Transcript Unit 1 – We the People

Unit 5 – Culture / Immigration
Global Studies
• Civics – the study of what it means to be a
US citizen
• Citizen – a legally recognized member of
the country
– You are a citizen of both the US and Ohio
• Government – the organization,
institutions, and individuals who exercise
political authority on behalf of a group of
people
– Ones rights and responsibilities are determined
by the government in place in that country
American Ideals
• US Government and way of life is based on
ideals of freedom and equality
• Laws protect the rights and freedoms of
citizens
– One must do their part to protect the heritage of
liberty
Freedoms of US citizens…
other countries?
• Freedom to learn – public education, college
• Freedom to choose a job or career – equal
opportunity
• Live as we wish – must respect the rights of
others
• Own possessions
• Choose own spiritual belief
• Travel and live anywhere in the US
• First Amendment / Bill of Rights Freedoms
• Citizenship – you have a
personal responsibility to be an
active participant in a
democracy
Qualities of a good citizen…
• Behaving in a civil manner
• Being fiscally responsible
• Accepting responsibility for the consequences of
one’s actions
• Practicing civil disclosure
• Becoming and staying informed on public issues
• Voting
• Taking action on public issues
• Providing a public service
• Serving on juries
Rights and Responsibilities of
Citizenship…
Right
Voting
Jury Trial
Having Rights
Responsibility
Staying informed on the issues
Serving on Juries
Respecting the Rights of Others
Government by the people…
• People rule through the officials they elect
• Elected officials are responsible to those
who elected them
– Can be voted out or impeached
Our American Culture…
How it was formed…
Early Americans…
• Native Americans – came from Siberia
– 12,000-40,000 year ago
– Moved across North, Central, South America
(Nomadic)
• Vikings
– North America – 1400 AD
– No permanent settlements
– Raid and pillage
Early Americans…
• Spanish Explorers
– Present day Florida, Texas, California
• Early colonists
–
–
–
–
Great Britain – 13 colonies
Germans – PA
Dutch – Hudson River
Swedes – Delaware River
Early Americans
• French – NY, Mass.
• Africans – forced migration…not
immigrants
Immigration
Immigrant – people who come to a country to
settle as a permanent resident
Immigrant – known as in the new country they
settle
Emigrant – known as in the country they leave
behind
Effects of Immigration on our
Society…
• Music, clothes, foods, ideas, art, literature (culture)
• Example…
• African-American / Latino
– Their art, music, literature reflects their struggles for
independence and rights, their heritage, and their culture
– Today – many items are in English and Spanish
• Due to increased immigration from Mexico and other
Latin American nations
Effects of Immigration on our
Society…
• Housing Patterns
– Immigrants lived in communities with other
immigrants (segregated neighborhoods /
ghettos)
• Felt more comfortable – language / customs
• Made in more difficult to become
“Americanized” -- Assimilation
– Creation of tenements
– Today…Ethnic Neighborhoods in big cities
Effects of Immigration on our
Society…
• Language
– First-generation immigrants had the most
problems
– Many words have entered into the mainstream
vocabulary
Effects of Immigration on our
Society…
• Educational System
– Early problems with social and language
differences
– Used the Educational system to “Americanize”
immigrant children
• First to learn English language and customs
– Immigrants brought new educational practices
• Ex…Germans – K and Music
Effects of Immigration on our
Society…
• Political Affiliations
– Immigrants became indebted to local political
bosses – both parties
• He got them jobs, housing, loans
– In exchange they voted for who he told them to
– Early immigrants and today – Democrats
Effects of Immigration on our
Society…
• Religion
– There are Americans from almost every
– 1st Amendment
– After 1800 – most immigrants tended to be
Catholic and Jewish
• Though of as inferior and could never be
pare of American society
• Anti-Semitism - Jews
Effects of Immigration on our
Society…
• Labor Practices
– Most worked in unskilled jobs for low pay
– Took jobs from many native-Americans
• Led to Nativism
– Today – illegal aliens take jobs
– Often remained in same job from homeland
• Brought their skills with them
• Ex…Germans – ways of making beer
Why Immigrants came…
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
