Southern Alps

• • Key surface features: High mountain ranges (1 st ) V-shaped valleys and jagged ridges (2 nd ) • • Internal processes: Convection currents move the plates Both plates colliding (destructive plate boundary) leading to uplift • • External processes: Weathering by ice, water, wind, bio Erosion of sediment and deposition on the plains • • • Three processes must be linked to the surface features for E. At least one internal and one external process is needed (last one can be either). One of each must be linked for M. All info must be in the context

Step one

• • • Find/draw a diagram (cross section) to show the three ideas: Surface features Internal processes External processes Annotate this diagram (around the diagram or refer to in the report).

Step two

• • • • A description of the surface features: Mountain ranges V-shaped valleys and ridges Canterbury plains

Step three

• • • • • Explain the first internal process that has caused the mountain ranges to form.

Convection currents (explain how they occur) Name the two plates that the sounds are found on Link the direction of the current to how the plates are moving What type of plate boundaries has this caused?

When was this happening? (most recently)

Step four

• • • • • Explain the second internal process that has caused the mountain ranges to form.

What type of plate boundary has this caused?

When was this happening? (most recently) Where has uplift occurred (why did subduction not occur?) What type of rocks were being exposed (age type?) CONTEXT, CONTEXT – LINK TO THE SURFACE FEATURES

Step 5

• • • • • Explain the first external process that reduced the height of the southern alps Weathering and erosion The cold winters and frost cracking Weathering due to melting snow/water Erosion of rock due to wind and water Change in the appearance of the mountains over time, due to the above.

Step 6

• • • Explain the second external process that has impacted the appearance of the South Island.

Erosion of weathered rock Transportation by rivers that flow down the valleys Deposition of sediment forming the Canterbury plains