Transcript Slide 1

Social Capital and Socio Economic Development
the case of Romania’s NW and NE Region
PH.D Elena Porumb
BABEŞ-BOLYAI UNIVERSITY
CLUJ NAPOCA, ROMANIA
AAG Conference Boston MA April 2008
[email protected]
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European Regional Policy
Intervention of the socioeconomical parts
European Regional Policy
O.P. ESF
National
Strategic
Document
National
Strategic
Reference
Framework
NSRF
Negotiations with the European
Commission Services
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O.P. ERDF
Approval of
the
Operational
Programmes
O.P. ERDF +
Cohesion Fund
Commission presentation
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Frame of Regional Planning
MONITORING COMMITTEE
Community Support Frame
MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY
Community Support Frame
Public Finance Ministry
MONITORING COMMITTEES
SOP
Economical
Competitivity
SOP
Transport
Infrastructure
SOP
Environment
Infrastructure
SOP
Human
Resources
Development
OP
Administrative
Capacity
Development
ROP
Regional
Development
OP
Tehnical
Assistance
MEI
Ministry of
European
Integration
MPF
Ministry of
Public
Finance
MANAGEMENT AUTHORITIES
MTE
Ministry of
Trade and
Economy
MTCT
Ministry of
Transport
Constructions
and Tourism
MEA
Ministry of
Environment
and Water
MLSSF
Min of
Labor Social
Solidarity
and Family
MAIA
Ministry of
Administration
and Internal
Affairs
INTERMEDIARY BODIES
ANIMMC
MEdC
MCTI
MER
NAY
8 LPRA
MEdR
NALFO
8 RDA
END BENEFICIARIES
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Regions in Romania
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Counties of the NW Region?
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Fig. 1Counties of the North-West Region
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Why the NW Region?
•
the main characteristics correspond to the national average level;
•
the only Pilot project in Regional Development Policy (RDP) at
regional level;
•
corporate social responsibility and community-oriented context;
•
networks for regional development policy cooperation through the
public/ private/ NGO’s partnership evolution;
•
favourable arena for debating conceptual and best practices in RDP;
•
labour force adequate for knowledge-based economy and new
technologies (100.000 students);
•
tradition for multi-cultural, ethnicity and religiosity
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Network of institutions
Total institutions:
77
EU-level:
1
Central administration:
10
Regional administration:
3
Local administration:
24
Private institutions:
39
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Network centrality
Freeman’s Degree Centrality Measures:
• Network Centralization = 21.74%
• Heterogeneity = 2.50%. Normalized = 1.21%
• Network Centralization Index = 24.14%
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Metric MDS
CCIAMS PRIMZA
CCSJ
PRESJ
PRESM
CCIABHUTCNCCIASJ
CCBH
AJOFMCJ
CCSM
AJOFMSM
GEA
PWC_RO
AJOFMSJ
CAR
FDSE
USAMV
MMGA
EDC FDSC
MAPDR
MCTI MEdC
AJOFMMM
CLR
UBB
CCIACJ
MTCT
MFP
AJOFMBH
FNASR
ERCD
MIE
MMSSF
ARMediu
FTTCJ
EUR
MEC MAI
CRCR
IER
Civitas
ECR PRIMBM
ADRNV
PRIMBI
CCIABNPREBN
AJOFMBN
CCBN
DPSCBNPRIMOR
ADR
PRECJ
CCCJ
RBC
AIRDD
PRIMCJN
YAPCJ
Patrir
BiblOG
AFIVCJ
ALFA
CAT
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ApaCJ
CCIASM
SME_MM
LAPUS FPBH
CCMM
PRIMSM
CCIAMM
FRO
PREMM
FSD
PREBH
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SNA county variation
Cluj County
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Sălaj County
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Why the NE Region?
• the main characteristics correspond to the national average level;
• favourable institutional and legislative framework for regional
development policy;
• strong emphasize on social responsibility;
• networks for regional development policy cooperation;
• qualified labour force adequate for knowledge-based economy;
• regional development strategy in close relation with strengthening the
social cohesion;
• the only region with positive natural increase (about 1.0‰)
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NE Region
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Network of institutions
Total institutions:
33
EU-level:
1
Central administration:
6
Regional administration:
4
Local administration:
11
Private institutions:
11
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Network centrality
Freeman’s Degree Centrality Measures:
• Network Centralization = 39.08%
• Heterogeneity = 5.56%.
• Normalized = 2.60%
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Metric MDS
PRIMIS
MAI
MDPWH
AJOFMVS
CCSV
PREVS
ECR
CCIS
ARMediu
TANEL
ADR
PREIS
MIE
MMDD
PRODL
CCIASV
MEF
CCBC
REGCO
MANPU
AJOFMBC
PRIMBC
TEHNO
ADRNE
PREBC
MEdC
ARNSV
SAPARD
COLT
CARSV
BURSV
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AJOFMIS
AXICON
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Social capital
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EU Values Orientation
EU Values Orientation
80
75
70
60
69
61
50
58
52
40
40
30
38
36
32
27
20
53
50
43
33
24
Trusting EU
Content in life in
general
General personal
optimism
Opinion regarding
