Transcript Energy Efficiency Guidlines

Power Correction Systems, Inc.
1800 S. Robertson Blvd. PMB 419, Los Angeles, CA 90035
Phone: 310 247-4848
Fax: 310 273-7719
Website: www.activeharmonicfilters.com
E-mail: [email protected]
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Developed by:
Brahm Segal
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
1800 S. Robertson Blvd. PMB 419, Los Angeles, CA 90035
Phone: 310 247-4848 Fax: 310 273-7719
www.activeharmonicfilters.com
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
ENERGY COST
RELIABILITY
COMPETITION
ENVIRONMENT
GREENHOUSE GASES
SOCIAL ISSUES
SHAREHOLDRS
EMPLOYEES
CUSTOMERS
SUSSTAINIBILITY
BUSINESS ADVANTAGE
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Companies shall be committed to energy excellence to
realize a competitive advantage in their businesses and
establish an energy conservation program to attain:
Efficient energy use
Reduced energy emissions
Power facilities renewal
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Stakeholders
Community
Employees
Customers
Shareholders
Cleaner Environment
Better Job Security
Lower Price
Better Image
Lower Energy Price
Sense of Stewardship
Higher Quality
Improved Earnings
Energy Availability
Increased Pride
Better Reliability
Competitive Advantage
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Energy Organization
Strategy Team
Leadership Team
Key Pursuits Team
Constituents
Emissions
Plants
Technology
Plant Sites
Renewal
Engineering
Metrics
Customers
Energy Use
Global
Procurement
Employees
Businesses
Communications
Shareholders
Society
Businesses
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Employees
Community
Customers
Shareholders
Awareness
Waste
Value
Resources
Job Security
Stability
Price
Facilities
Ethical/Moral
Emissions
Quality
Costs
What can I do?
Environment
Offering
Earnings
Natural Resources
Reliability
Financial Score Card
Life-Cycle content
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Regulatory Compliance
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Energy Tool Box
• Energy Survey / Audit
• Instruments
• Awareness
• Energy Technology Library
• Lighting Standards
• Co-Generation
• Motor Standards
• Energy Engineering
• Maintenance
• Efficiency Standards
• Recognition
• Training / Education
• Pinch Technology
• Computer Programs
• System Monitoring
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Energy Initiatives
Motor Challenge Program
Sustainable Energy Vision
Multi-Company Energy Forum
Business Growth
Facilities Renewal Plans
Retail Wheeling Conference
Climate-Wise (Pacesetter)
Green Lights Program
Compressed Air Challenge Program
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Develop Program for the use of Alternative Energy
Thermal Energy Storage Systems
Solar Systems
Cogeneration
Waste Heat Recovery Systems
Ground Water Heat Pumps
Micro Turbines
Wind Power
Hybrid Cooling and Heating Systems
Fuel Cells
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Energy Project Financing
Cash purchase
Loan
Capital lease
Operating lease
Performance contract
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Energy Supply Chain
S
u
ELECTRICITY
AND FUELS
POWER
GENERATION
ENERGY
CONSUMPTION
PRODUCT
DISTRIBUTION
p
p
Energy Value Chain
l
e
r
ENERGY
TOOLS
PRODUCT
LIFE-CYCLE
ENERGY
PRICE
RELIABILITY
QUALITY
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
ENERGY
LEADERSHIP
C
u
s
t
o
m
e
r
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Networking
Possibilities
Network
Needs
Line Organization
Relationship
Structure
Effective
Efficient
Accountable
Measure / Audits
Unpredictable
Implements
Innovates
Homogeneous
Discovers / Evaluations
Discovers / Evaluations
Heterogeneous
Predictable
Does the right thing
Does the right thing
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Develop an Effective Energy Management Program
Identifying Electric Use-Power Monitoring System
• Allocating and managing energy costs
• Submeter system architecture and services
• Metering instruments for collecting and
analyzing data
• Evolution of metering technology
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Develop an Effective Energy Management Program
Energy Audits a Key Management Tool
• Type of audits
• Identifying energy conservation measures
• Survey instrumentation
• Data collection and trending using a personal
computer
• Identifying baselines and variable loads
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Develop an Effective Energy Management Program
Developing a Facility Energy Index
• Utility bill analysis
• Energy accounting
• End-use profiles
• External benchmarking
• Database resources available to establish
target indices
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Develop an Effective Energy Management Program
Plant Level Energy Management Process
• Forecasting energy consumption
• How to evaluate energy management
performance
• Analysis techniques
• Benchmark data for plant efficiency
comparison
• Maintaining the effectiveness of energy
management programs
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Develop an Effective Energy Management Program
Measurements and Verification of Savings
• Standards and protocols
• Methods for measurements
- engineering calculations
- computer models
- measurements vs. monitoring
• Practical considerations
- expenses vs. benefits
- accuracy
- instrumentation
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Develop an Effective Energy Management Program
Purchase of Energy Resources
• Natural gas transportation
- economics, operation regulatory issues
- balancing and bypass
• Electricity wheeling-obstacles
• Electric deregulation initiatives
• Cogeneration opportunities
• Water and sewer
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Power Factor Correction
Group Compensation
• Eliminates kVA surcharge
• Increases service panel capacity
Substation Compensation
• Eliminates kVA surcharge
• Increases service panel capacity
• Partial reduction in line losses
• Partial increase in plant distribution capacity
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Power Factor Correction
Individual Compensation
• Eliminates kVA surcharge
• Increases service panel capacity
• Maximizes reduction of line losses
• Improves voltage unbalance between phases
• Increases life expectancy of motors
• Adds flexibility for future expansion and
changes
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Improving Lighting Performance
• Changes in recent years including T-8 lamps, T5- lamps, electronic
ballast's, new dimming technologies, occupancy sensors, and pulsestart HID lamps and ballast's.
