Transcript Slide 1

Strengthening Capacity for Propoor Governance in the Provision
of Water and Sanitation Services
in Small Urban Centres
Examples from Asia
Andre Dzikus
Programme manager
Water for Asian Cities Programmes
UN-HABITAT Water for Asian Cities Programme
Definition of Water and Sanitation
Governance
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Governance refers to the range of political,
organizational and administrative processes
through which communities articulate their
interests, their input is absorbed, decisions
are made and implemented, and decision
makers are held accountable in the
development and management of water
resources and delivery of water and
sanitation services. (adapted from Bakker
2003)
Water for Asian Cities Programme
Principles of Water and Sanitation
Governance
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Approaches should be:
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Performance and operation should be:
• Open and transparent
• Inclusive and communicative
• Coherent and integrative
• Equitable
• Accountable
• Efficient
• Responsive and Sustainable
Water for Asian Cities Programme
Pro-poor Water and Sanitation
Governance
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The outcome of Good Urban Governance
is that all citizens, especially the poor,
have access to water and sanitation
services of adequate quality and
quantity.
Governments do not necessarily have to
supply this service, but it does imply
that Government has to work to ensure
that the service is provided in an
adequate manner.
Water for Asian Cities Programme
UN-HABITAT’s Pro-poor
Governance Approach in India
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The need for civil society to be
involved and to influence
priorities and investments
Specific attention to women,
adolescents girls and boys,
children and marginalised
groups
Mechanisms for the most
vulnerable to articulate their
interests and holds government
and providers accountable
Importance of a regulatory
framework that protects
providers and consumers alike
Services need to be responsive,
affordable and sustainable
Water for Asian Cities Programme
Stakeholders in Pro-poor Water
and Sanitation Governance
Water for Asian Cities Programme
A Framework for Pro-poor Water
and Sanitation Governance in Asia
Government
Service Providers Consumers
Multi-stakeholder Fora
Mapping the Poor
Regulatory
Capacity building Capacity
frameworks and to empower ULBs building to
Rights-based
to provide
empower
approach
services to the
communities
poor
Demonstration of provision of services to the poor
Participatory monitoring of improvement in
services
Water for Asian Cities Programme
Multi Stakeholder Fora
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State Programme Steering
Committee that includes city
governments, NGOs, CBOs,
Academic Institutions, ADB and
UN-HABITAT periodically
reviews the programme and
plans the activities biannually.
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Regular interaction with other
international agencies such as
DFID, UNICEF, WSP and others
has helped in creating more
synergy for promoting pro-poor
investments and developing
pro-poor policies.
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Self-help Groups particularly
women involved in decision
making are helping
mainstreaming gender.
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Regular interactions with other
state departments particularly
department of Education and
Health to address issues such
as HVWSHE and HIV/AIDS.
Each project city in MP now has
an HVWSHE Classroom
Water for Asian Cities Programme
Mapping of Poverty and
Poverty Pockets
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Methodologies developed, tested & adopted for Mapping the Poor
in India and Nepal
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20 indicators used to classify the poor by determining the standard
of living.
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Three stage approach for identifying the poor included
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City level Poverty Pocket Situation Analysis (PPSA)
Intra-slum Inequity Surveys (Spatial through GIS) of selected slums
Base line individual households surveys of selected slums.
Municipal Action Plan for Povertyalleviation (MAPP) adopted as an
instrument for slum level intervention
to prioritize the slums for investment
based on poverty and environmental
infrastructure deficiency matrix.
Water for Asian Cities Programme
Regulatory Frameworks for Good
Water & Sanitation Governance
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Focus on good governance in tandem with better management
through sectoral reforms of policies.
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Basic Services to the Urban Poor (BSUP) under JNNURM
introduced for all towns in India with a special focus on
marginalized and disadvantaged groups.
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Pro-poor Tariff Rationalization.
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Area development funds and community development funds
set up in Madhya Pradesh to ensure inclusiveness and
involvement of all relevant actors including women.
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JNNURM gives highest priority to investments in water and
sanitation to ensure full coverage in next 6 years.
