inexorable doom of exile for proud Samaria, 9:8–10:4
D. Fourth sermon: the future downfall of the false empire (Assyria); the
glorious empire to come, 10:5–12:6
Background Information
Outline
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III. God’s judgment—burdens upon the nations, 13:1–23:18
A. Babylon, 13:1–14:27
B. Philistia, 14:28–32
C. Moab, 15:1–16:14
D. Damascus and Samaria, 17:1–14
E. Ethiopia, 18:1–7
F. Egypt, 19:1–20:6
G. Babylon, second burden, 21:1–10
H. Edom, 21:11–12
I.
Arabia, 21:13–17
J. Jerusalem, 22:1–25
K. Tyre, 23:1–18
Background Information
Outline
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IV. First volume of general judgment and promise, 24:1–27:13
A. First sermon: universal judgment for universal sin, 24:1–23
B. Second sermon: praise to the Lord as Deliverer, Victor, and Comforter,
25:1–12
C. Third sermon: a song of rejoicing in Judah’s consolation, 26:1–21
D. Fourth sermon: punishment for oppressors and preservation in store for
God’s people, 27:1–13
V. Volume of woes upon the unbelievers of Israel, 28:1–33:24
A. First sermon: God’s dealings with drunkards and scoffers in Israel, 28:1–
29
B. Second sermon: judgment upon blind souls who try to deceive God,
29:1–24
C. Third sermon: confidence in man versus confidence in God, 30:1–33
D. Fourth sermon: deliverance through God’s gracious intervention, 31:1–
32:20
E. Fifth sermon: punishment of treacherous deceivers and the triumph of
Christ, 33:1–24
Background Information
Outline
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VI. Second volume of general judgment and promise, 34:1–35:10
A. First sermon: destruction of the Gentile world power, 34:1–17
B. Second sermon: the ultimate bliss of God’s redeemed on the highway of
holiness, 35:10
VII. Volume of Hezekiah, 36:1–39:8
A. Destruction of Judah by Assyria averted, 36:1–37:38
B. Destruction of Judah’s king averted, 38:1–22
C. Judgment upon the king’s pride in his earthly treasures; Babylonian
captivity predicted, 39:1–8
VIII. Volume of comfort, 40:1–66:24
A. Purpose of peace, 40:1–48:22
1. Majesty of Jehovah the Comforter and Sovereign Deliverer of Israel,
40:1–31
2. Challenge of the God of providence to worldly minded unbelievers,
41:1–29
3. Servant of Jehovah, individual and national, 42:1–25
Background Information
Outline
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B.
4. Redemption by grace, 43:1–44:5 (deliverance through Cyrus)
5. Dead idols or the living God? (44:6–23)
6. The sovereign God employing Cyrus as deliverer and the ultimate
conversion of converting the heathen, 44:24–45:25
7. Lessons to be learned from Babylon’s downfall and Israel’s
preservation, 46:1–47:15
8. Judgment upon faithless, hypocritical Israel, 48:1–22
Prince of peace, 49:1–57:21
1. Messiah to bring restoration to Israel and light to Gentiles, 49:1–26
2. Sinfulness of Israel contrasted with the obedience of the Servant,
50:1–11
3. Encouragement to trust in God alone, not fearing men, 51:1–16
4. Summons to Israel to awake and return to God’s favor, 51:17–
52:12
Background Information
Outline
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5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
C.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Divine Servant to triumph through vicarious suffering, 52:13–53:12
Consequent blessing to Israel and the Church, 54:1–17
Grace for all sinners who trust in Christ, 55:1–13
Inclusion of Gentiles in the blessing of Israel, 56:1–8
Condemnation of the wicked rulers of Israel, 56:9–57:21
Program of peace, 58:1–66:24
Contrast between false and true worship, 58:1–14
Confession of Israel’s depravity, leading to deliverance by God’s
intervention, 59:1–21
Glorious prosperity and peace of the redeemed, 60:1–22
The Spirit-filled Christ by whom the kingdom comes, 61:1–11
Zion to be restored and glorified, 62:1–63:6
God’s former mercies to cause Israel to plead for deliverance, 63:7–
64:12
God’s mercy for spiritual Israel alone, 65:1–25
Externalism in worship to be replaced by heart sincerity, 66:1–24
Gleason Archer Jr., A Survey of Old Testament Introduction (3rd. ed.; Chicago: Moody Press, 1994), 363-65.