• Implement these new technologies with the ability to control and shed
loads on demand. This will be driven by utility deregulation's. Rate
plans will provide attractive discounts for facilities they can control
and shed loads during peak times
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Improving Lighting Performance
• Energy cost for lighting $75 Billion in the US for commercial
buildings (Source DOE)
• Modern lighting technology and products can bring savings in energy
cost
• for commercial and industrial facilities of up to 15 to 40%
• Energy managers can lower their electrical costs without lowering the
quality of light, on quality of life
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Improving HVAC Performance
Reduce Energy and Operating Cost
Improve Air Quality Standards
Improve Comfort Requirements
Reduce Maintenance Cost
Develop Program for Measurements of
HVAC Equipment Energy use and
Performance
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Improving HVAC Performance
Develop Program to Reduce HVAC Generating Costs
• Heat Recovery
• Reduce Scale and Corrosion
• Load Management
• Select Optimum Prime Mover / Fuel
• Improve Characteristics of Working Fluid
• High Efficiency Motors
• Variable Speed Drives
• Energy Management Monitoring Program
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Improving HVAC Performance
Develop Program to Reduce HVAC Generating Costs
• Heat Recovery
• Reduce Scale and Corrosion
• Load Management
• Select Optimum Prime Mover / Fuel
• Improve Characteristics of Working Fluid
• High Efficiency Motors
• Variable Speed Drives
• Energy Management Monitoring Program
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Improving HVAC Performance
Develop Program to Reduce HVAC Generating Costs
• Control Chilled Water Flow Rate
• Control Chilled Water Temperature
• Improve Cooling Tower Performance
• Control Condenser Water Temperature
• High Efficiency Chillers
• Improve Pumping Performance
• Tower Free Cooling
• Control Air Flow
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Improving HVAC Performance
Develop Program to Reduce HVAC Distribution Costs
• Control Outside Air
• Control Ventilation
• Balance Air Handling Systems
• Insulate
• Control Supply Air Temperature
• Avoid Simultaneous Heating / Cooling
• Use Economizer Control
• Use Air Quality Sensors
• Use Air Pressure Control
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Energy Benchmarks
Heating BTU/SQFT
Cooling BTU/SQFT
Cooling TON/SQFT
Heating cost per square foot
Cooling cost per square foot
Electrical cost per square foot
Total Utility cost per square foot
Lighting cost per square foot
Water & sewer cost per square foot
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Improving Compressed Air Performance
Develop a system block diagram
Create a system pressure profile
Address point-of-use issues
• Investigate and reduce point-of-use pressure requirements
• Determine actual air quality requirements and treat air appropriately
• Investigate and address high-volume, intermittent applications
Develop a compressed air system maintenance program
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Improving Compressed Air Performance
Analyze existing compressor(s) and system control, and
implement an effective control strategy
Align supply-side with demand-side operation
Implement strategies to maintain system alignment
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Improving Compressed Air Performance
• Perform a plant wide air leakage survey, using an ultrasonic leak
detector device
• Develop a compressed air load management system
• Study compressed air distribution piping for pressure drops
• Develop an education and training program for all employees
• Investigate whether supply air pressure can be lowered
• Check and analyze the operating pressure requirements for each
system
• Evaluate changing the specification for new equipment to a lower
operating pressure
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Additional Recommendations for Energy Management Improvements
• Develop a plant wide computerized energy accounting management
program
• Replace standard V-belts with high efficiency type V-belts
• Develop an automatic shutdown capability for utility and process
equipment not in use
• Develop a plant wide survey program for lighting levels
• Develop a program for annual performance, efficiency and capacity
testing for process and utility equipment
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
LAMP MORTALITY CHARACTERISTICS
(Source: Venture Lighting, Philips Lighting, Osram Sylvania )
120
100
PERCENT SURVIVORS
80
60
40
F32T8/ADV841
FT40DL/841/RS
20
400W M/H Standard
350W M/H Pulse Start
0
0
4000
8000
12000
16000
20000
24000
30000
HOURS OF OPERATION
Assumptions;
1.
12 Hr Burn cycle for all lamps.
2.
FT40DL operated on Rapid Start Ballast. F32T8/ADV841 operated on Instant Start Ballast.
3.
Base up operation of Metal Halide lamps.
