Transcript template for PLS - Lakeland Central School District

The Eight (8) Steps of the
Scientific Method
Step Right Up!
Introduction
Once upon a time, in a palace far, far, away,
lived a very curious queen by the name of
N Quire. Queen N Quire was always
asking questions, which really bugged the
rest of the royal family. They made a
smart guess that if they all got together
they could form a plan. Read on to find
out how the royal family solved their
problem.
Frame 1
Use The Eight (8) Steps of the Scientific Method to
help Queen N Quire and her royal family solve
their problem.
Step 1.
Step 2.
Step 3:
Step 4:
Step 5:
Step 6:
Step 7:
Step 8:
Question/Problem
Hypothesis/Prediction
Procedure/Plan
Experiment
Data
Results
Conclusion
Further Investigation
Frame 2
1.
2.
3.
4.
By the time you have finished this PLS, you will be
able to:
1. List and explain the eight (8) steps of the
scientific method in order;
2. Identify the three (3) kinds of variables found
in experiments;
3. Use the scientific method to plan and conduct
your own experiment; and
4. Apply the eight (8) steps of the scientific
method to write a lab report.
Frame 3
HOW TO USE THE PROGRAM:
 Read the statement on each of the frames and then
answer the questions that are at the bottom of the frame.
You can check your answers on the back of each frame.
 Some frames have a test on them. If you answer those
incorrectly, follow the directions given to you on the back
of the frame.
 Use the whiteboard marker provided. When you are
finished, please erase your answers.
 If you wish to listen to this while you read, use the
attached cassette tape.
Frame 4
Queen N Quire, as we already know, was
always asking questions. This was always
her first step in trying to find something
out. Queen N Quire walked around the
royal palace all day and night saying,
“What would happen if…?”, or “Why
does…?”, or “How does…?” Everything
that came out of her mouth ended with a
question mark.
What is the first step of the
scientific method? ________
Back of Frame 4
The first step of the scientific method is
to ask a question.
Good for you! You’ve taken the first step
to being part of the royal family!
Frame 5
Queen N Quire’s second cousin, Helen Hypothesis,
was always trying to predict what the answers to
the queen’s questions would be. Helen Hypothesis
walked around all day and night, following Queen
N Quire, saying things like, “I predict that…”, or
“I think that…”. And Helen Hypothesis always
gave a reason for what she thought was going to
happen.
What is the second step of the scientific method?
A hypothesis begins with “ ________________” or
“______________________”……
True or False: You need to give a reason for what
you predict.
Back of Frame 5
The second step of the scientific method is
to make a hypothesis or prediction.
A hypothesis begins with “I predict” or “I
think that”……….
True or False: You need to give a reason
for what you predict.
Way to go! You’ve taken the second step to
being part of the royal family!
Frame 6
Queen N Quire had three sisters who were always
trying to tell her what to do. They cried out, “You
have to follow procedure!” “You need a plan!” “You
should make a list of the steps you will take to
answer your question!”
One sister, who was very able, said, “You need to
identify your variables!” Another sister, who loved
things, said, “You need to list your materials!”
And another sister , who liked to follow the rules,
said,”You need to list the steps you will follow to
answer your question!”
What is the third step of the scientific
method?______________________
The three (3) parts you need to include in your
procedure are ________, __________, and
___________________________.
Back of Frame 6
The third step of the scientific method is
procedure, or planning your investigation.
The three parts you need to include in
your procedure are: identifying variables,
listing materials, and listing the steps you
will follow in your experiment.
You’re right on target for joining the royal
family!
Frame 7
After all this planning, Queen N Quire was
ready to do something to find the answer
to her question. She exclaimed, “I want to
do an experiment!” “Let us conduct an
investigation!” And so Queen N Quire,
Helen Hypothesis, and the queen’s three
sisters excitedly experimented in the
royal laboratory on the fourth floor of the
castle. They examined their procedure
and exactly followed it.
What is the fourth step of the scientific
method?
Back of Frame 7
The fourth step of the scientific method is
to perform your experiment. You conduct
your investigation, following your
procedure.
Brilliant! You’re halfway to getting the keys
to the castle!