Background Information
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Background Information
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Background Information
Lesson1: November 3, 2013
Chapters 1-5
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I.
First sermon: rebellion confronted with judgment
and grace (1:1-31)
God’s children have revolted against Him (1:2, 4)
A.
1.
2.
Judgment -
B.
1.
2.
Now (1:5-9) and
Later (1:24-25)
Grace in the midst of all
C.
1.
2.
Lesson 1
Outward-only religion (1:13)
Reprobate living (1:21-23)
Judah spared from annihilation already (1:9)
Future restoration (1:26-27)
Chapters 1-5
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II.
Second sermon: present chastisement for future
glory (2:1-4:6)
God’s judgment on Jerusalem and Judah (3:1-4:1)
A.
1.
2.
Zion’s glorious future (4:2-6)
B.
1.
2.
3.
Lesson 1
Rebellion against God in speech and deed (3:8)
Inappropriate conduct of the women (3:16-23)
Jesus Christ reigning on the earth (4:2)
Only the righteous will remain (4:3)
God will supernaturally care for all (4:4-6)
Chapters 1-5
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III.
Third sermon: judgment and exile for the stubborn
nation (5:1-30)
A.
B.
C.
Lesson 1
Six woes pronounced (5:8-23)
God shall continue to stretch out His hand in judgment
(5:24-25)
God shall bring a distant nation to carry Judah into
exile (5:26-30)
Isaiah Cleansed (6:1-7)
31
I.
II.
III.
Isaiah’s vision of God (6:1)
Seraphim (6:2-3)
The effect of God’s holiness on:
A.
B.
IV.
the material world (6:4)
humans (6:5)
God’s gracious response (6:6-7)
Lesson 1
Isaiah Commissioned (6:8-13)
32
I.
II.
God’s cleansing prepares for ministry (6:8)
The commission (6:9-13)
Go (6:9)
Tell (6:9)
Go & Tell what? (6:9-13)
A.
B.
C.
1.
2.
3.
Lesson 1
The people’s hardness of heart is of the Lord (6:9-10)
God won’t relent until His discipline is fulfilled (6:11-12)
A holy remnant will remain and be subject to further
judgment (6:13)
The illustration from nature, however, introduces an
element of hope. God has so ordered the plant kingdom
that almost total destruction does not always extinguish
life. He has a continuing purpose of life for the remnant of
his people . . . The word “seed” in this verse suggests a
possible link with the promise given to Abraham that his
seed would continue and be blessed by God (Gen 17:18;
cf. Isa 51:2). The concept of the seed may take its place
with “branch” and “servant” as subject to significant
development within the Book of Isaiah. . . .
How astounding that God should use the word “holy”
(qōdeš) of the remnant of his people when it has been used
already in v.3 in relation to his own transcendent being! This
is condescending grace indeed!
Geoffrey W. Grogan, Isaiah, ed. Frank E. Gaebelein, The Expositors Bible Commentary: Isaiah, Jeremiah, Lamentations, Ezekiel (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing
House, 1986), 58.
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Lesson 1
Lesson 2: November 10, 2013
Isaiah
Confronted
Ahaz (Isaiah 7)
Ahaz’s Decision
35
The start of the Syro-Ephraimite War (7:1-2)
The Lord’s counsel to Ahaz through Isaiah (7:3-9)
I.
II.
