Transcript Slide 1
Contents
• • • • • • • • • •
Election of 1928, 1932, 1936 Flow charts of causes and reversing spiral of Great Depression Graphs of stock market and unemployment in the 1930s Dust Bowl Election of 1932 and links to FDR inaugural address New Deal Programs Fireside Chats (link to audio of 1 st fireside chat) Critics of FDR Social Security Movies, radio and the arts of the 1930s
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• • •
(R) Herbert Hoover
– –
Food Administration WWI Secretary of Commerce
(D) Al Smith (corner)
– –
Governor of New York 1 st Irish Catholic to run for White House
Advantage?
–
Republican prosperity in the 1920s ensure easy victory for Hoover
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Causes of the Depression
Demand drops.
Fewer goods are sold .
People lose their jobs.
In order to stay in business companies cut wages
The Spiral Of Depression
Even more people Lose their confidence And spend less money People lose their confidence & start saving their money Demand drops even further.
Companies are forced to cut costs
Stock Market Crash of 1929
• • • •
The Dow Jones Industrial Average plummeted on October 29, 1929.
$14 billion was lost in one day.
Stock Market will not recover for decades.
Unofficial start of the Great Depression.
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Great Depression in the Cities
• • In cities across the country people: –
lost their jobs
–
Were evicted from their houses
–
Ended up living on the street.
Shantytowns, soup kitchens and bread lines appeared
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People waiting in line for bread and soup and also living out of their car.
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• • •
Farmers in the Midwest had over farmed the soil.
Drought conditions led to 100 of acres of soil being “blown away.” These ‘black blizzards’ lasted from 1933 to 1939 .
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• •
WW I vets marched on Washington DC.
Demanded the bonus that was due in 1945 be paid presently.
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Bonus Army in DC…
• Congress refused their demands.
• Gen. MacArthur broke up the marchers and had their shanty town burned to the ground.
• Public relations disaster for President Hoover.
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Hoover FDR
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What were we thinking?
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Key Quotes: FDR’s Inauguration Speech This Nation asks for action, and action now. Our greatest primary task is to put people to work. I shall ask Congress for broad executive power to wage was against the emergency.
Link to:
•
Text of Speech
•
Video
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• • • •
Series of radio addresses by FDR 30 total between 1933 to 1944 FDR used these to calm American people down.
CLICK on the radio to link to hear the 1 st chat on the Bank Crisis
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FDR and the New Deal
• •
During the presidential campaign of 1932, FDR promised Americans a NEW DEAL.
This would be his program to get America back on its feet.
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Goals of New Deal Program
1. Relief
Help people right away
2. Recovery
Get the US out of the Depression
3. Reform
Make sure another depression does not happen
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New Deal:
Relief
• • • • • •
Federal Emergency Relief Association (FERA) Civil Works Administration (CWA) Public Works Administration (PWA) Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) Farm Credit Association (FCA) Homeowners Loan Corporation (HOLC)
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New Deal:
Recovery
• • • • •
Works Progress Administration (WPA) National Recovery Administration (NRA) Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) National Youth Administration (NYA) Federal Housing Act (FHA)
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New Deal:
Reform
• • • • •
Federal Deposit Insurance Company (FDIC) Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Wagner Act (NLRB) Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) Social Security
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Reversing the Spiral of Depression
Alphabet Agencies More Jobs More Spending Demand for goods increases More goods have to be produced Government Spending $ Cycle Democrats called of Prosperity!
More people with Jobs = more pay $ More Pay = More Taxes More Jobs More goods have to be produced Demand for goods increases More Spending 36
FDR and the Supreme Court
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Court Packing….
• • • •
The Supreme Court struck down several New Deal laws as unconstitutional.
FDR wanted to increase the size of the court from 9 to 15.
–
Would appoint justices who were pro-New Deal Congress did not agree with FDR.
This hurt FDR’s image.
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• • •
Huey Long
FDR was
NOT
doing enough for the
poor
.
Long pushed his “
Share Our Wealth
” program.
Take all income over $1,000,000 to give:
– –
House Car
– –
Annual Salary For all Americans
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Dr. Francis Townshend
• • •
FDR was
NOT
doing enough for
old people
.
Proposed a $200 a month pension to everyone over 60.
This was good for (2) reasons:
– –
$$ to boost economy Open a job up for a younger American
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Charles Coughlin
•
FDR had NOT enough….
done
•
Fr. Coughlin felt that FDR did not take on the
powerful bankers
United States.
in the
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Used the radio to blast FDR and became known as the “ Radio Priest”.
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Liberty League
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FDR had gone
TO FAR
with the New Deal.
•
Interfering with business and people’s lives.
•
Government was taking away freedoms from Americans.
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Social Security Act of 1935
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How is Social Security funded?
Social Security Trust Fund
Workers Employers
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Social Security
Unemployment Insurance
Old Age Pension
Dependent Families + Disabled
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• • •
October 30, 1938 Orson Wells performed HG Wells classic over the radio.
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Made Wells famous Caused a panic because people thought Martians were invading
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Link to listen to the radio broadcast.
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• •
Famous painting entitled “American Gothic”.
Best known for his paintings depicting the rural American Midwest.
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Folk singer during the Depression His personal and musical styles were deeply influenced by his childhood in rural Oklahoma during the Great Depression years.
This Land is Your Land
famous song – CLICK HERE to listen to song on YouTube
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Classical novel written by John Steinbeck in 1939.
Focuses on a poor family of sharecroppers :
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Driven from their home by the drought
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They head to California looking for a better life
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What will end the Great Depression?
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America’s entry into World War II
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