Transcript Laboratory Medicine and Its Contribution to Clinical Care

LABORATORY MEDICINE AND
ITS CONTRIBUTION TO
CLINICAL CARE; A HISTORICAL
PERSPECTIVE
Laurette Geldenhuys
Dalhousie University
CDHA, Halifax
Declaration of Conflict of Interest
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None
Objectives
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At the end of the presentation participants will have
an enhanced understanding of
 The
historical development of laboratory medicine,
including
 Surgical
Pathology
 Cytopathology
 Autopsy Pathology
 The
important role of laboratory medicine in the
advancement of clinical care over the last century
Egyptian Era
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Edwin Smith Papyrus –
17th century BCE
Papyrus Ebers – 1550
BCE
Bone injury
Trachoma
Ulcerating lumps –
cancer?
Parasites
Greek Era
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Hippocrates of Cos –
460 – 370 BCE
Humoural theory of the
nature of disease
Crab-like growth of
cancer
Inflammation
Haemorrhoids
Malaria
Tuberculosis
Roman Era
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Cornelius Celsus – 30
BCE – 38 CE
De Re Medicina –
1478 – first medical
book ever printed
“Notae vero
inflammationis sunt
quatuor, rubor et tumor,
cum calore et dolore”
Roman Era
Galen
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129 – 201 CE
Pergamus, Asia Minor
Temple of Asclepius
500 books
Seats of Disease;
Abnormal Tumours
Sarcoma – raw meat
Bloodletting
Fifth sign of
inflammation – loss of
function/throbbing
Humoural theory
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Four elements and
humours
 Fire
– yellow bile
 Earth – black bile
 Water – phlegm
 Air – blood
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Four qualities
 Hot,
dry, wet, cold
Arab Medicine
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Avicenna – 980 –
1037 CE
Canon Medicinae
Influenced by Galen
Europe
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Monasteries
Italian universities
Pathology as a Specialty
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Antonio Benivieni –
1443 – 1502
Florence
Case histories, autopsies
De Abditis Nunnullis ac
Mirandis Morborum et
Sanctionum Causis –
About the Hidden
Causes of Disease
Terms “Pathology” and Physiology”
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Jean Fernel – 1497 –
1558
Paris
Morbis Universalibus
Blood circulation
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William Harvey –
1578 – 1657
De Motu Cordis et
Sanguinis
Demise of humoural
theory
Microscope
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Hans and Sacharias
Janssen – 1580 –
1638
Robert Hooke – 1635
– 1703 – cell
Antony van
Leeuwenhoek – 1632
– 1723
Giovanni Batista Morgagni
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1682 – 1771
De Sedibus et Causis Morborum per Anatomen
Indagatis – About the Seats and Causes of Disease
Through Anatomical Investigation
640 autopsies, clinicopathologic correlation
Colposcopy
Sinus of Morgagni; Columns of Morgagni; Foramina
of Morgagni; Hydatid of Morgagni; Morgagni's
hernia