Transcript Slide 1
The String Theory Is string theory the answer to finding a set of rules for the entire universe? Rule 1: The Universe The Theory of Relativity: According to Einstein Space and time are not rigid Space can bend Energy and Matter tells space how to bend Space tells matter how to move F21 = (GmM)/ r^2 G = 6.67 x 10-11Nm^2/kg^2 Rule 2: Quantum Physics Deals with the other three forces: Strong Force Force that holds the nucleus together Weak Force Force that transforms quarks Quarks are particles that make up protons and neutrons Electro-magnetic Force Forces between charges The Problem Two Rules for one world Fantastic Four There are Four Forces that control all the universe Gravity Weak Force Strong Force Electro-Magnetism Explaining how these four forces work TOGETHER in both the quantum world and the relativistic world is the challenge of modern day physicists. The String Theory History 1921 Kaluza-Klein Theory 1984 1970 Official Birth of String Theory 1974 Graviton is Discovered Perhaps this is the theory to unify all the forces Anomalies of String theory disappear allowing the string theory to be accepted by the populace 1990s String theory splits into 5 separate theories but is united under one M-Theory String Theory String theory is the theory that all the world is made of tiny string of energy that are vibrating in different patterns When string theory was first developed, there were 5 theories that came out of it. 4 theories worked in a 10 dimensional world and 1 theory worked in an 11 dimensional world Going from only two laws to five? M-Theory Known as the Mother, Matrix, Magic, Membrane, or Mystery Theory United the string theory stating that the 5 string theories were just different parts of this overall theory. More than 4 Dimensions? In order to completely explain all the movements of a string that could create the universe we live in, 10 and in some cases 11 dimensions are needed. The Four Dimensions we know of: Right/Left Up/Down Forward/Backwards Time Shadows on a Wall Cambridge University In order to explain the extra dimensions Think of yourself in a cave On the wall you see shadows that are two dimensional compared to the three dimensional world that you are in To explain extra dimensions think of yourself now as the shadow in a world of larger dimensions Parallel Universes The Elegant Universe, a education video by Brian Greene, explains these extra dimensions as Parallel Universes We can not pass through to these dimensions The Big Bang could possible the dimensions hitting one another These parallel dimensions are like slices of bread. Our universe is just one slice of bread in an entire loaf. Another Idea What if we were strings in another universe? Such that the strings in our universes could possibly be universes of their own. Strings, according to physicists, can stretch to form objects that look like flattened strings that have expanded towards their centers If we were a string in another universe and the strings in our universe were actually universes that would explain that when we get closer to the size of these strings we could detect more than just the 4 dimensions of our own world but the 3 or so of the universe in the string it’s self. Any ideas about this? Is this the Answer? Is the M-Theory the overall rule for the universe? At the moment it is just a pile of mathematical equations that work out eloquently. “Some say it's like a computer dropped into the 19th century. No one can figure out how it works because the science behind it hasn't yet been invented.” K.C. COLE, Times Science Writer Is this the Answer? (cont’) Brian Greene states it best saying, "Today's physicists are in possession of what may well be the Holy Grail of modern science, but they can't unleash its full predictive power until they succeed in writing the full instruction manual." Sources Included The PBS Nova Production: The Elegant Universe hosted by Brian Greene 1999 Los Angeles Times Cambridge University http://www.2think.org/t000104312.shtml http://www.damtp.cam.ac.uk/user/gr/public/qg_ss.html http://theory.uwinnipeg.ca/mod_tech/node54.htm l http://superstringtheory.com/