Transcript Document

Report from the Australian Regional
Data Assembly Centre
Helen Beggs1, Ian Barton2, Anthony Rea1,
Andy Harris3, Jon Mittaz3, Eileen Maturi4
1Bureau
of Meteorology
2CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research
3University of Maryland
4NOAA/NESDIS/STAR
Presented at 8th GHRSST-PP Science Team Meeting,
Melbourne, 14-18 May 2007
Introduction
•
Local MTSAT-1R SST developments
•
BoM GHRSST-PP Products
– MDB files of in situ bulk SST from ships (2008)
– L2P, DDS and possibly L3P files of locally
received HRPT AVHRR SST (2008)
– L4 files (available)
• new daily 1/12 regional SST analysis
• BoM operational weekly 1 global SST analysis
CSIRO/BoM MTSAT-1R SST Collaboration
•
MTSAT-1R: Japanese geostationary satellite above
equator at 140°E
• BoM currently receives HRIT MTSAT-1R data
• Ian Barton (CSIRO) compared MTSAT-1R SSTs/BTs with
thermosalinograph SST from RV Southern Surveyor cruise
(NW Australia, June 2006)
– STD(MTSAT-1R SST – thermosalinograph SST) = 0.48°C
MTSAT-1R SST c.f. Ship SST
MTSAT SST
Thermosalinograph SST
3.7 m MTSAT BT
11 m MTSAT BT
12 m MTSAT BT
NOAA/BoM MTSAT-1R SST Collaboration
•
Last week Andy Harris, Jon Mittaz and Eileen Maturi visited BoM to adapt
and install the GOES SST code to process HRIT data from MTSAT-1R to skin
SSTs following the GOES RTM-based processing methodology all ready
implemented at NOAA.
• Implementation on BoM research machine completed. BoM to port to
operational machine later.
MTSAT-1R SSTskin Day 129 at 1430 UTC
IMOS Project: Sea Surface Temperature
Sensors for Australian Vessels
Commencing 2007
•
BoM: Equip 8 - 11 Australian VOS
with hull-mounted temperature sensors
and transmit real-time, 3-hourly SSTs
via GTS
• CSIRO: NRT thermosalinograph
SSTs from Rottnest Is ferry
• AIMS: NRT SSTs from
– Whitsunday to Hook Reef ferry
(radiometer)
– Heron Is ferry (thermosalinograph)
Data Streams
QC’d data in MDB files will be
supplied to the GHRSST GDAC in
NRT and to IMOS via ocean portal.
2005 cruise tracks for 8 AVOF vessels
Installed with automatic weather
stations
IMOS Project: Satellite SST L2P Data Products
Covering the Australian Region
Commencing 2007
In collaboration with CSIRO, NOAA
and University of Leicester, convert
Australia’s existing satellite SST
processing systems to produce level
2 skin and bulk SST data files in the
GHRSST-PP L2P format from direct
broadcast AVHRR SST data from
existing and future NOAA series of
polar-orbiting satellites (NOAA-17,
NOAA-18, METOP, NOAA-N’ …)
HRPT 1 km AVHRR SST
Data Streams
• L2P files will be produced in real-time and made available to the GDAC
and IMOS Australian Ocean DAAC.
• Raw AVHRR data back to ~1989 will also be reprocessed to L2P files
and made available to GHRSST-PP global re-analysis and IMOS.
BoM HRPT AVHRR “Mosaic” SST
(L3P?)
Existing Composite
Product
• Running 15-day weighted
average composite mosaic of
HRPT AVHRR bulk SST
• Pixels with cloud not included in
mosaic
• Metadata: Age of data and
location
• Resolution: 1.5 km  1.5 km at
equator
New Data Stream
Current SST Mosaic McIDAS AREA files may potentially be reformatted
to new GHRSST L3P format and made available in real-time to the
GDAC and IMOS Australian Ocean DAAC. Mosaic AREA files back to
~1995 may also be reformatted to L3P files and made available.
