Transcript Rubberasfalt in de wegenbouw

Rubberasfalt in de
wegenbouw
Fedde Tolman
Hollandsche Beton Groep - Civiel
Netherlands Pavement Consultants bv
contents
 pavements
 asphalt
 bitumen
 modified
bitumen
 rubber modified binder
pavements
 primary
function: transfer forces from
vehicle to earth
 loads on pavements
 traffic
- mechanical
- noise
 weather
- moisture induced softening of grain material
- high temperature softening
- cracking due to restrained shrinkage
 pavement
performance
crack control
- evenness
- fixation of particles
- skid resistance
- visibility
 noise
-
 applications
-
-
roads
industrial areas
airports
bridge decks
steel: structural
concrete: environmental protection
floors
Pavement structure
name
material
toplayer
- wearing course
- friction course
- sealing course
structural layers
asphalt, concrete,
epoxy, (elements)
foundation
- bound layers
- unbound layers
improved soil
sand, gravel, stone,
10 – 40
cementitious materials,
slag
removing organic
10 - 50
material
mixing additions
soil
asphalt, concrete,
elements
thickness
(cm)
2–5
criteria
8 – 25
bearing capacity
sheltering lower layers from
water ingress
bearing capacity
user oriented performance
bearing capacity
even settlement
(frost heave)
even settlement
composition asphalt
 mineral
(type and gradation)
 bitumen (pen)
 additives
 pores
type
stone (gravel)
sand
filler
fibres
size in mm(The Netherlands)
>2
0.063 – 2
< 0.063
diameter 0.01
length 1 mm
function in asphalt
stability asphalt
stability asphalt, contact surface
stability and consistency binder
consistency binder
Most important Dutch asphalt
types
class
concrete
stone types
name
dense asphalt concrete
open asphalt concrete
stone (gravel, sand)
asphalt concrete
porous asphalt
stone mastic asphalt
mastic
gussasphalt
hot rolled asphalt
interlayer
sealings and coatings
joints
characteristic
most dense granular structure
bitumen glue and filling
pores (2 – 4 %) to avoid excess of bitumen
moderate in cost, production and operation
most open structure (20 – 30 % pores)
water disposal and noise reduction
risk of abrasion and clogging
granular skeleton filled with binder
strong, abrasion resistant and durable
risk of overfilling and instability
bituminous continuum
stabilised by minerals
abrasion resistant, crack bridging, durable
bitumen
 Samenstelling
–
–
–
–
asfaltenen
maltenen
alifaten
aromaten
 karakterisering
– rheologisch (modulus en fasehoek)
– empirisch (penetratie en verwekingspunt)
– functioneel empirisch (breekpunt,
verwekingspunt, mengviscositeit)
Polymer modifications
class
gummi
elastomer
plastomer
type
latex
tires
SB, SBR, SBS
EPDM
PE, PP
EVA
EMA, EBA
PVC
% in bitumen
3
10
6
4
5
4
4
Inert and chemical
modifications
class
fibres
fillers
natural C-H types
oxidants
type
rockwool
cellulose
polyester, polypropylene
stone
chalk
carbon
natural asphalt
‘gilsonite’
Mn
S
multiphalt process
% in bitumen
6
3?
6
40
30
15
40 - 50
5 - 10
2
2
-
Consistency - temperature
0
-50
0
-50
50
100
150
T [C]
200
bitumen
plastomeer
-100
elastomeer
consistency
mixing
-150
-200
-250
compaction
use high T
use low T
T
Force - ductility
bitumen
1
plastomeer
elastomeer
force
SBS
0
0
deformation
50
Molecular distribution
concentration
10
aliphaten
aromaten
polaren
asphaltenes
polymer
7,5
5
2,5
0
1,5
2,5
3,5
log(mol weight)
4,5
5,5
Risks in modifications
- compatibility bitumen and polymer problematic
(mixing of bindertypes)
- asphalt mixing and compaction higher risk of
being problematic
- mechanical improvement unclear
- hot reuse in principle no problem
- registration of application regarding demolition
- quality control of procedure; tedious product
control
Rubber in asphalt
1898
bitumen + dissolved rubber
1930 – 1940
1948
rubber powder procede to Stam and
Stork, pulvatex, mealorub, latex) <
10% and ground tire (< 25 - 50%)
rubber powder 5 – 7%
1985
synthetic elastomers
porous asphalt with rubberbitumen
C. de Caudemberge (testsections in France,
Spain, Brazil, Argentinie)
research and several testsections in The
Netherlands and Netherlands Indie
extension of use to wearing and structural
courses; USA
rubber in pavements: panacea?
