Transcript National Diploma in Agriculture

Antibiotics in Milk
• What are the food safety hazards?
• What are the food quality hazards?
• Are there other hazards?
Antibiotics in Milk
Food Safety Hazards
• Sensitivity and allergic reactions
• Bacterial resistance to antibitiotics
Food Quality Hazards
• Inhibit bacterial activity in cheese/yoghurt
Other Hazards
• Image/reputation
• Financial consequences
Types of antibiotics
• Dry cow antibiotics
– Used at drying off
– Oil-based/high antibiotic concentration
– Last for approximately 56 days
• Milking cow antibiotics
– Used during lactation
– Water based/low antibiotic concentration
– Last for approximately 3 days
Risk of antibiotic contamination of milk
High
High
Fresh calvers
Drying off
Low
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
Class Exercise
• How do antibiotics end up in milk bulk
tanks?
How problem occurs
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Fresh calvers – dry cow therapy
Freshly dried off cows – accident
Other antibiotics – foot treatment etc
Weekend milking – change in milkers
Hired labour
Dump bucket/dump line
Poor cow identification
Antibiotics in milk
- reasons why it happens
• Poor identification
40%
• Improper withholding times
23%
• Poor separation of cows
19%
Class Exercise
What steps can farmers take to prevent
residues occurring in milk?
Preventing antibiotics in milk
Follow product instructions
• Read the label
• Is it the right medicine
• How is it to be given – eg intramuscuar
• What is the correct dose
• How often should the treatment be given
• What is the withdrawal period
Clear cow identification
Must be clear identification system for
treated cows
• Spray paint – udder /legs
• Tape on leg/tail
• Ankle straps
Isolation/ Separation
If practical isolate or separate treated cows
• Run dry cows as a separate group
• Milk treated cow last
Class Exercise
• What records are needed for treated
cows?
Records
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Whiteboard/blackboard
Explanation of identification system
Cow number and quarter treated
Date & time of treatment
Legal Requirement to complete Animal Remedies Register
Awareness
Make sure all milkers are aware of what
cows are treated by:
• Telling
• Writing details on a whiteboard
• Writing a note
Do not assume that other milkers know or
understand how the system works
Dump Buckets
Care with dump buckets/ dump lines
• Ensure bucket is big enough
• Make sure that dumplines are diverted
from bulk tank.
Dry Cows
• Check withdrawal period of antibiotic
• Make sure interval between calving drying
off is longer than withdrawal period – or be
sure milk is withheld after calving
• Clear long lasting identification mark
• Separate dry cows from milking cows
Fresh calvers
• Check treatment details of all freshly
calved cows
• If a cow calves inside the withdrawal date
check the date that milk can enter the bulk
tank.
• Make sure that all milkers are aware of
milk re-entry date
Withholding Times for Dry Cow Tubes
Product Name
Minimum
Dry Period
Withholding
time after
calving
Bovaclox DC xtra
Bovoclox DC
Cepravin Dry Cow
Chanamast DC
4C Dry Cow
Kloxerate Plus DC
Kloxerate DC extra
Leo Red Dry Cow
Nafpenzal Dry Cow
Neobiotic Dry Cow
Noroclo x Dry Cow
Orbenin Dry Cow
Tetradelta DC
Osmonds Teat Seal
49 days +
45 days +
51days +
28 days +
28 days +
45 days +
49 days +
28 days +
28 days +
28 days +
28 days +
28 days +
30 days +
28 days +
96 hours
96 hours
96 hours
96 hours
84 hours
96 hours
96 hours
84 hours
108 hours
96 hours
60 hours
96 hours
84 hours
96 hours
Please check actual withdrawal date stated
on product label for above products.
Warning: These
witholding times may
have changed.
Withholding Times for Lactating Cow Tubes
Product Name
Cepramycin MC
Chanamast LC
Erythrocin Intra
Interkan
KloxeratePlusMC
Lactaclox
Leo Yellow MC
Mutiject
Nafpenzal MC
Noroclox QR
Orbenin
PendicloxLC
Synlox LC
Terramycin Intra
Tetra Delta MC
Vetimast
Withdrawal
Period
for Milk
96 hours
72 hours
36 hours
96 hours
72 hours
72 hours
84 hours
72 hours
84 hours
60 hours
84 hours
60 hours
56 hours
72 hours
72 hours
96 hours
Please check actual
withdrawal date
stated on product
label for above
products.
Warning:
These
witholding
times may
have changed.
Antibiotics in milk
- reducing the incidence
• Reduce mastitis incidence
• Separate dry cows from milking cows
• Improve identification of treated cows
Other Residue Hazards
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Other medicines – e.g. fluke doses
Feed contamination – e.g. pesticides
Moulds & Mycotoxins – mouldy silage
Detergents, cleaning agents –
Taint: certain feeds, farm disinfectants
A Hazard Anaylsis Approach
• Hazard: Residues in Milk (Chemical hazard)
• Source: Antibiotic
• Critical Control: do not let antibiotic milk into milk
tank
• Procedures/controls: withdrawal dates
cow identification
dump buckets/line
• Records: Whiteboard, medicine records