Frame 8
You’re halfway to the castle, so it’s time for a rest
stop. Use this wraparound to match the first four
steps of the scientific method with their
definitions. Good luck from the royal family!
hypothesis
experiment
follow your plan to conduct
your investigation
what do you want to know?
question
plan your investigation
procedure
your prediction; what you
think will happen
Back of Frame 8
2
4
4
1
1
3
3
2
Frame 9
After performing her experiment, the queen
remembered that it was time to feed her
children. She noticed that one child was
observing everything she did and writing
it down. And then the baby said his first
word – DATA (dada)! Of course, the queen
ran right away to get the king to tell him
what their baby’s first word was!
What is the fifth step of the scientific
method? _______
When you collect data, you ___________
and ______________.
Back of Frame 9
The fifth step of the scientific method is
data. You make observations and record
them.
Keep going! You only have three steps left…
Frame 10
Queen N Quire wanted results! So she asked
the royal detective to carefully examine
her excellent experiment. He analyzed
the data she had collected, looking for
patterns and trends.
What is the sixth step of the scientific
method? ________________
How do you examine your results?
_________________________
XO*XO*XO*XO*
Back of Frame 10
The sixth step of the scientific method is
results. You analyze, or examine your data
carefully, looking for patterns and trends.
Fine detective work Sherlock! You are two
steps away from becoming royalty!
Frame 11
On the seventh day, the royal family begged Queen
N Quire to draw a conclusion. They pleaded, “You
have your results, now please answer your original
question. Please tell us what happened in your
experiment, and explain why it turned out that
way!” And of course, Helen Hypothesis insisted
that Queen N Quire include her in the conclusion.
Helen Hypothesis said, “Don’t forget to say
whether I was right or wrong!”
What is the seventh step of the scientific method?
____________________
What are the three (3) parts to include?
_________________, _____________, and
__________________________
Back of Frame 11
The seventh step of the scientific method is
the conclusion, which is the answer to your
original question. You explain what
happened and why. You also accept or
reject your hypothesis.
Are you ready to take the final step?
Here we go….
Frame 12
The royal family was so happy that Queen N Quire had
finally found the answer to her question! However, the
answer only made Queen N Quire come up with a NEW
question based on what she had just discovered!The royal
family moaned and groaned as the queen set out upon her
further investigation.
What is the eighth – and final – step of the
scientific method?
Back of Frame 12
The eighth and final step of the
scientific method is further investigation.
It is the new question you have based on
what you just learned.
CONGRATULATIONS!!! You have proven
your worthiness to become the newest
member of the royal family! Here is the
key to the castle. Use it to unlock the
mysteries of the scientific method.
Frame 13
Use the Electroboard, Learning Circle or Pic-A-Hole
(Pocket Tester) in the MIP box to see how much
you have learned. If you obtain 90% continue with
the PLS; if not, turn back to frame four (4) and
proceed through the PLS.
GOOD LUCK!
Back of Frame 13
Frame 14
Remember Queen N Quire’s three sisters
who were always trying to boss her
around? Well, the third sister, who was
very able to do anything, liked to sit on
the third step of the castle. She liked
things that came in threes, so she
decided that the queen would have to
identify three variables every time she
wanted to do an experiment.
How many types of variables must be
identified in every experiment?
Back of Frame 14
Three types of variables must be identified
in every experiment.
Read on to whet your appetite for variables!
Frame 15
Think of variables like the toppings on a pizza. They
both affect how something turns out. The
toppings you get on your pizza will affect how the
pizza tastes, and the variables in an experiment
will affect the results of the experiment!
Bon apetit!
What are variables?
_______________________________________
How are variables like toppings on a pizza?
_____________________________________
Back of Frame 15
Correct! Variables are factors in an
experiment that affect the results.
Variables are like toppings on a pizza
because they both affect how something
turns out.
Read on to find out more about variables….
……and pizza!
Frame 16
The manipulated variable (a.k.a. the independent
variable) is the ONE variable that the scientist
intentionally changes (changes on purpose).
There can only be ONE because otherwise you
wouldn’t know what caused your results. For
example, if you had more than one pizza topping,
you wouldn’t know which one was affecting the
taste of the pizza.
Key words: different, change
What is the manipulated variable?
What is another name for the manipulated variable?
Why can there only be one manipulated variable?
Back of Frame 16
The manipulated variable is the one part of the
experiment that is intentionally changed.
Another name for the manipulated variable is the
independent variable.
There can only be one manipulated variable because
otherwise you wouldn’t know which factors were
affecting your results.
BRILLIANT! Getting hungry for more knowledge?
Frame 17
The effect of the manipulated
(independent) variable is called the
responding (dependent) variable. It can
be tested and measured. For example,
the taste of your pizza is AFFECTED by
the toppings you put on it.
