Transcript Jerusalem-The Holy Land

Jerusalem-The Holy Land
Presented ByNick Antonelli, Connor Laughlin, Joe Nally,
and Ben Thompson for Section 2 of Religions
of the Book.
Contents
• History of Jerusalem
• Significance of the Holy Land in:
– The Hebrew Bible
– The New Testament
– The Qur’an
Terms to know
• Holy Land- refers to the land of Israel/ the
Promised Land.
• Jerusalem- A city in the Holy Land. Holiest
city to Jews and Christians, highly
regarded for Muslims
• Temple Mount- Holy site in Jerusalem. Site
of Abrahams sacrifice, 1st and 2nd Temples,
future site of 3rd Temple, Dome of the Rock
and the Al-Aqsa Mosque.
Pre Jewish Jerusalem
• Settlements in Jerusalem date as far back
as the 4th millennium BCE
• Earliest written records are as far back as
the 19th century BCE
• Was inhabited by a Canaanite tribe called
the Jebusites until the 11th century BCE
First Temple Jerusalem
• King David conquered the city in the 10th century and
gave the city its name of Jerusalem or Yerushalayim
• David’s reign ended around 970 BCE
• Solomon took over at this point and built the first temple
• The sight of this first temple is a sacred place for
Muslims, Jews and Christians as the last known resting
place of the Ark of the Covenant
• Soon after Solomon died the kingdom split into two parts
• Jerusalem remained the capitol of the Kingdom of Judea
• 586 BCE the Babylonians conquered the Kingdom of
Judea and destroyed its temple
Second Temple Jerusalem
• 538 BCE the Jews were
allowed to return to Judea
• In 19 BCE the Temple Mount
was elevated and work began
on an expansion of the second
temple under Herod the Great
• The Temple Mount is one of
the most contested spots in the
world
• In 6 CE the city came under
the direct control of the
Romans
• Roman rule was challenged
with the Great Jewish Revolt
– led to the destruction of the
second temple in 70 CE
Jerusalem in the Hebrew Bible
• Spiritual center for Jewish world.
• Located in land God promised to Abraham
(Canaan).
• Site of Abrahams sacrifice of Isaac, as
well as sight of 1st and 2nd Temples (where
Dome of the Rock is).
The Holy Land and Abraham
• *Gen 12:1-9, *15:1821- God’s Covenant
with Abraham (about
1800 BCE).
• *Gen 22:1-3- The
sacrifice of Isaac (in
land of Moriah, also
thought to be site of
Dome of the Rock).
Conquest of Jerusalem
• 1030 BCE- Saul becomes
1st ruler of a united
Kingdom of Israel.
• *2 Sam 5:6-12-David
becomes king after Saul’s
death. In 1000 BCE he
takes over Jebusite city
of Jerusalem and claims
it as the capitol
Solomon’s Temple and the
Babylonian Exile
• *2 Sam 7:1-17- God tells David that his heir will build a
house in His name, the 1st Temple (actually built 970
BCE).
• *2 Kings 25:1-12- King Nebuchadnezzar, of Babylon,
destroys city of Jerusalem along with 1st Temple in 587.
Rebuilding Jerusalem
• Zec 1:14-17- God forgives
the people of Jerusalem
and chooses them (again)
to be his people and
Jerusalem to be his city.
• *Neh 2:11-20- Nehemiah
begins rebuilding Jerusalem
so it will “no longer be an
object of derision” between
520 and 515 BCE.
Jerusalem in the New TestamentLuke 21
• Destruction of the temple is foretold
-Nation will rise against nation
-Kingdom against Kingdom
-Earthquakes
-Famines
-Plagues
• The kingdom of God will come
• Luke 21:29-33- Story of the fig tree
Luke 24:33-35
• Resurrection of Jesus
• Appearance to the
two travelers
• Meeting with the
disciples in Jerusalem
• Appearance to the
group
John 2:13-25
• Found people who
sold oxen, sheep, and
doves, as well as
money-changers
• Made a whip to drive
them out
• Keeping clean the
holy place of God
John 11:55-57
• Going to Jerusalem to
purify themselves
• Expecting Jesus to
come purify them
Jerusalem and the Islamic Faith
• Islam precedes all
religions, according to
tradition, and shares
roots in Judaism and
Christianity, with all three
having strong religious
ties to the city of
Jerusalem.
• Jerusalem is said to be
the third holiest city in the
Islamic faith, behind the
cities of Makkah and
Madinah, respectively.
Al-Aqsa Mosque & The Dome of
the Rock
• Jerusalem is home to
two major Islamic holy
sites: Al-Aqsa
Mosque, or the
Temple Mount, and
the Dome of the
Rock.
Al-Aqsa Mosque
• The Temple Mount
(Masjid al-Aqsa)
– Known as “The
Farthest Mosque”, it is
located in East
Jerusalem.
– Has progressively
expanded over time,
but is still constructed
over the original
mosque that
Muhammad
worshipped.
Al-Aqsa Mosque
• The Mi’raj
– During Muhammad’s Mi’raj,
he was first taken to the AlAqsa Mosque by the angel
Gabriel.
• Qur’an, Surah 17:1
– Some scripture in the
Qu’ran has been
interpreted to mean that
the journey was only a
divine dream.
• Qu’ran, Surah 17:60
Al-Aqsa Mosque
• The First Qibla
– Before Muslims began
facing Makkah, they
first directed their
prayer at the Al-Aqsa
Mosque.
• Qu’ran, Surah 2:142150
Dome of the Rock
• A holy site built around
the rock where it is
believed that Muhammad
was taken into heaven by
the angel Gabriel during
his Mi’raj.
– Muslims believe that
Abraham nearly sacrificed
his son Ishmael, not Isaac,
in what is now the stretch
of desert in Saudi Arabia,
called Mina.
Roman/Byzantine Jerusalem
• Second Jewish Revolt 132-135
– led by Bar Kokhba
• Romans sacked the city and
destroyed the temple
• Massive Roman reconstruction
of Jerusalem in 135 CE under
Emperor Hadrian
• Under Constantine I Jerusalem
became a center for
Christianity
• Built the Church of the Holy
Sepulchre on the sight of
Calvary (previously a temple to
Venus there)
Muslim Control
• Caliph Umar ibn alKhattāb conquered
Jerusalem in 638 CE
• Allowed Jews and
Christians to live there in
return for a tax
• Caliph Abd al-Malik
commissioned and
completed the Dome of
the Rock by the end of
the 7th century
The Crusades
• In 1099 Jerusalem was taken
by the First Crusade
• The Crusaders slaughtered
most of the Muslim and Jewish
inhabitants
• Saladin conquered Jerusalem
in 1187
• Was much more peaceful in
his conquest, killed no civilians
after the battle
• Various powers controlled the
city in the next few centuries
British/Israeli Control
• The British Army captured the city after the
Battle of Jerusalem in 1917
• 1922 the League of Nations entrusted the British
Empire to help establish a State of Israel
• 1947 the UN partition plan recommended that
certain sites remain internationally governed
– Big controversy to this day about this
– Never went into effect and so the State of Israel and
Jordan took half of the city each
• In 1967 Israel captured the other half of the city
in the Six-Day War