country economic dev
Trust in justice
10
0
SW
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NW
Bucharest
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Comparison between regions
Unemployment rate by Region
20
Total TOTAL
15
- NORTH - EAST
10
- NORTH - WEST
5
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93
19
95
19
97
19
99
20
01
20
03
20
05
19
19
91
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Years
18
Comparison between regions
GDP/inhabitant dynamics by regions
250000000
200000000
Total
N-E
ROL
150000000
N-V
Bucuresti
100000000
© 1998 - 2007 INSTITUTUL NATIONAL DE
STATISTICA
50000000
0
Lei
Lei
Lei
Lei
Lei
Lei
Lei
MU: Lei,
lei RON
(from
Year 1998 Year 1999 Year 2000 Year 2001 Year 2002 Year 2003 Year 2004
Years
years
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Comparison between regions
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Comparison between regions
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Connection GDP – EU trust
Low PIB in ROMANIA
No Trust in EU
20
0%
13
20%
67
40%
no trust
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60%
no opinion
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80%
100%
trustful
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NW Regional Programming
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NW Region – economic structure
Structure of regional economy
Health and social assistance
100%
Education
Public administration and defence
Real estate
80%
Financial services
Transportation, logistics and
communications
Hotels and restaurants
60%
Commerce
Constructions
Electric, thermal energy, natural gases,
water
Processing industry
40%
Extraction industry
20%
Industry
Fishing aqnd fishery
Agriculture, hunting and forestry
0%
1995
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2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
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NW Region – unemployment rate
16
14
12
ROMANIA
REGIUNEA NV
10
BIHOR
BISTRITA NASAUD
8
CLUJ
MARAMURES
6
SATU MARE
SALAJ
4
2
0
1999
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2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
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Patterns of interest
intermediation-representation
Local authorities and governmental agencies:
• Characteristics: Administrative conflict, insufficient use of funding
opportunities.
• Interests and motivation: Getting more autonomy; access to more
funding opportunities
• Potential and type of power: Authority power; community actions
catalyst; future control of EU funds
• Implications and conclusions: Enhancement of an articulate strategy for
local development
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Patterns of interest
intermediation-representation
Companies
• Characteristics: Low interest in marketing approach and use of
intangible resources
• Interests and motivation: Strategic alliances and facilities
(technological clusters)
• Potential and type of power: Resource management power (HR brands,
marketing)
• Implications and conclusions: Development of competitive marketing
mix and PR strategy; Lobby activities
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Patterns of interest
intermediation-representation
Local and Foreign Investors
• Characteristics: Low technologic transfer and added value; low
investment/investor
• Interests and motivation: More facilities; economic and administrative
stability
• Potential and type of power: Financial power
• Implications and conclusions: Development of networks (local
authorities and foreign investors)
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Patterns of interest
intermediation-representation
Cultural and Academic Institutions
•Characteristics: Strong multicultural institutions; lack of sufficient
and multiple funding
•Interests and motivation: Join cultural networks, co-organisation of
scientific, cultural and educational events
•Potential and type of power: Information and knowledge power,
catalyst power. A major feature of Cluj identity and image
•Implications and conclusions: Articulation of a strategic perspective
based on European core values
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Patterns of interest
intermediation-representation
Professional Associations
• Characteristics: not sufficiently active in networking
• Interests and motivation: Professional culture
• Potential and type of power: Expert and relation power
• Implications and conclusions: Training performance
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Best Practices in Romania
Social Capital and Civil Society
2.1. Regional impact on civil society development
50
Mures
40
Harghita
30
Cluj
Covasna
20
Transylvania
1.00
10
.00
Total Population
0
Rsq = 0.4092
0.0
.2
.4
.6
.8
1.0
ong in 1998 / population
Figure 6 The relationship between the number of NGOs in 1998 (*1000/total population) and the
proportion
of those who gave 1% in 2004 (*1000/total
at the county level.
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MA
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The NorthEastern
Region
Conclusions
- high development potential in the