Promise: Their threats shall not come to pass (7:7)
Warning: If you don’t follow Me, you’re a goner (7:9)
A.
B.
God defers to Ahaz for a sign! (7:10-16)
III.
A.
B.
C.
Lesson 2
Only God could be so gracious and patient (7:10-12)
Isaiah goes off on Ahaz (7:13)
God’s sign of Immanuel (7:14-25)
Lesson 3: November 17, 2013
Hezekiah, Judah’s
Faithful King
(2 Kings 18-20;
Isa 36-39)
Hezekiah’s Decision
37
Who should Hezekiah follow?
Hezekiah’s choice brought revival to Judah
I.
II.
High places removed (2 Ki 18:4)
Sacred pillars broke down (2 Ki 18:4)
Asherah cut down (2 Ki 18:4)
Bronze serpent of Moses smashed (2 Ki 18:4)
Kept God’s commandments (2 Ki 18:6)
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Hezekiah’s choice brought victory to Judah
III.
A.
B.
Lesson 3
Shook off the chains of Assyria (2 Ki 18:7)
Defeated the Philistines (2 Ki 18:8)
Hezekiah’s Dilemma
38
Assyrian anger at his rebellion (2 Ki 18:13-16)
I.
All of Judah’s fortified cities conquered (2 Ki 18:13)
Loss of face (2 Ki 18:14)
Crushing tribute to Assyria (2 Ki 18:14-16)
A.
B.
C.
Sennacherib wants more (2 Ki 18:17-37)
II.
A.
B.
C.
Lesson 3
Hezekiah’s alliance with Egypt failed (2 Ki 18:20-21)
Assyria claims the backing of God (2 Ki 18:22-25)
Assyria had defeated the gods of the other nations
(2 Ki 18:26-37)
Hezekiah’s Despair
39
I.
II.
III.
Hezekiah comes to terms with his folly
of trusting Egypt instead of God for
protection (2 Ki 19:1-5).
Isaiah’s counsel: trust the Lord
(2 Ki 19:6-7)
Sennacherib sends a letter to Hezekiah
saying God’s no match for him
(2 Ki 19:8-13).
Lesson 3
Hezekiah’s Deliverance
40
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
Hezekiah takes Sennacherib’s letter to the Temple
and prays (2 Ki 19:14).
God’s response to Hezekiah: “Yes.” (2 Ki 19:20)
God’s response to Sennacherib: “I wouldn’t want
to be you.” (2 Ki 19:21-28).
The angel of the Lord slays 185,000 Assyrian
soldiers in one night (2 Ki 19:35).
Sennacherib goes home only to be assassinated
by two of his sons (2 Ki 19:36-37).
Lesson 3
Hezekiah’s Debilitation
41
I.
II.
III.
IV.
Chronologically, Hezekiah’s illness (2 Ki 20:1-11)
took place long before the invasion of
Sennacherib.
His illness could have been at the hands of the
Lord for disobedience (2 Ki 20:1).
God demonstrates His compassion for those who
earnestly seek Him (2 Ki 20:2-6).
Again, God allows a man to choose a sign by
which His word may be verified (2 Ki 20:7-11).
Lesson 3
Hezekiah’s Debacle
42
I.
II.
III.
Merodach-baladan of Babylon sent kudos to
Hezekiah on his recovery. (2 Ki 20:12)
Perhaps feeling his oats, Hezekiah shows off all
the treasures of the kingdom (2 Ki 20:13-18).
Hezekiah’s response (2 Ki 20:19).
Lesson 3
Lesson 4: November 24, 2013
Isaiah Preached About the
Messiah
(Isaiah 53)
God’s Servant
44
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
The actual textual unit is Isa 52:13-53:12
This textual unit is the fourth of four Servant Songs
in Isaiah. (also 42:1–4; 49:1–6; 50:4–9)
Who is the Servant of the Lord?
What did the Servant do? (Handout)
What should we, as teachers, do with this
lesson?
Lesson 4