BLUElink> Regional High-Resolution SST
Analysis System
AVHRR SST1m (Local 1km, Global 9km x 4
km)
AATSR Meteo SSTskin (17km)
AMSR-E SSTsubskin L2P (25 km)
In situ bulk SST from GTS
NCEP ice edge data
°C
Latitude °N
Based on BoM operational, optimal
interpolation SST analysis system
Resolution: Daily, 1/12°
Region: 60°E - 170°W , 20°N - 70°S
Data sources:
Longitude °E
Test daily foundation SST analyses available by ~0230 UT (fv01) and ~2030
UT (fv02) as GHRSST-PP GDS v1.7 netCDF L4 files from OPeNDAP server
accessible via: http://godae.bom.gov.au
More information on the analysis system:
http://www.bom.gov.au/bmrc/ocean/BLUElink/SST/Bureau_HR_Regional_S
ST_Analysis_vg1.0.pdf
BLUElink SSTfnd Analysis
Blending Method
Remove duplicates
Average over 8 x 8 pixels
(6km x 9km)
HRPT AVHRR foundation
SSTs
1.1 km (RT) (Bureau)
GAC AVHRR foundation
SSTs
(NRT) (NESDIS)
AATSR
foundation SSTs
0.17 deg (NRT)
Fills in gaps due to cloud
Blended
Foundation SSTs
(RT)
Remove diurnal
warming events
In Situ foundation
SSTs (RT) (GTS)
Microwave AMSR-E
foundation SSTs
25 km (NRT) (L2P)
NCEP ice edge
data
Remove diurnal
warming events
HRPT AVHRR 1m SSTs
1.1 km (RT) (Bureau)
(NOAA - 17,18)
Remove diurnal
warming events
GAC AVHRR 1m SSTs
(NRT) (NESDIS)
(NOAA - 17,18)
Correct for cool skin and
remove diurnal warming events
Remove diurnal
warming events
Previous week’s
Global Analysis
Bureau’s SST OI
Analysis System
Regional Foundation SST
Analysis
daily, 1/12 deg (RT)
In Situ bulk
SSTs (RT)
(GTS)
Previous day’s
regional foundation
SST analysis
AATSR skin SSTs
0.17 deg (NRT)
(ESA)
Microwave AMSR-E sub - skin SSTs
25 km (NRT) (L2P)
AATSR skin SST converted to
foundation using empirical
Donlon et al (2002) cool skin
parameterisation.
Remove daytime data with
LAPS winds < 6 m/s, night-time
data with LAPS winds < 2 m/s.
Filtering for Diurnal Warming Events
(1 – 30 Nov 2006: 60°E - 190°E , 20°N - 70°S)
Mean (Gamma Anal SST - Buoy SSTfnd)
Mean (Satellite SST - Buoy SST)
0.2
0.1
AATSR
N-17 HRPT AVHRR
0
N-17 GAC AVHRR
-0.1
N-18 HRPT AVHRR
-0.2
N-18 GAC AVHRR
-0.3
AMSR-E
-0.4
Degrees Celsius
Degrees Celcius
0.2
0.1
0
Gamma Test (no in situ)
-0.2
-0.3
-0.4
Unfiltered
Filtered
Unfiltered
AATSR
N-17 HRPT AVHRR
N-17 GAC AVHRR
N-18 HRPT AVHRR
N-18 GAC AVHRR
AMSR-E
Unfiltered
Filtered
Degrees Celsius
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
Filtered
STD (Gamma Anal SST - Buoy SSTfnd)
STD (Satellite SST - Buoy SST)
Degrees Celcius
Gamma Test
-0.1
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
Gamma Test
Gamma Test (no in situ)
Unfiltered
Filtered
Filtering for Diurnal Warming Events
(1 – 30 Nov 2006: 60°E - 190°E , 20°N - 70°S)
Mean (Gamma Anal SST - Buoy SST)
Mean (Satellite SST - Buoy SST)
0.2
0.1
AATSR
N-17 HRPT AVHRR
0
N-17 GAC AVHRR
-0.1
N-18 HRPT AVHRR
-0.2
N-18 GAC AVHRR
-0.3
AMSR-E
Degrees Celsius
Degrees Celcius
0.2
-0.4
0.1
0
Gamma Test (no in situ)
-0.2
-0.3
-0.4
Unfiltered
Filtered
Unfiltered
AATSR
N-17 HRPT AVHRR
N-17 GAC AVHRR
N-18 HRPT AVHRR
N-18 GAC AVHRR
AMSR-E
Unfiltered
Filtered
Degrees Celsius
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
Filtered
STD (Gamma Anal SST - Buoy SST)
STD (Satellite SST - Buoy SST)
Degrees Celcius
Gamma Test
-0.1
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
Gamma Test
Gamma Test (no in situ)
Unfiltered
Filtered
Filtering for Diurnal Warming?