research- development- innovation
field
- varied tourist potential
- existence of foreign investors on
the labor market
- better paid jobs
- the jobs offer is higher then the
jobs demanding
- encouragement of local initiatives
attract the foreign investors by
offering financial stimulations as a
financial source of implementing
improvement of economical policy
- The need of helping the SME,
the promotion of tourism, the
improvement of the
environment contributing to
the improvement of region
image for the potentials
Romanian and foreign
investors
- Promotion the cooperation
between strategic investors
and local businesses from
region
- create new professions at the
same level of the world
evolution
- encourage the development
of interregional and
international economical
relationships
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The North
West Region
of the region.
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The NorthEastern
Region
The North West
Region
The Private
Initiative
Dynamic
- not adapted economy
- Early industrial
development (easy
industry, automobile
industry, electrotechnics
etc.)
- good environment for the
production foreign
investments
- the lack of development
infrastructure
- the development of
tourism, general services,
transports, professional
services.
structure
- low economical
productivity and
efficiency
- the main activity:
agriculture
- decreasing trend of
private initiative
- reduced weigh of SME in
the production and
services sectors
- low quality of serviced
delivered to population
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The NorthEastern
Region
- The state sustains some
measures which will end to
“increase the life standard of
community and the
sustainable development of
the Region”
- Strategic directions: The
development of businesses
and entrepreneurship; the
development of human
resources; the promotion of
the potential development of
the Region
- Increased weight of
population with law training
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Conclusions:
The Western
Region
- general development of the
region
- good business environment
- competitive economical spirit
- lots of foreign entrepreneurs
- high trained level of population
- trained labor forced
- the region unemployment rate
is lower than the national one.
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ARC as relationships broker
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Figure 7: Overview of Arc’s approach and areas of work
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A) Between nonprofits involved in community fundraising - exploring
opportunities for
creating a more structured space for interaction and common action as part of
a network of organizations involved in community fundraising.
B) Between nonprofits and businesses interested in supporting a certain field of
work –
identifzing common interests such as – at national level preventing measures
for traffic
safety, interest of national grant-making and community development
organizations to
support long-term reconstruction process in communities affected by floods in
2005
C) At the level of four local communities involved in community foundations
development
pilot program - test need and feasibility of a shared and transparent framework
for mobilizing community resources, based on involvement of key stakeholders – NGOs,
companies
and government.
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Conclusions
Administrative absorption capacity is influenced by:

quality of the programming documents: OP, PC, manuals for
applicants;

quality of the information campaigns regarding funding
possibilities;

the existence of a project pipeline;

capacity to carry out the implementation process per se at
MA/IB level; this involves the existence of appropriate
procedures and the necessary human resources
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Concluding remarks
•no clear differences between old, new, and the former communist
countries, with one important exception.
•length of democratic rule does not have a significant effect on the
quality of social participation.
•as a former communist country Romania - caught in the middle in the
debates on social capital in this part of the world.
•differences in social capital might be expected according to age groups
as different gene-rations have different resources available to them., or
to social and educational groups – poorer communities rely on the
intense informal relationships associated with bonding social capital,
while wealthier communities are associated with more formal
organisational
participation.
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Conclusions
The current institutional framework does not admit/legitimise
specific attributions, competences or responsibilities for
regional development at regional level

Major difficulties for local/regional communities in
transposing into practice a development vision (the
development is the result of individual, separate actions) ;

Difficulties in developing and sustaining projects with
regional impact and interest;
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