Transcript Management Techniques for the Health Unit Coordinator

The Language Of
Medicine
Dr. Michael P. Gillespie
CHAPTER 8
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
2
CHAPTER GOALS
Name and locate female reproductive organs
and learn their combining forms.
 Explain how these organs and their hormones
function in the processes of menstruation and
pregnancy.
 Identify abnormal conditions of the female
reproductive system and of the newborn.

CHAPTER GOALS
Describe important laboratory tests and clinical
procedures used in gynecology and obstetrics,
and recognize related abbreviations.
 Understand medical terms in their proper
contexts, such as medical reports and records.

CHAPTER 8
LESSON 8.1
INTRODUCTION
Sexual Reproduction
This is the union of the nuclei of
ovum and sperm cell.
 Ovum and sperm cells are called
gametes.
 Each gamete contains half the
number of chromosomes of a
normal body cell.

INTRODUCTION
Gametes
(ovum and sperm cell)
Gametes are produced in the
gonads.
 Female gonads are the ovaries;
male gonads are the testes.

INTRODUCTION
Fertilization
An ovum leaves the ovaries and travels
through the fallopian tube.
 Fertilization takes place if sperm cells.
are present and unite with the ovum.
 Fertilized egg implants then divides to
form a ball of cells, called a zygote (and
later an embryo and then a fetus).

ORGANS OF THE
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Label the diagram

Organs of the
female reproductive
system,
lateral view.
Organs of the
Female Reproductive System

Organs of the female reproductive system, lateral
view.
QUICK QUIZ:
1. Fertilized egg implants, then divides
to form a ball of cells, called a…
A. embryo
B. fetus
C. follicle
D. zygote
ORGANS OF THE
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM


Label the diagram
Organs of the female reproductive system
anterior view
ORGANS OF THE
FEMALE REPRODUCTION SYSTEM

Organs of the female reproductive system
anterior view
ORGANS OF THE
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
● The Breast
sagittal view
ORGANS OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
● The Breast
sagittal view
MENSTRUATION AND PREGNANCY
MENSTRUAL CYCLE

Day 1-5
Blood cells, endometrial cells, and glandular
secretions discharge from the body.

Day 6-12
Estrogen aids repair of endometrium.
The ovum grows in the follicle.

Day 13-14 Egg leaves the ovary and passes through
the fallopian tube.

Day 15-28 Corpus luteum secretes progesterone;
uterus lining builds up.
MENSTRUATION AND PREGNANCY
MENSTRUAL CYCLE
MENSTRUATION AND PREGNANCY
PREGNANCY
If fertilization occurs, the egg implants in the
uterine endometrium.
 Placenta forms within the uterine wall.
 Amnion holds the fetus in an amniotic cavity.
 Nutrients, oxygen and wastes exchange
between fetus and mother.
 Placenta produces human chorionic
gonadotropin (hCG).

MENSTRUATION AND PREGNANCY
A, Implantation in the uterus
B, Embryo’s relationship to the placenta
MENSTRUATION AND PREGNANCY
A, Implantation in the uterus
B, Embryo’s relationship to the placenta
QUICK QUIZ:
2. Corpus luteum secretes this
monthly to build up the lining of the
uterus…..
A.
B.
C.
D.
adreniline
estrogen
progesterone
hCG
QUICK QUIZ:
3. During Pregnancy what does the
placenta secrete?
A. adreniline
B. hCG
C. progesterone
D. estrogen
MENSTRUATION AND PREGNANCY
PREGNANCY
 Progesterone
maintains placenta
development.
 Uterus expands as fetus grows.
 Normal delivery fetal position is cephalic
presentation (head first).
MENSTRUATION AND PREGNANCY
PREGNANCY

Three Phases of Labor
1. Dilation of the cervix
2. Birth of the infant
3. Delivery of the placenta
MENSTRUATION AND PREGNANCY
A, Cephalic presentation.
B, Delivery of the placenta.
HORMONAL INTERACTIONS