Key Words: affect, measure, test
The responding or ______________
variable is the part of the experiment
that ________________________.
Back of Frame 17
The responding or dependent variable is the
part of the experiment that is affected
by the manipulated (independent)
variable.
You’re proving to be a very able person!
Ready for one more?
Frame 18
The controlled (constant) variables are the parts of the
experiment that are kept the same. A good experiment
has several controlled variables.
Key word: same
What are controlled variables?___________________
Why should an experiment have more than one controlled
variable? __________________________________
What is another name for the controlled variable?
_____________________________________
Back of Frame 18
Controlled variables are the parts of the experiment
that are kept the same.
An experiment should have more than one because
it’s important to keep everything the same except
for the one part that is being changed on purpose.
Another name for controlled variables are constant
variables.
Well done! You’re a very able scientist!!
Frame 19
If you would like to challenge yourself with
Flip Chute Cards or Task Cards, do so now. If
you obtain 90% continue with the PLS; if not,
turn back to frame fourteen (14) and proceed
through the PLS.
Frame 20
Use the following
Scientific Organizer to
plan and conduct an
experiment of your own
design. Remember to
see me for approval of
your plan before you
begin.
State the
question/problem
What are you
trying to find
out?
Hypothesize/Predict
What do I think will
happen? What is a
possible answer to
my question?
Back of Frame 20
Remember to phrase your question as a
question with a question mark at the end
???????????????????????????????????????
Your hypothesis/prediction should begin
with “I predict” or “I think” that………
because ………..
It’s important to give a reason for what you
think will happen!
Frame 21
Now you’re ready to plan
your experiment!
Procedure/Plan
MV –
•Identify
Variables
RV-
•List Materials
•Write your
step by step
procedure (on
back)
CV’s –
Materials:
Back of Frame 21
Variables:
Manipulated (independent) variable – the one part of the
experiment that you will change intentionally.
Responding (dependent) variable – the effect of the manipulated
variable, it is measured or tested.
Controlled (constant) variables – the parts of the experiment that
are kept the same.
Materials:
List all materials needed to conduct the experiment. Be specific!
Procedure:
Write as a list of numbered steps.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Etc.
Frame 22
Great plan! Now it’s time to conduct your
experiment and record your observations.
Manipulated (CUP A)
(independent) Variable
Control (CUP B)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Back of Frame 22
When creating a data table, the manipulated (independent)
variable goes in the left hand column, and the control
goes in the right hand column. Record observations in
bulleted format.
Manipulated (CUP A)
(independent) Variable
Control (CUP B)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Frame 23
Results
Further Investigation
Conclusion
Back of Frame 23
Results: Remember to look for patterns and
trends.
Conclusion: What is the answer to your
original question?
What happened and why?
Do you accept or reject your
hypothesis?
You’re a super scientist!
Frame 24
Now challenge yourself by using the Task Cards or
Pic-A-Hole (Pocket Tester). If you obtain 100%
continue with the PLS; if not, turn back to frame
four (4) and proceed through the PLS.
Frame 25
Now that you know how to plan an experiment, it’s
time to follow your plan to conduct your experiment
and record your results in a lab report.
Please use the following pages to write a rough draft
of your lab report. Refer to everything you’ve done
so far in this PLS to help you. Then write your final
copy using the lab report packet in the MIP box, and
hand in to me for grading when complete.
I
SCIENCE
Frame 26
Title:
_____________________________
1) Question: _______________________
_______________________________?
2) Hypothesis : I predict or I think that
___________________________
because _______________________
______________________________
Frame 27
3) Procedure/Plan:
Manipulated (independent) variable:
_____________________________
Responding (dependent) variable:
_____________________________
Controlled (constant) variables:
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
Frame 28
Procedure/Plan (continued)
Materials:
______________________________
______________________________
Procedure:
1. ______________________________
2. ______________________________
3. ______________________________
4. ______________________________
5. ______________________________
Frame 29
4) Experiment: follow
your step by step
procedure.
5) Data: Create a data
table to record your
observations.
Frame 30
6) Results: (patterns and trends)
_______________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
7) Conclusion: (answer, what happened and why,
accept or reject hypothesis)
_______________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
8) Further Investigation: (new question)
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
I hope you enjoyed this PLS. Please
go back through the frames and
erase any marks you have made on
them.
I hope you enjoyed learning about
the scientific method!!!