Transcript PESTICIDE REGULATION Paul Andre Missouri Department of

PESTICIDES
and
Pest Management
Paul Andre
Missouri Department of Agriculture
Pesticide Program
Regulatory Alphabet Soup
EPANPSMCL
HALTMDLNRCS
FIFRASDWACWA
MDNRFQPAMDA
Questions
• MCLs Set Correctly?
• Who Pays for Water Quality?
• Significance of PPM,PPB,PPT?
Pesticide Laws
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FIFRA
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Missouri Pesticide Use Act
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Missouri Pesticide Registration Act
Pesticide Laws
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FIFRA is the federal law that regulates
pesticide registration, use of restricted use
pesticides and the certification of pesticide
applicators
Missouri Pesticide Use Act is the Missouri
statute that regulates the use of all pesticides
and certification of pesticide applicators in
Missouri
Missouri Pesticide Registration Act is the state
statute that regulates the registration and sale
of pesticides in Missouri
Water Quality Laws
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CWA
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SDWA
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FQPA
Water Quality Laws
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Clean Water Act gives EPA the
authority to protect the waters of
the U.S.
Safe Drinking Water Act sets a
standard that water must meet
before it can be commercially sold
Food Quality Protection Act limits the
allowable human pesticide exposure
FQPA
The Risk Cup Concept
• Each use of a pesticide contributes
a specific amount of exposure (risk)
to humans. This is compared to the
acceptable amount of risk (risk cup)
which can not be exceeded.
• If a pesticide has multiple uses,
priority would be given to specific
uses, e.g., crop production. As the
risk cup fills, lower priority uses
may be eliminated.
Before FQPA, each risk cup related
only to the risks associated with food
crops.
Under FQPA the risk cup must include
risks associated with all uses including
food, drinking water, use in and around
homes, right-of-ways, golf courses, etc.
If two or more pesticides affect human
health similarly, the concept of “cumulative
risk” is applied.
FQPA requires the pesticides share a
common risk cup.
If the pesticide effects children’s health, a
10X margin of safety is used (the risk cup is
smaller).
Agricultural Tools?
Low Cost
High Quality
Food Supply
Pesticides
Pesticides
Public Health Tools?
Insect Control
Disease Control
Vector Control
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Anticipates and prevents damage
Combines tactics
Improves effectiveness
Reduces side effects
Relies on identification,measurement,
assessment,and knowledge
Integrated Pest Management
IPM: a balanced, tactical approach
•Maintains balanced ecosystems
•Pesticides may be ineffective or not
needed
•Promotes a healthy environment
•Saves money
•Maintains a good public image
Why Practice IPM?
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Identify the pest and know its biology
Monitor and survey for pests
Set IPM goal: prevent, suppress, eradicate
Implement
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Select control strategies
Timing
Economics
Environmental impacts
Regulatory restrictions
 Evaluate
IPM Decisions
•Is it a pest, beneficial, or just there?
•Study pest biology
Pest classification
Life cycle
Over-wintering stage
Damage impacts
Environmental needs
Vulnerable control stages/timing
Components of IPM
Identify and Understand
•Use scouting, trapping, weather data, models
•Economics or aesthetics trigger need for action
Pest population
Beneficial population
Geographic location
Plant variety
Plant type & stage of growth
Cost of control measure(s)
Value of plant or crop
Components of IPM
Monitor the Pest
• Prevention: weed-free seed, resistant
plants, sanitation, exclusion, pesticide
treatments
• Suppression (reduction): cultivation,
biological control, pesticides
• Eradication (elimination): small, confined
areas, or government programs
Components of IPM
Develop the IPM Goal
•Make sure you have taken initial steps
Identification and monitoring
Set action thresholds
Know what control strategies will work
•Select effective and least harmful methods!
•Observe local, state, federal regulations!
Components of IPM
Implement the IPM Program
• Know what worked and what did not
• Some aspects may be slow to yield
results
• Might be ineffective or damaging to the
target crop, beneficial insects, etc.
• Use gained knowledge in future planning
efforts
Components of IPM
Record and Evaluate Results
Pesticide Use Considerations
• Identify the pest and select the
appropriate product
– old or new infestation
• Avoid developing resistant pest
populations
• If using pesticides, use the correct
application rate (dose) and timing
• Read and Follow the LABEL!
Pesticide Resistance
The ability of a pest to tolerate a
pesticide that once controlled it
Intensive pesticide use kills susceptible pests in a
population, leaving some resistant ones to
reproduce
 Use of similar modes of action
 Frequency of applications
 Persistence of the chemical
 Pest rate of reproduction & offspring numbers
Resistance Management
 Do not use products repeatedly
that have similar modes of action
 Allow some pests to survive
Limit treatment areas
Consider using lower dosages
 Use caution: new compounds having
very specific actions - may develop
resistance more quickly
 Use non-chemical means to control
resistant pest populations
Solution?
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Regulatory
Approach?
Solution?
Cooperative, Voluntary,
Community (Watershed)Based Approach?
Pesticide Program
Missouri Dept. of Agriculture
P.O. Box 630
Jefferson City, MO 65102
573.751.5504(V)
573.751.0005(F)
www.mda.state.mo.us