Pituitary secretes:
 Follicle-stimulating
hormone (FSH)
 Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Pituitary stops producing FSH and LH
 During

pregnancy
With oral contraceptives
HORMONAL INTERACTIONS

Menopause
 Gradual
ending of the menstrual cycle
 Normally begins between 45 and 55
 Falling estrogen levels
 Option for estrogen replacement therapy (careful
consideration of risks required)
VOCABULARY

adnexa uteri

amnion

areola

Bartholin glands

cervix
VOCABULARY

chorion

clitoris

coitus

corpus luteum

cul-de-sac
VOCABULARY

embryo

endometrium

estrogen

fallopian tube

fertilization

fetus
VOCABULARY

fimbriae

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

gamete

genitalia

gestation

gonad
VOCABULARY

gynecology

human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)

hymen

labia

lactiferous ducts
VOCABULARY

luteinizing hormone (LH)

mammary papilla

menarche

menopause

menstruation
VOCABULARY

myometrium

neonatology

obstetrics

orifice

ovarian follicle

ovary
VOCABULARY

ovulation

ovum

parturition

perineum

pituitary gland
VOCABULARY

placenta

pregnancy

progesterone

puberty

uterine serosa
VOCABULARY

uterus

vagina

vulva

zygote
QUICK QUIZ:
4. Which term refers to the inner,
mucous membrane lining of the
uterus?
A.
B.
C.
D.
endometrium
fallopian tube
chorion
amnion
Terminology: Combining Forms,
Suffixes, and Prefixes
COMBINING FORMS
Combining Form
Meaning

amni/o
amnion

cervic/o
cervix, neck

chori/o
chorion

chorion/o
chorion

colp/o
vagina
Terminology: Combining Forms,
Suffixes, and Prefixes
COMBINING FORMS
Combining Form
Meaning
culd/o
 episi/o
 galact/o
 gynec/o
 hyster/o
cul-de-sac
vulva
milk
woman, female
uterus, womb

Terminology: Combining Forms,
Suffixes, and Prefixes
COMBINING FORMS
Combining Form
Meaning
lact/o
 mamm/o
 mast/o
 men/o
 metr/o
milk

breast
breast
menses, menstruation
uterus
Terminology: Combining Forms,
Suffixes, and Prefixes
COMBINING FORMS
Combining Form
my/o
 myom/o
 nat/i
 obstetr/o
 o/o

Meaning
muscle
muscle tumor
birth
midwife
egg
Terminology: Combining Forms,
Suffixes, and Prefixes
COMBINING FORMS
Combining Form

oophor/o
ov/o
 ovari/o
 ovul/o
 perine/o

Meaning
ovary
egg
ovary
egg
perineum
Terminology: Combining Forms,
Suffixes, and Prefixes
COMBINING FORMS
Combining Form

phor/o
salping/o
 uter/o
 vagin/o
 vulv/o

Meaning
to bear
fallopian tubes
uterus
vagina
vulva
Terminology: Combining Forms,
Suffixes, and Prefixes
SUFFIXES
Suffix

-arche
-cyesis
 -gravida
 -parous

Meaning
beginning
pregnancy
pregnancy
to bear, bring forth
Terminology: Combining Forms,
Suffixes, and Prefixes
SUFFIXES
Suffix

-rrhea
-salpinx
 -tocia
 -version

Meaning
discharge
uterine tube
labor, birth
act of turning
Terminology: Combining Forms,
Suffixes, and Prefixes
PREFIXES
Suffix
Meaning
dys-
painful
endo in intra multi-
within
in
within
many


Terminology: Combining Forms,
Suffixes, and Prefixes
PREFIXES
Suffix

nulli-
pre primi retro
Meaning
no, not, none
before
first
backward
QUICK QUIZ:
5. Which term means removal of the
breast?
A.
B.
C.
D.
hysterectomy
mastectomy
mastitis
mammoplasty
PATHOLOGY: UTERUS