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Population growth in Europe
Political/religious freedom
Good farmland / jobs in cities (Industrialization)
Educational Opportunities
To have a say in government
Irish – to escape the Irish Potato Famine (1846-1847)
Germans – greater economic opportunities
Southern and Eastern Europe
– Came when RR and steamboat prices dropped
• “American Dream” – hope for a better life
Why emigrants leave an area…
• Economic Reasons
– Govt taking over factories/business, no jobs, no
money
• Health concerns
– Starvation, sickness, lack of health care
• Racial concerns
– Prejudice, discrimination, violence
• Environmental Issues
– Health care / famine (Ireland)
Where Immigrants worked…
•
•
•
•
•
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Factories
Mines
RR
Clothing and cigar manufacturing
Hauling goods
Farming – frontier (some)
Immigrants…
• Usually stayed in the cities
– Cheaper / more convenient
– More jobs to unskilled workers
• Initially…
– From Western Europe (Ireland, France, Britain)
• Later…
– From Slavic countries, Italy…
– Red Scare – thought to be communists,
socialists, anarchists
– Led to Nativism – negative reaction to
immigrants
US Immigration Timeline…
• Early 1800s
– Few limitations – needed ag. workers / factory
workers
– Economy expanded and country grew
• 1880s
– Some restrictions placed of immigration
– Worked for lower wages -- Nativism
US Immigration Timeline…
• 1920s
– Immigration Acts of 1921, 1924, 1929
– Govt establish quotas on immigrants from S
and E Europe – Red Scare / Nativism
– Set numbers based on ethnic composition
US Immigration Timeline…
• Policy today...
• Set quota – 675,000/year
• Preference given today
– Kids and spouses of citizens
– Resident aliens
– refugees
• Problem – illegal aliens…still nativists
beliefs?
Nativism
• A dislike or hatred of foreigners
• Stemmed from Red Scare, Industrialization,
Immigration
Red Scare – what led to it??
• After WWI – adjusting to peace…
• Nativism
• Soldiers looking for jobs – Immigrants had
• Fearful of a Communist Revolution similar to
Russia (1917)
• Rise of Communist Party in US
• Rise of Immigration from S / E Europe
• Radicals arrested for attempted overthrows
– 1919-1920: 1000s
– Anarchists – people that do not believe in
government
Sacco and Venzetti
• Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti (ITL)
• Immigrants accused of robbery and murder in
Mass.
• were atheists (no belief in God)/Anarchists
• Limited evidence bust still convicted and
executed! - because immigrants and Nativism
• One example of immigrants having their
rights taken away – arrested without just
cause, jailed, no lawyer, no speedy trial
Another effect of Immigration…
• Revival of the Ku Klux Klan (KKK)
– Opposed immigrants, blacks, Jew, Catholics
– Afraid of growing power of these groups
• 1920s – claimed 5 million members
• Worked by intimidation and fear
– Burning crosses, hate letters, lyching, pressured
employees to fire
Cultural Diffusion
• The spreading of ideas, products,
technologies, and practices from one culture
to another
• Caused by different cultures coming into
contact
• Ex…food (lasagna, enchiladas, stir fry,
sauerkraut)
• Cultural practices – unique ways that
different groups of people do things
Assimilation
• Process where a minority group becomes
adapts customs and attitudes of the
prevailing culture
Melting Pot vs. Salad Bowl
• Metaphor – symbol or something that
represents something else
Melting Pot vs. Salad Bowl?
• Melting Pot
• American merged
their identities with
their neighbors to
become something
new and different
• Immigrants assimilate
into the American
culture
• Salad Bowl
• Different cultures are
“tossed” together in
the American society,
but they retain their
own identities
Melting Pot vs. Salad Bowl?
• Melting Pot
• Each ingredient
(culture) loses its
identity to form a new
product (American
Culture)
• The American culture
is homogenous
(similar)
• Salad Bowl
• Each ingredient
(culture) retains its
own identity, but
combines into a new
appetizing dish
(American Culture)
• The American culture
is heterogeneous
(diverse)
Melting Pot vs. Salad Bowl?
• Extended Response (4 pts)
• Compare the “melting pot” and “salad
bowl” metaphors for the American culture.
– Evaluate each metaphor and describe which
you think best describes our society today.
Melting Pot vs. Salad Bowl?
• Portfolio Assignment – Critical Thinking
• Create your own original metaphor for the
American culture.
• Explain the reasoning in a paragraph.
• Create a poster advertising your metaphor.