–
-
rubber modified binder in asphalt
stiffness, fatigue, stability (permanent deformation)
impact absorption and strength
damping of vibration
abrasion
noise
friction
reduced temperature sensitivity
durability (ageing, adhesion, friction)
Types of rubber applications
 in
asphalt
-
 in
rubber granulate and filler in asphalt
blocks, tiles and slabs
joints
binder
-
-
dissolved
emulsification
powder (5 – 7%)
tyre scrap (4 – 8 %)
 motives:
-
improvement of pavement
recycling / waste reduction (esp. of wasted tyres)
 sustainability
emission
- exposure
- toxicity
 environment
-
Effect rubber addition
100
75
Trb
pen
flow (mm)
50
imact (g)
25
% rubber
0
0
2,5
5
7,5
10
Proefvakken A10 1990
Rijksweg
RW 10
(HRR)
dag 1
RW 10
(HRR)
dag 2
RW 10
(HRR)
dag 3
Vak
nr
0
1
2
3
4
5
Mengseltype
Standaard ZOAB 0/16
Rubberbitumen
Rubberbitumen
Bitumen 80/100 + 0,3 % organische vezels
Rubberbitumen
Rubberbitumen
gewenst
bit. perc.
4,5
4,5
5,5
5,5
4,5
5,5
mengtemp.
150
170
170
150
170
170
oordeel
+
6
7
8
9
10
11
Polybilt 103 Z (80/100 met 6 % EVA)
Polybilt 103 Z (80/100 met 6 % EVA)
Bitumen 80/100 + 0,6 % organische vezels
Polybilt 103 Z (80/100 met 6 % EVA)
Polybilt 103 Z (80/100 met 6 % EVA)
Cariphalte DA (Pen 150 bitumen met 6 % SBS)
4,5
5,5
5,5
4,5
5,5
4,5
160
160
150
160
160
165
=
=
+
=
+
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
Cariphalte DA (Pen 150 bitumen met 6 % SBS)
Bitumen 80/100 met aangepaste gradering
Bitumen 160/210
Cariphalte DA (Pen 150 bitumen met 6 % SBS)
Cariphalte DA (Pen 150 bitumen met 6 % SBS)
Bitumen 80/100 met aangepaste gradering
Bitumen 160/210
Bitumen 80/100 (Standaard ZOAB)
5,5
5,5
4,5
4,5
5,5
5,5
4,5
4,5
165
150
140
165
165
150
140
150
=
+
+
=
+
=
=
Productie 18 juni (vakken 0 t/m
5)
 aanleg
ZOAB-proefvakken probleemloos
 vak 1 met 4,5% rubberbitumen stolling van
het bindmiddel: verpompbaarheid
-
-
 vak
bindmiddeltemperatuur verhoogd  viscositeit
pomp roerketel en installatie in serie  druk
2 (5,5 %) geen problemen
 vak 4 (4,5%) zelfde problemen als vak 1
 vak 5 (5,5%) geen problemen
conclusions
 Technical
– bitumen are the main binding part; polymers
and rubbers are specific
– mechanical properties may be improved but
also worsened by rubber addition
– quality control problematic
– no final qualification
 Environmental
– reuse tires
– reduction noise
– higher production temperatures
 Health
and safety
– exposition to tire components
– higher temperatures --> more emissions
perspectives
 Rubber
remains of interest for modifying
binders and may become so as granulates
 noise and reuse most important motives
 vibration and impact may be of interest