It appears that although filtering satellite SST
using Donlon et al (2002) day/night wind speed
thresholds slightly reduces RMS error (cf buoy
SSTs) in the resulting OI analysis of satellite and
in situ SSTs, when all in situ SSTs are withheld
from the analysis filtering on wind speed
increases the RMS error of the analysis.
We need to find a way of correcting for diurnal
variation rather than filtering out low wind speed
SST observations.
BLUElink-II 2007 – 2010
BoM aims to provide to BLUElink, IMOS and
GHRSST:
• Operational NRT MDB files of QA’d ship SST in
Australian region
• Operational, HRPT AVHRR SSTskin and SST1m
L2P
•
•
•
– RT and back to ~1989
Operational daily, 5 – 10 km, regional SSTfnd L4
– Using all L2P from MTSAT-1R, AATSR, AVHRR, AMSRE, MODIS?, TMI?
Trial 6-hourly, 5 – 10 km, regional SSTskin L4
Trial daily, ~20 km, global SSTfnd L4
Thankyou for coming to Melbourne!
Drifting + Moored Buoys
Local 1 km AVHRR
Global 17 km AATSR
Global 9 km x 4 km AVHRR
Global 25 km AMSR-E
1/12° SSTfnd Analysis
Latitude °N
°C
Longitude °E
Planned Method for BLUElink-II global and
regional SST analysis system
AATSR skin SSTs
1 km or 10’ (ESA
or L2P)
In Situ
“pseudo-skin”
SSTs (RT)
Validate
QA’d AATSR
skin SSTs
Calibrate
AVHRR skin
SSTs
1 km (L2P)
Correct for
cool skin and
diurnal cycle
Geostationary skin
SSTs
hourly, 5 km (L2P)
In Situ bulk
SSTs (RT)
Correct for
diurnal
cycle
Bureau’s HRPT AVHRR
brightness temperatures
(RT)
Geostationary satellite
infrared brightness
temperatures (RT)
Microwave
AMSR-E subskin SSTs
25 km (L2P)
Correct for cool
skin and diurnal
cycle
AMSR-E
“pseudo-skin”
SSTs
Blend
Fill in gaps due to cloud
Correct for cool skin and diurnal cycle
Correct for diurnal cycle
Blended
foundation
SSTs (RT)
Bureau’s OI SST
Analysis System
Global SSTfnd
analysis
daily, ~20 km (RT)
GAC AVHRR
“bulk” SSTs
10 km x 4 km Correct for cool
skin and diurnal
(L2P)
cycle
Bureau’s OI SST
Analysis System
Regional SSTfnd
analysis
daily, ~5 km (RT)
GAC AVHRR
“pseudo-skin”
SSTs
Fill in gaps
Blended skin
SSTs (RT)
Bureau’s OI SST
Analysis System
Regional skin SST
analysis
6-hourly, ~5 km (RT)
Relative Weighting of Data Streams
in OI Analysis
•
•
•
•
•
OI system requires an estimate of standard deviation (tot)
for each input observation
SD error  relative weight to give each observation in the
OI analysis relative to each other and the background field
Total variance  instrument var + representativeness var
tot2

instrument2
+
space2 + time2
BLUElink analysis system compares each satellite SSTfnd
data stream over a 24 hour period with any buoy SSTfnd
observation within half the satellite sensor resolution to
determine total observation standard deviation error.