Carcinoma of the cervix
 Malignant

cells within the cervix
Cervicitis
 Inflammation

Carcinoma of the endometrium
 Malignant

of the cervix
tumor of the uterus
Endometriosis
 Endometrial
tissue located outside the uterus
PATHOLOGY: UTERUS

Fibroids


Benign tumors of the
uterus
Figure shows location of
uterine fibroids.
PATHOLOGY: GYNECOLOGICAL
AND BREAST

Breast
Carcinoma of the breast
 Fibrocystic disease

PATHOLOGY: GYNECOLOGICAL
AND BREAST
Ovaries

Ovarian carcinoma
 Malignant

tumor of the ovary
Ovarian cysts
 Collections
of fluid within a sac in the ovary
Fallopian Tubes

Pelvic inflammatory disease
 Examples:
salpingitis, oophoritis, endometritis
Pathology: Breast
CARCINOMA OF THE BREAST
IMAGE A SHOWS (ARROWS)
MAMMOGRAM OF INVASIVE
CARCINOMA OF THE BREAST.
IMAGE B IS A CUT SECTION OF
INVASIVE DUCTAL CARCINOMA OF THE
BREAST.
PATHOLOGY: PREGNANCY

Abruptio placentae


Choriocarcinoma


Premature separation of the implanted placenta
Malignant tumor of the placenta
Ectopic pregnancy

Misplaced implantation of egg
Placenta previa
 Preeclampsia

PATHOLOGY: NEONATAL
Down syndrome
 Erythroblastosis fetalis
 Hyaline membrane disease
 Hydrocephalus
 Meconium aspiration syndrome
 Pyloric stenosis

PATHOLOGY: NEONATAL

APGAR SCORING CHART
Assessment of newborn
 Scoring 1 to 5 mins after birth

CLINICAL TESTS AND PROCEDURES
Clinical tests


Pap test (Pap smear)
Pregnancy test
Procedures




X-rays
Ultrasound
Gynecological procedures
Procedures during pregnancy
CLINICAL PROCEDURES
Gynecological procedures

Conization
 Removal
of a
cone-shaped
section of the
cervix.
 Figure shows
LEEP for cone
biopsy
CLINICAL PROCEDURES
GYNECOLOGICAL PROCEDURES

Laparoscopic
oophorectomy
 A,
Ovary placed in
plastic bag.
 B, Extracted through
the laparoscope
CLINICAL TESTS AND PROCEDURES
Procedures
Procedures during pregnancy
 Amniocentesis
Needle placement guided by ultrasound images.
REVIEW SHEET
COMBINING FORMS
Combining Form
Meaning

amni/o
_________

cephal/o
_________

cervic/o
_________

chori/o, chorion/o
_________

colp/o
_________
REVIEW SHEET
COMBINING FORMS
Combining Form
Meaning

amni/o
amnion

cephal/o
head

cervic/o
cervix, neck

chori/o, chorion/o
chorion

colp/o
vagina
REVIEW SHEET
COMBINING FORMS
Combining Form
culd/o
 episi/o
 galact/o
 gynec/o
 hyster/o

Meaning
_________
_________
_________
_________
_________
REVIEW SHEET
COMBINING FORMS
Combining Form
culd/o
 episi/o
 galact/o
 gynec/o
 hyster/o

Meaning
cul-de-sac
vulva
milk
woman, female
uterus, womb
REVIEW SHEET
COMBINING FORMS
Combining Form
lact/o
 mamm/o
 mast/o
 men/o
 metr/o

Meaning
_________
_________
_________
_________
_________
REVIEW SHEET
COMBINING FORMS
Combining Form
lact/o
 mamm/o
 mast/o
 men/o
 metr/o

Meaning
milk
breast
breast
menses, menstruation
uterus
REVIEW SHEET
COMBINING FORMS
Combining Form
my/o
 myom/o
 nat/i
 obstetr/o
 olig/o
 o/o