The World as a “global village”
• Due to fast paced cultural diffusion
– Advances in communications and
transportation
• Jets and Satellites
– See what happens instantaneously
• TV, Internet, Telephone, Faxes
Effects of technological advances
on the world today…
1. Globalization – creation of a single world
economy and culture
– Business no longer contained by boundaries
• Growing interdependence of the world
economically, culturally, and politically
• Examples…Olympics, products from all
over the world
Globalization
Negative Effects
Positive Effects
• Growing gap between • Raised standard of
the rich and the poor
living
(especially…medical
• Outsourcing (US –
care)
jobs overseas)
• Economic growth
• Threat to national
cultures
• Environmental Threats
Effects of technological advances
on the world today…
2. Cooperation and conflict
• many nations need to cooperate in order to
survive
• Conflicts from nations effect the entire
globe
–
Ex – September 11th
Effects of technological advances
on the world today…
3. Environment
•
Negative impact
• Air quality and water
• Invasive species
• Emerald ash bore, zebra mollusk
Effects of technological advances
on the world today…
4. Collective Security
• Nations rely on each other for security
• Join together to enforce mutually accepted
rule
• Alliances and peace organizations develop
• World peace is the major goal
• Examples…NATO / United Nations
Effects of technological advances
on the world today…
5.
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Popular Culture
Becomes more homogeneous (similar)
Because of mass media
Examples…
–
–
McDonalds, movies, TV shows, clothes
English – worlds universal secular language
Effects of technological advances
on the world today…
6.
•
•
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Political Systems
Spreading of Democracy
Globalization of Politics
Decisions made by groups not countries
–
–
EU – European Union
NAFTA – North American Free Trade
Agreement
Effects of technological advances
on the world today…
7.
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•
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Religion
Helped spread religions around the world
US – has about every religion
Originally Christianity spread, now Islam
and Buddhism
Citizenship…
• Native-Born Citizen
– Born in a US state or territory(even if your
parents are citizens of another country)
– One or both parents are citizens of the US are
you are born out of the country
Citizenship…
• Aliens in the US ~ 20 million
• People who are citizens of another country
living in the US
• All aliens are not illegal (illegal aliens do
not fill out the proper paperwork and
register every year)
• Illegal aliens ~ 10 million?
– About half from Mexico
Rights of citizens vs. rights of
resident aliens
• Aliens are subject to the laws of this
country
– If violated = deportation
• Aliens cannot vote or hold public office
• Some states prohibit from holding certain
jobs
Naturalization…
• Legal process by which a resident alien may
become a citizen
• Qualifications
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Resident for 5 yrs. (3 if married to US citizen)
18 yrs old
Must prove they can support themselves
Read, write, speak English (Interview)
Citizenship Test
Background Check (drug addiction/criminal)
Oath of Allegiance -- ceremony
Where do people live in the US?
Census…
• Count of US residents done every 10 years
• Main Purpose…
– Determine each states population
– House of Representatives
– Electoral Votes = Senators + Representatives
US Population Growth Summary
• 1790 (1st census) – 4 million
• Projection 2010 – 300 million
• Three ways a county can grow
– Natural increase – birthrate higher than the
death rate
– Adding a new territory – war, purchase,
annexation
– Immigration – US 1820-2000 (60 million
immigrants)
US Population Growth Summary
• How the US grew…
– 1790-1830 (13 million)
• High birthrate (natural increase)
– 1830-1920 (106 million)
• Immigration
– 1920-2000 (280 million)
• Natural increase
US Population on the move…
• 1790 census had most US citizens living in
rural (farms and small towns) areas
• Since….Urbanization
– Moving from rural areas to urban areas
Reasons for Urbanization
• NOT a decrease in the need for agricultural
products
• New farming technologies (steel plow /
mechanical reaper / barbed wire / irrigation)
– Modernization of agriculture – farming more
efficient (less workers needed)
• Industrialization – jobs
Industrialization
• A shift from farming to manufacturing
• Started in Britain in the mid 1800s then
came to the US
US Population on the move…
• Suburbanization
– overcrowding in the cities and the invention of
the automobile led to the creation of
• Suburbs – areas on the outskirts of major
cities (greener and more rural-like)