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Scotopic / Photopic Comparison
LPS
0.23
HPS
0.62
Cle ar M e r cur y Vapor
0.8
1.46
Cool White
M e tal Halide
1.49
Quar tz Haloge n
1.5
4100o K
1.62
5000o K
1.96
2.28
Sun
Sun + Sk y
2.47
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
Photopic Lum e n M ultiplie r
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
2.5
3
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Comparison of Fluorescent T8 216 Watt Fixture
VS
Metal Halide with Pulse Start 360 Watt
Lamp
Mortality
Characteristic
% Survivors
@Hours
50% @ 19200
85%@24000
Type
Metal Halide
350 Watt
Includes 30
Watt Pulse
Start
Ballast
Fluorescent T8
4100 Degree K
4 X4 Foot
216 Watts
Includes
Programmed
Start Ballast
Color
Rendering
Index
Lamp Lumen
Depreciation
Maintenance
Total Hours
Life
Expected
Luminaire
Performance
Including Light
Loss
60
70
24000
15750 Lumens
@12000 Hours
Max
85
93
30000
13500 Lumens
@24000 Hours
Max
Metal Halide On Time =15 Minutes From Cold - 20 Minutes Restrike From Hot If Power Fails
Flourescent On Time =Instant On
Metal Halide: Ballast Life=10 To 15 Years
Flourescent Ballast Life:=35 Years Alternating Ballasts In Fixture During Unoccupied Mode
NOTE: Eye Sensitivity Doubles At Scotopic Frequencies At Night , Light Meter Does Not Double Sensitivity.
Therfore Light Appears Brighter Than Meter Indicates. At 80% of life, the light level of the
T8 is 85% of the metal halide light level, this difference is barely percepatable by the eye
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Potential Annual Energy Savings
After Implementation of Energy Conservation Program
Potential Minimum
Potential Maximum
25
20
Percent
15
10
5
0
Chilled Water
Cooling Water
Steam
Compressed Air
Plant Utilities
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Hot Oil
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Potential Annual Energy Savings
After Implementation of Energy Conservation Program
Potential Minimum
Potential Maximum
19
17
15
Percent
13
11
9
7
5
3
1
Chilled Water
Cooling Water
Steam
Hot Water
Institutional Buildings & Facilities
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Lighting
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Electricity Generated by Renewable Energy Sources
36570
40500
35500
Millions of KWh
30500
25500
20500
13070
15500
10500
4460
940
5500
500
Solar
Wind
Geothermal
Type of Energy Sources
Source: DOE Energy Information Administration, 1999
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Biomass
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Average Cost of Urban & Suburban Non-Government Buildings
Administrative
18%
Cleaning
19%
Grounds/Security
10%
Repair/Maintenance
23%
Utilities
30%
Annual Operating Expenses in Percent
Data based on 2000 BOMA Exchange Report
Data based on 2000 BOMA
Exchange
Report
Annual
Operating
Expenses in Percent
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Energy Costs
$7
$1,800,000 Savings over 7
Years
$6
$6.86
Millions
$5
$5.08
$4
$3.91
$2.27
$3
$3.13
$2.61
$2
$6.36
$2.10
$2.42
$1
$4.71
$3.62
$2.90
S2
$0
1
2
3
4
Year
S1
5
Existing
With Energy Management
Manufacturing Facility
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
6
7
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
U.S. Petroleum Consumption and Imports
18.68
18.62
19.66
19.23
Millions of Barrels per Day
20
15
Imports
US Consumption
10
9.16
9.64
10.03
10.63
5
US Consumption
0
1997
Imports
1998
Years
1999
2000 *
Values for Year 2000
Projected
Source: DOE Energy Information Administration
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Energy Source
Natural Gas
28%
Petroleum
31%
Coal
24%
Source: Energy Information Administration
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Electricity
17%
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
End-Use Sector
Residential
20%
Commercial
15%
Transportation
27%
Industrial
38%
Source: Energy Information Administration
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Typical Fluorescent Lamp Life Cycle Cost
Recycling
1%
Material
6%
Labor
5%
Energy
88%
One 4 Foot 2-Lamp T-8 Electronic Ballast Fixture (59 Watts)
Typical 4000 Hours of Operation per Year
Annual Operating Cost $10.62 at ($0.045/kWh)
5 Year Lifetime Operating Cost $60.36
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Motor Life Cycle Cost - 5HP
Motor Price
0.68%
$234
Labor Cost
2.33%
$800
Energy Cost
96.99%
$33,320
Continuous Operating 90.2% Efficient
Initial Purchase Price of Motor $234.00
Annual Operating Cost $1,666 at ($0.046/kWh)
20 Year Lifetime Operating Cost $33,320
Power Correction Systems, Inc.
Energy Efficiency Guidelines
Thank You !
For your time and interest in
Power Correction Systems
1800 S. Robertson Blvd. PMB 419, Los Angeles, CA 90035
Phone: 310 247-4848 Fax: 310 273-7719
E-mail:
[email protected]
Brahm Segal;
Power Correction Systems, Inc.