Transcript Freeport dan Lingkungan

HAM dan Lingkungan
Wahyu Yun Santoso
• DEKLARASI STOCKHOLM
• DEKLARASI RIO DE JANEIRO
• UUD 1945 & PERUBAHANNYA
BAKU MUTU LINGKUNGAN
DAN
BAKU KERUSAKAN LH
• UUPLH
FUNCTION OF DEFENSE
LH
• Ganti
HAK DASAR
LINGKUNGAN
kerugian ekonomik
• Pemulihan kesehatan
• Ganti kerugian Immateriel
FUNCTION
OF PERFORMANCE
a. Right to life; b. Right to food;
c. Right to health
d. Right to safe & healthy working
conditions; e. Right to housing;
f. Popular participations;
g. Right to information;
h. Freedom of association;
i. Cultural rights;
j. Right to self-determination over
natural resources.
• Pemulihan
fungsi ling-
kungan
• Perbaikan alat
KUALITAS HIDUP
HAK ATAS INFORMASI LH
SETIAP ORANG MEMPUNYAI HAK
ATAS INFORMASI LINGKUNGAN HIDUP
1. Aktualisasi hak atas LH
yang baik & sehat secara optimal
2. Mengefektifkan penggunaan
hak masyarakat untuk berperan serta
dalam pengelolaan lingkungan
#
1. Setiap penyelenggara usaha/kegiatan wajib memberikan
informasi yg benar & akurat mengenai pengelolaan LH
2. Pemerintah wajib menyediakan informasi LH dan
menyebarluaskannya kpd masyarakat
HAK PERAN SERTA MASYARAKAT
• Diatur dalam Pasal 5 ayat (3) juncto Pasal 7 UUPLH
• SDM Pemerintah terbatas, SDM Swasta menunjang,
karena itu SDM swasta juga harus berperan
• Masyarakat adalah juga pihak yang memiliki potensi
merusak dan atau mencemarkan
• Masyarakat adalah sumber informasi
• Masyarakat dapat melakukan kontrol sosial
• Meningkatkan penerimaan keputusan
• Melindungi hak-hak masyarakat
• Mendemokratisasikan pengambilan keputusan
• Perlunya pendayagunaan peran serta masyarakat
Five existing international norms
related to right of sound env’t
• Self-determination
• Permanent sovereignty over natural
resources
• The right to development
– US: “development is not a right, it is a goal we
all hold, depends on the realization of human
right”  recognize only 4 individuals
• The right to environment
• (public) Participation
Right to Development
• Should be elaborated with all context of human
rights;
• Giving priority to the fight against absolute
poverty;
• Promotion & protection of civil, cultural, political
and social rights;
• Aims to integrate the right to a healthy
environment in the framework of SD;
• Concept of good governance  limit gov
authority & influence policy based on HR;
– US  doesn’t accept this right as the right of state to
demand foreign assistance & qualify the protection of
civil political rights
Karakteristik
• Prerequisite to the enjoyment of other
human rights  realisasi atas hak asasi
politik & sipil;
• A synthesis of existing human rights 
meliputi semua obyek HAM;
• Concern on the basic right:
– To life
– To develop his/her potential
• Obliges nation states to recognize the right
of indigenous people
Correlative rights to right to development
Based on UNDHR & ICESCR
• Right to adequate standard of living  right
to health also means “free from envt’l harm”;
• Right to cultural integrity  pengakuan atas
identitas sosial & kultural masyarakat;
• Right to education and right to adequate
information  urgensi utk fasilitasi nilai2
atas kepekaan lingkungan (ethic of env’t
awareness);
– Principle 10 Rio  appropriate access to envt’l
information
Right to adequate/ healthy environment
• Tidak ada satu konvensi int’l yg memuat hak ini
sebelum Rio 1992;
• “The right of present & future generations to enjoy
a healthy environment and decent quality of life”
(UNEP 1993);
• Post Rio Declaration, hak ini jg hnya termuat di
soft law (non-binding legal texts);
• Komplementer dgn right to development:
– “Achievement of the right to development is dependent
upon the realization of all human rights, and
development is dependent upon maintenance &
enhancement of env’t and social quality”
Right to Participation
• Dikenalkan pertama di Our Common Future – Brundtland
Report 1987;
“The pursuit of susdev requires: … a political system that
secures effective citizen participation in decision making” 
sine qua non.
• Pemaknaan  strategi pembangunan maupun lingkungan
apapun tidak akan berkelanjutan jika stakeholders terkait
tidak diikutsertakan dalam decision-making process;
• Initiates North-South dialogues in 4 concept:
–
–
–
–
Equitable sharing of benefits,
Common but differentiated responsibilities,
Technology transfer,
Participatory partnership;
• Transform the superior-inferior relationship between the
North & the South to one based on the “principle of
equality”
Aarhus Convention 1998
• The United Nation Economic Commission for Europe
Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in
Decision-Making and Access to Justice in Environmental
Matters;
• Three pillars:
– Access to information,
– Public participation in decision-making,
– Access to justice.
• Obligation to inform the public concerned in an early stage
of the decision-making procedure in an adequate, timely
and effective manner
• Obligation to ensure the procedural rights
• Provide the opportunity to public participation in any ways
• Publication of decision
Why procedural right is needed?
• The right to participate is only effective when all
the three pillars can be ensured. The pillars are
independent; access to environmental information
is necessary for the public to be able to participate,
while access to justice is a necessary and effective
means to ensure this,
• The important value of these procedural rights is
that these facilitate substantive right. They make
that theory can be put into practice: What would be
the use of substantive norms if these cannot be
applied, checked and enforced?
• Ensure the accountability
Kegiatan2 yg wajib patuh:
•
•
•
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•
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Energy sector
Production and processing of metals
Mineral industry
Chemical industry
Waste Management
Waste-water treatment plants with a capacity
exceeding 150000 population equivalent
• Other activities mentioned in point 19 of
Annex 1