• 4/5 of the current population live in
metropolitan areas
– Cities and their suburbs
Consequences of Urbanization
• Rapid increase of population in cities
• Overcrowding – tenement buildings
• Dangerous working conditions (heavy machinery –
children / immigrants / women)
• Goods available at a lower cost
• Air, water, noise, light pollution
• Low incomes – poor living conditions
• Low life expectancy
• Transportation issues
Migration
• Movement of large numbers of people from
region to region
• Why do people migrate…(two categories)
• “Push” Factors – push people out of an old
location
– Famine, religious persecution, political conflict
• “Pull” Factors – attractions that draw people
to a new location
– Religious freedom, economic opportunities,
cultural ties
Factors that cause people to
migrate…
1. Social Factors
• Religious or ethnic persecution
• Examples
–
–
Pilgrims – religion
Tutsis fled Rwanda from the Hutu – ethnic
Factors that cause people to
migrate…
2. Political Factors
• Attracted to place where they can practice
political ideas
• Flee to avoid war
• Examples…
–
–
–
Cold War – East Ger fled to West Ger to
avoid Communism
Cubans coming to US to avoid Communism
Afghanistan – people fled after the US
attacked Tailiban
Factors that cause people to
migrate…
3. Economic Factors
• People try to escape poverty / $$$
• Examples…
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–
–
–
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Immigration to US in 1800s
WWII – Turks working in Germany (Military)
Slavery – forced migration
Migrant workers in SW US (Mexicans)
Jobs building the Transcontinental RR (Chinese)
Factors that cause people to
migrate…
4. Environmental Factors
• People leave after environmental disasters
–
•
Floods, droughts, crop failures, earthquakes,
hurricanes
Examples…
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–
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1840s – Irish Potato Famine (to US)
2000s – Sahel, Africa - people leaving
because of drought
Today – New Orleans – people leaving
because of hurricane Katrina
Examples of Migration from
History…
1. Hunter and Gatherers (12,000 yrs ago)
• Came from Asia to the Americas
–
•
•
Became what we know as Native
Americans
Followed food supply
–
•
Land bridge / ocean going craft
Groups would leave large group
(overpopulation)
Factor??
Examples of Migration from
History…
2. Bantu Speakers in Africa (1000 BC – 4th
Century)
• Migrated from West Africa to subSaharan Africa
• searched for better land
• expanding population
• Factor??
Examples of Migration from
History…
3. Spanish Colonies
• Southern North America, Caribbean, Central
and South America
• Wealth, lands
• Culture blended with indigenous peoples
–
–
Few women migrated – Spanish men married
native women
Mestizo – mix of Spanish and Native American
Examples of Migration from
History…
4. English Colonies
• North America
• Push factors - Religious persecution, lack
of economic opportunity
• Pull factors – religious freedom and
economic opportunity
• Examples…Pilgrims / Quakers / 13
colonies
Examples of Migration from
History…
5.
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6.
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Transatlantic slave trade
1500s – 1800s (11 million)
Forced Migration
Industrial Revolution (late 19th Cent)
Pull factor for international migration to
US
Caused Urbanization in US
Examples of Migration from
History…
8. After WWII from Europe
• Jewish survivors of the Holocaust to US
• Refugees fleeing newly formed
communist govts in E Europe
9. Asia (1947)
• Former British colony split into India and
Pakistan
• India – Hindu / Pakistan – Islam
Examples of Migration from
History…
10. Great Migration
• migration of African-Americans from the rural
South to the urban North
• Because of WWI – jobs
• Early 20th century
• Led to the Harlem Renaissance – flowering of
African-American artistic talent in NY
–
contributed to recognition of AA culture
Examples of Migration from
History…
11. Latin America – Urbanization
• Africa – Civil Wars
• Europe – Population Growth / Job
Shortage
Examples of Migration from
History…
12. Today in the US
•
Rustbelt to Sunbelt
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NE and MW to SE and W
Because of jobs and climate / Technology – air
conditioning
Cal – large population
Ariz / Col / Nev / Tex – fastest growing
Conn / N. Dak / RI – decrease
Las Vegas – fastest growing city
6 of the 10 largest cities (Sun Belt)
•
LA / SD / Dallas / Houston / SA / Phoenix
Changing Families…
• Size of households decreasing
– People having fewer children or living alone
– More one-parent households
• More families have both parents working
– 60% of married women work
• Older Population
– People living longer
– 1920 – 54 / today – 77 (average American
lives)