Transcript Slide 1

Optimization of customary land landuse
DR HJH. SHAHIDAH MOHD ARIFF
GEO-LAW Research Group
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA
Customary land
• denotes the existence of ethnic and indigenous
groups/clans: Minangkabaus, Dayaks
• predominantly rural, agriculture: food & subsistence
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landownership pattern : matrilineal , multiple owners
land tenure system: complex, yet intriguing
uneconomic size: less than 0.5 hectare
abandoned, underutilised and/or idle : migration, aged
owners, insufficient labor, water problem
• uneconomic landuse : rubber, paddy, orchard, fishpond
The need to optimise customary land landuse
As more areas are densely populated,
• land for development becoming scarce
• development area become confined
• spatial planning becomes essential
• interests of all stakeholders need to be reconciled
to optimise, requires
• policy making: where land-use scenarios may act as
reference points
• decision making: where optimal configurations (costs and
effects) becomes valuable input
optimisation
• Strictly means:
-finding the best solution to a given set of problems,
or
-finding the best strategy to meet a given set of
objectives
• In practice:
optimisation involves identifying the best solutions
within a given set of constraints
optimisation
• Optimisation:
to determine the best strategy through a process of
identifying a possible solution, testing it, appraising it
and then seeking improvements, where
• Improvements:
either to increase performance or to overcome
barriers
How optimisation works?
• It involves maximising a quantified objective function
within a given scenario and subject to a given set of
targets and constraints, by using a given range of land
use
Indication: involves too many parameters,
therefore data and models are required
Objectives need to be defined
Land use objectives :
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to generate income (per region, per farmer, per labour day)
to increase food production
to increase labor availability
to intensify agricultural production (food and cash crops)
to increase efficiency of resource use (water, pesticides, fertilisers)
to avoid erosion
to avoid nitrate leaching out of agriculture systems
to avoid pollution by pesticides
to create employment
What are the consequences for the objectives we are
dealing with and for land use and land use allocation if:
• different orientations of agricultural production are
considered?
• bio-physical and socio-economic constraints change?
• preferences for conflicting objectives change?
indication: Need for scenario analysis/approach
Scenario approach
A scenario approach serves
• to investigate combinations of conditions
(eg. population growth and demand for agricultural produce)
• to evaluate the preferences for objectives
A game of “what if ………”
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agro-ecological conditions (bio-physical characteristics)
societal characteristics (cultural, religious, and political)
economic environment
land issues
multiple strategic objectives
• Bio-physical environment: climate, soils,
hydrology
• Societal characteristics: economic nature, culture
nature, determinant of current land use and land use
issues, short- and long-term objectives with respect
to land use
• Economic characteristics: economic growth rate,
per capita income, labor availability for agriculture
and employment opportunities
methods
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Socio-economic analysis
Environmental sciences
Environmental engineering
Information technology
• Long-term policy analysis
• Decision support system
• Integrated and sustainable development
Main components
databases and GIS
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land details, land ownership data
dynamic land use change data
socio-economic data
water resources data
• models that describe the area
• land use change model
• water resources model
Land use change model
• land use classes
• properties of spatial units (land size, land use, product, income,
employment, water consumption)
• a matrix of a priori transition probabilites
• aset of rules to modify the a priori transition
• other rules based on any attribute eg soil, geology,
population, climatic variables, infrastructure
Methods and tools
for long term policy analysis
and strategic decision support
• multi-sectoral integration of quantitative and qualitative
analysis
• combined quantitative systems engineering using numerical
simulation models
• methods of environmental, socio-economic and policy impact
assessment
(using rule-based expert systems technology and interactive
decision support methods)
Water resources modeling
• include both quantitative and qualitative aspects
(water availability and flow, demand and supply of water, water quality)
• provides the framework for policy scenarios
• enables different development strategies to be explored
• enables the study of the consequences and implications
of demographic, socio-economic and technological
development
• enables the understanding of their interaction towards
long-term sustainability
Use of internet
• Is required where policy making and impact assessment apply the
participatory approach which need informed participants, actors,
stakeholders
• participants, actors, stakeholders need to share information and
be informed to empower them in the decision making process
• debate (if any), would focus on policy issues, objectives and
values rather than the physical-based data and information
• Participatory approach could create awareness and thrust
contributing to the development of a civic society
results
• actors, stakeholders, users can participate directly in decision
making and policy analysis
• multiple criteria and conflicting objectives can be considered
• numerical simulation and optimisation tools can be integrated
with socio-economic elements
• rule-based expert system technology can be used for
qualitative analysis
conclusion
• Customary land may be small in total area, but is as
important as any other non-customary land when
the concern is food security and poverty eradication
• The use of models and participatory approach is
appropriate when customary land are small and
spatially distributed amongst rapid land use changes
and where different land use objectives are to match
different constraints at different locations.
Thank you
Terima kasih