Transcript CARACTERISTICI ALE PROCESULUI DE RESTITUIRE A TERENURILOR

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
FOREST FUND RESTITUTION
PROCESS IN TRANSITION
COUNTRIES: THE IMPACT ON
RURAL COMMUNITIES
THE GEOGRAPHIC CONTEXT
Mădălina Teodora Andrei
INTRODUCTION
The present project focussed on two rural
communities which have a tradition in
forestry exploitation;
The two communities are the communes :
Chiojdu (Buzău County) and Dorna
Candrenilor (Suceava County);
Geographic conditions permit the
development of extended forested areas.
GEOGRAPHIC POSITION
CHIOJDU
Chiojdu Commune is
situated in the Curvature
Subcarpathians area, at
the north-west limit of
Buzău County, in Chiojdu
Depression at the foot of
Siriu Mountains;
The northernmost point of
Chiojdu Commune is Siriu
Peak (1654m) in the
Curvature Carpathians;
The highest altitude in the
commune is Cătiaşu Peak
– 780 m.
GEOGRAPHIC POSITION
DORNA CANDRENILOR
Dorna Candrenilor
Commune is situated in
the western part of
Suceava County, on
Dorna Valley, at the
contact between the
Dorna Depression and
the surrounding
mountain area, in the
southern part of Suhard
Mountains;
The average altitude
varies between 820-890
m;
The maximum altitude is
reached in the Ouşorul
Peak (1639 m).
RELIEF CARACTERISTICS
CHIOJDU
Siriu Mountains, appear as
a well individualized
mountain unit. They are
surrounded by lower areas
such as Chiojdu
Depression;
Siriu Massif reaches over
1600 m in its two main
peaks: Mălâia (1663 m)
and Siriu (1659 m);
Alpine meadows and small
lakes could also be found
on the plateaus of this
forested massif.
RELIEF CARACTERISTICS
CHIOJDU
The Subcarpathian area of
Chiojdu Commune is
superimposed over
Cornetu Hill;
It is a region intensely
degraded by gully errosion;
The maximum altitudes are
reached in the peaks of
Cornetu (827 m) and
Cetăţuie (713 m).
RELIEF CARACTERISTICS
DORNA CANDRENILOR
The mountains that
constitute the Suhard Massif
take the form of a long body,
dominated by several peaks
which reach over 1600 m in
altitude: Omu (1931 m),
Suhardu (1709 m), Ouşoru
(1639 m); the altitude
descends towards south, at
the limit with Dorna County;
Dorna Depression is
characterized by a plain or a
hilly relief, with an average
altitude of 800-900 m, and a
large opening towards the
West.
CLIMATIC CHARACTERISTICS
CHIOJDU
The commune has a
temperate continental
climate, with hilly climate
nuances;
The average yearly
temperature is of 8-10°C;
The yearly precipitation
average is of 600-700 mm;
There are favorable
conditions for temperature
inversions. They are
reflected by vegetation
inversions (the resinous
descend towards the lower
part of the slopes and the
deciduous are climbing
towards the peaks).
CLIMATIC CHARACTERISTICS
DORNA CANDRENILOR
The settlement has a
temperate continental
climate, with hilly climate
nuances;
The average yearly
temperature is of 8-10°C;
The yearly precipitation
average is of 600-800 mm;
The north-west winds blow
less violently because of
the shelter offered by the
mountains;
A special type of wind is
formed, called the ‘foehn’,
which determines
vegetation inversions on
the mountains slopes.
HYDROGRAPHIC
CHARACTERISTICS
CHIOJDU
The settlement is crossed
by Bâsca Chiojdului River,
which belongs to River
Buzău hidrographic basin;
Bâsca Chiojdului Basin
includes numerous
tributary rivers and springs;
A county road and four
secondary (communal)
roads provide accessibility
in the area.
DORNA CANDRENILOR
The settlement spreads
along Dorna River Valley,
river that belongs to Bistriţa
hydrographic basin;
There are approximately
40 mineral springs in the
area, one of the most
important being located in
this commune, at Poiana
Negri;
The accessibility in the
area is ensured by the river
which is accompanied by a
national road and a rail
road.
SOIL CHARACTERISTICS
Soil is influenced by various natural elements such as: relief,
bed rock, climate, vegetation etc.
Due to the fact that these factors are slightly different in the
two studied areas, the soil characteristics could be traced for
both settlements: Chiojdu and Dorna Candrenilor as follows:
Generally there are brown soils, that favour the
development of forests both of resinous and of deciduous
species, but also of pastures and of orchards;
On the river valleys river meadow soils are found; they are
favorable for cereal and fodder plant crops.
VEGETATION CHARACTERISTICS
Deciduous species are typical
in Choijdu commune and
resinous species in Dorna
Candrenilor. The forest covers
most part of the slopes in both
settlements. Deciduous
species are often mixed with
resinous species such as the
fir tree (Abies alba) and the
spruce fir (Picea excelsa);
The species with the widest
spread is the beech tree
(especially in Chiojdu
commune) (Fagus silvestris)
which extends, between 700
m and 1250-1300 m. It also
surpasses the limits in
association with oak species
(Quercus petraea) or, with the
spruce fir (Picea excelsa).
ADMINISTRATIVE
CHARACTERISTICS
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TOTAL AREA:
Chiojdu – 12841 ha,
Dorna Candrenilor – 40064
ha;
Inhabited area:
Chiojdu – > 68.000 sqm,
Dorna Candrenilor – >
74.000 sqm;
Agricultural area:
Chiojdu ~ 4400 ha,
Dorna Candrenilor ~ 9700
ha;
Forested area:
Chiojdu – 12841 ha,
Dorna Candrenilor – 40064
ha;
DEMOGRAPHIC
CHARACTERISTICS
Total population (2002):
 Chiojdu ~ 3850 inhabitants.
 Dorna Candrenilor ~ 4600 inhabitants.
The population of both communes are suffering a process of
demographic regression. This is the combined result of a low
birth rate and population movement from the area. People
leave these settlements for the nearby towns (Nehoiu, Vatra
Dornei) or to the big towns (Buzău, Suceava), and also to
foreign countries. Typically this migration is economically
driven
Another demographic feature of these populations are
population ageing and the growth of feminine population.
They have visible effects on the socioeconomic structure of
population.
SOCIOECONOMIC
CHARACTERISTICS
CHIOJDU
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Traditional occupations:
Sheep breeding containing
elements of pastoral culture;
Fruit growing;
Collecting forest fruits
(mushrooms, forest fruits,
medical plants);
Hunting and fishing;
Forestry exploitation (water
saws usage);
Artistic wood working;
Textile manufacturing art.
Traditional architecture:
Wooden houses, beautifully
worked, usually having more
than one level;
Often there are porches with
wooden sculpted pillars.
SOCIOECONOMIC
CHARACTERISTICS
DORNA CANDRENILOR
Traditional occupations:
- Wood exploitation and its transport
on water (“the rafters on Bistriţa”) –
wood factories in Dorna
Candrenilor and in Dealul Floreni;
- Sheep breeding (dairy industry
Dealul Floreni and La Dorna);
- Exploitation of mineral springs
(1898 – spa unit). There are 5
bottling units at Dorna Candrenilor,
Poiana Negri, Dealul Floreni,
Poiana Vinului, Poiana Coşnei.
Traditional architecture:
- The Bucovina style is
characterized by large one floor
wooden houses with numerous
rooms and beautiful external
decorations with stylized floral and
geometric figures.