Water for Asian Cities Programme
Capacity building in Urban Local
Bodies (ULBs)
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Training and Capacity building for Municipal Corporators and
Policy-makers at ASCI India
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Capacity building in GIS Applications at Indian Institute of Remote
Sensing, Dehradun, India
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Capacity building Programmes in Financial Management including
Tariff Rationalization and Accounting Reforms at NIFM India
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Capacity building programmes for policymakers and ULB technical staff to
implement WDM
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Capacity building for environmental
sanitation and solid waste management
planned
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Benchmarking, Monitoring & Evaluation,
Knowledge Sharing programmes planned
Water for Asian Cities Programme
Subsidies & other Fiscal Incentives for
the poor for accessing Services
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Low connection charges for
households below poverty line.
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Charges payable through easy
and affordable installments.
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Financial support mechanisms
through Community
Development Fund and Area
Development Fund.
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The two Funds have been
established to ensure spatial
distribution of benefits of
WATSAN investments for the
poor communities.
Water for Asian Cities Programme
Revolving Water & Sanitation
Funds – An Instrument of the Poor
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RF operated through
NGO with CBO help
Matching
contribution by each
household
CBO lends money
based on locally
agreed principles.
Revolving
Funds
NGO ensures that the recipients of the Funds
return the amount which is further given to
the new Households
Water for Asian Cities Programme
Revolving Water & Sanitation
Funds under WAC Programme
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A revolving sanitation fund for
the construction of individual
household toilets set up in
India
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Another revolving fund for
community managed water
supply scheme established.
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In Lao PDR revolving fund for
water connection and latrine
construction set up
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Revolving funds enable poor to
avail credit for accessing
WATSAN services.
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Revolving funds also create demand for services and
strengthen CBOs to actively participate to avail
services and make them affordable.
Water for Asian Cities Programme
Focus on Sectoral Reforms for
Revenue Enhancement
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WAC Programme in Asia focuses on public
awareness and advocacy for reduction in
non-revenue water and enhancement of
revenues so as to cross subsidise services
to the poor.
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Better revenue collections also aim at paying
back the loan of the ongoing projects.
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Reduction in non-revenue water shall also
enhance equitable distribution and making
more water available for the poor.
Water for Asian Cities Programme
Capacity Building of Communities
 Training of Self-help Groups
by WaterAid for
implementation of SESI
project
 Capacity building
programmes for both men &
women by MCM to
implement gender
mainstreaming strategy
 Capacity building programmes for school teachers by CEE to
implement HVWSHE Classrooms Project.
 Capacity building programmes by SGSITS & TERI for
implementation of WDM
 Capacity building programmes by CWAST in Lao PDR
Water for Asian Cities Programme
Pilot Demonstration Projects
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Slums Environmental Sanitation
Initiative covering 20,000 households
in four project cities with WaterAid &
Local Governments Cooperation.
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An Integrated approach to
environmental sanitation, waste
management and health & hygiene
education.
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Community Managed Water Supply
Scheme (CMWSS) to improve the lives
of the urban poor through safe piped
drinking water.
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Pilot & demonstration projects in periurban centres of Kathmandu Valley and
small towns (Thimi, Banepa and
Dhulikhel).
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Demo projects for promotion of
rainwater harvesting planned.
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Demo projects for water demand
management planned in India & Nepal
Water for Asian Cities Programme
Participatory Monitoring
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Demonstration projects like
SESI and CMWSS and
Municipal Action Poverty Plan
provide mechanisms for
systematic monitoring of
progress in terms of
achievements, trends and short
falls in the provision of services
for the urban poor.
SESI has helped in generating more demand for piped water and
CMWSS has resulted in creating greater demand for improved
sanitation facilities.
Implementation of Gender Mainstreaming Strategy (GMS) at the city
level will also ensure regular monitoring of progress towards
achieving Millennium Goal Targets in the water and sanitation sector
at local level.
Capacity building programmes for GMS have created greater
awareness and is forcing city governments to adopt a Rights-based
approach for provision of water and sanitation services.
Water for Asian Cities Programme