Meaning
_________
_________
_________
_________
_________
_________
REVIEW SHEET
COMBINING FORMS
Combining Form
Meaning
my/o
 myom/o
 nat/i
 obstetr/o
 olig/o
 o/o
muscle
muscle tumor
birth
midwife
scanty
egg

REVIEW SHEET
COMBINING FORMS
Combining Form
Meaning
oophor/o
_________
ov/o
 ovari/o
 ovul/o
 perine/o
_________
_________
_________
_________


REVIEW SHEET
COMBINING FORMS
Combining Form

oophor/o
ov/o
 ovari/o
 ovul/o
 perine/o

Meaning
ovary
egg
ovary
egg
perineum
REVIEW SHEET
COMBINING FORMS
Combining Form
Meaning

phor/o
_________

py/o
_________
salping/o
 uter/o
 vagin/o
 vulv/o

_________
_________
_________
_________
REVIEW SHEET
COMBINING FORMS
Combining Form

phor/o
py/o
 salping/o
 uter/o
 vagin/o
 vulv/o

Meaning
to bear
pus
fallopian tubes
uterus
vagina
vulva
REVIEW SHEET
SUFFIXES
Suffix
Meaning

-arche
_________

-cele
_________

-cyesis
_________
-ectasis
 -ectomy
_________
_________

REVIEW SHEET
SUFFIXES
Suffix
Meaning

-arche
beginning

-cele
hernia
-cyesis
 -ectasis
 -ectomy

pregnancy
stretching, dilation
removal, excision
REVIEW SHEET
SUFFIXES
Suffix
Meaning
-flexion
_________
-genesis
 -gravida
 -itis
 -pareunia
 -parous
_________
_________
_________
_________
_________


REVIEW SHEET
SUFFIXES
Suffix
Meaning
-flexion
 -genesis
 -gravida
 -itis
 -pareunia
 -parous
flexible
producing; forming
pregnancy
inflammation
sexual intercourse
to bear, bring forth

REVIEW SHEET
SUFFIXES
Suffix
Meaning

-plasia
_________

-plasty
_________

-ptosis
_________

-rrhagia
_________

-rrhaphy
_________
REVIEW SHEET
SUFFIXES
Suffix
Meaning

-plasia
development, formation

-plasty
surgical repair

-ptosis
dropping, sagging

-rrhagia
bursting forth (blood)

-rrhaphy
suture
REVIEW SHEET
SUFFIXES
Suffix
Meaning
-rrhea
_________
-salpinx
 -scopy
 -stenosis
 -stomy
_________
_________
_________
_________


REVIEW SHEET
SUFFIXES
Suffix

-rrhea
-salpinx
 -scopy
 -stenosis
 -stomy

Meaning
discharge
uterine tube
visual examination
tightening
new opening
REVIEW SHEET
SUFFIXES
Suffix
Meaning
-tocia
 -tomy
 -tresia
 -version
_________
_________
_________
_________

REVIEW SHEET
SUFFIXES
Suffix
Meaning
-tocia
 -tomy
 -tresia
 -version
labor, birth
process of cutting
opening
act of turning

REVIEW SHEET
PREFIXES
Prefix

bi-
dys endo in intra multi
Meaning
_________
_________
_________
_________
_________
_________
REVIEW SHEET
PREFIXES
Prefix

bi-
dys endo in intra multi
Meaning
two
painful
within
in
within
many
REVIEW SHEET
PREFIXES
Prefix
nulli oxy peri pre
Meaning
_________
_________
_________
_________
REVIEW SHEET
PREFIXES
Prefix
Meaning
nulli oxy peri pre-
no, not, none
swift, sharp
surrounding
before

REVIEW SHEET
PREFIXES
Prefix
Meaning

primi-
_________

pseudo-
_________

retro-
_________

uni-
_________
REVIEW SHEET
PREFIXES
Prefix

primi-
pseudo retro uni
Meaning
first
false
backward
one