Transcript Hexavalent Chromium New Standard

Hexavalent Chromium
“New OSHA Standard”
Informational
Web Cast
Presented by MSA
John Hierbaum
Product Line Manager
Air Purifying Respirators
&
Meghan Swanson
Staff Chemist
WELCOME
Thank You for joining us
today
CAUTION!
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This presentation is an overview of
the new standard
This presentation does not represent
the complete standard as published
by OSHA
It is important that all participants
review the entire standard before
implementing a program within the
workplace
AGENDA
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Timetable for the new Hexavalent
Chromium Standard
Workers most notably affected
What is Hexavalent Chromium?
• What are its health hazards?
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Elements of the New Standard
Steps to comply with the new standard
Q&A
New OSHA Standard
Hexavalent Chromium
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Covers
• General Industry - 1910.1026
• Shipyards - 1915.1026
• Construction - 1926.1126
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Most requirements are generally the
same for all industries
Exceptions to the New Standard
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Does not impact application of some
pesticides (EPA regulated)
Does not impact exposures to portland
cement
Does not impact situations in which the
employer has objective data
demonstrating that a material containing
chromium or specific operation or activity
cannot release Cr (VI) in concentrations at
or above 0.5 µg/m3 as an 8 hour TWA
Significant Dates to Remember
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February 28, 2006 - OSHA published
the new standard
May 30, 2006 – Effective date
Enforced 180 days from the effective
date with exceptions
• Nov 27, 2006 – 20 or more employees
• May 31, 2007 – less than 20 employees
• May 31, 2010 - engineering control
requirements
What Activities are the Sources
of Chromium (VI)?
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Welding and cutting of stainless steel
and other chromium containing
metals
Heavy Painting and coating
Electroplating
Handling of chrome based pigments
How Many Workers are Exposed?
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About 558,000 workers are exposed
to Cr(VI)
Several workers will be required to
use respiratory protection
Welders represent the highest single
worker group exposed
WHAT IS
HEXAVALENT
CHROMIUM?
Cr(VI)
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Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI))
compounds exist in several forms,
known as chromates
• Typically particulates
• Yellow, orange, or red in color
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Trivalent chromium (Cr(III)) is the
most stable state; naturally occuring
Cr(VI) is less chemically stable; most
compounds are man made
Chromates have Varying
Solubilities
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Highly soluble in water:
• Sodium dichromate
• Chromic acid
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Slightly soluble in water:
• Calcium chromate
• Strontium chromate
• Zinc chromate
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Insoluble in water:
• Lead chromate
• Barium chromate
Exposure Routes
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Inhalation
• Particulates, such as:
• Paint spray
• Welding fumes
• Chromate dust
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Skin exposure
Health Effects
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Respiratory
• Lung cancer
• Damage to nasal membranes
• Asthma
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Dermal
• Skin damage
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Internal organs
• Kidney
• Liver
Carcinogenic Effects: Lung Cancer
1.
Cells uptake Cr(VI)
 Faster for soluble forms of Cr(VI)
 Insoluble chromates concentrate
 Particles < 10 µm contact target cells
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Cells react with Cr(VI) to form
Cr(III) and toxic byproducts,
Reactive Oxygen Species
DNA is damaged
Cell replication disturbed
Other Respiratory Effects
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Nasal Irritation
Nasal Ulcerations
Nasal Septum Perforations
Asthma
• Cr(VI) is an airway sensitizer
• Exposure prompts immune response
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Bronchitis
Additional Health Effects
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Dermal
• Contact dermititis
• Skin ulcers
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Internal
• Gastrointestinal ulcers
• Kidney disease
• Liver damage
Summary of Health Issues
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Major health effects
• Lung cancer
• Damage to nasal passages
• Skin rashes and ulcers
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A high % of workers exposed can get
lung cancer
This standard is intended to reduce
these health risks
Major Elements of the New
Standard
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Permissible Exposure Level
Exposure Determination
Engineering Controls
Personal Protection
Medical Surveillance
Worker Education and
communication
Permissible Exposure
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PEL
• Reduced from 52 micrograms of Cr(VI) per
cubic meter of air as an eight-hour time
weighted average (TWA) to 5 µg/m3
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This cannot be achieved by rotation of employees
• Note: OSHA originally wanted to reduce the
PEL to 1 µg/m3
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Draft standard
Action Level
• 2.5 micrograms per cubic meter of air
Exposure Determination
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Employer has 2 choices
• Scheduled monitoring
• Performance oriented
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Must determine the 8-hour TWA
exposure for each employee
Scheduled Monitoring
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Initial monitoring
• Sufficient # of samples
• Full-shift exposure
• All job classifications
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Follow-up monitoring
• None if below action level
• 6 months if above action level
• 3 months if above PEL
Monitoring Guidelines
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If employee exposure exceeds PEL
• Employer must notify employee within 15 days
• Post information
• Written notification
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Accuracy of measuring equipment
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+/- 25%
Confidence level of 95%
Employees can observe monitoring
• Employer to provide personal protection
Performance Oriented
Option
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Air monitoring data
Historical monitoring data
Objective data
If employee exposure exceeds PEL
• Employer must notify employee within
15 days
• Post information
• Written notification
Engineering Controls
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Engineering controls mandatory with
exceptions
Effective date
• May 31, 2010
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Shall reduce the exposure below the
PEL
If not feasible, respiratory protection
must be used
Exceptions to Eng. Controls
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#1 - Aerospace
• Painting large aircraft
• Must reduce exposure below 25
micrograms
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Unless not feasible
Supplement with proper respiratory
protection
#2 - Employee is not exposed above
PEL for 30 or more days per year
PPE
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Respiratory Protection
• To comply, one can use a traditional
half-mask NIOSH approved respirator
with N-95 filters. For maximum
protection however, MSA recommends a
P-100 filter with a full facepiece.
• Respiratory program must be in
accordance with 29 CFR 1910.134
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A copy of this is available on the MSA web
site
Other PPE
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Work clothing
• Provided by employer where necessary
• No cost to employee
• Employer must ensure it is used
• Must be cleaned properly, taking
precautions to prevent contamination of
other employees
Medical Surveillance
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Employer to offer free of charge
All employees who may be exposed
above the action level for 30 or more
days per year
Employees showing signs of
exposure
Employees exposed in an emergency
Medical Surveillance Frequency
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Within 30 days of initial assignment, unless
employee had Cr(VI) exam within last 12 months
Annually
Within 30 days of PLHCP’s recommendation for
further exam
If employee shows signs or symptoms
Within 30 days of emergency exposure
At termination, unless last exam was within 6
months
Exam must include medical & work history,
history of respiratory problems, other specific
problems (listed in rule)
Medical Surveillance
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Employer must provide to PLHCP: copy of this
standard, a description of employees duties,
employees exposure level to CrVI, description of
PPE and how long used by employee, information
on previous employee medical exams
PLHCP’s written medical opinion: furnished within
30 days of exam, any detected medical condition
which affects work, employee limitations on work
and PPE usage, statement that the PLHCP has
explained results to employee
Employer must provide exam info in writing to
employee within 2 weeks of exam
Employee Education and
Communication
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Employer must provide a copy of
the standard to the employee
Employer must insure employee can
demonstrate knowledge of:
• The contents of this rule
• The purpose and description of medical
surveillance
Recordkeeping
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Employer must keep records of
• Air monitoring data
• Historical monitoring data
• Objective data
• Medical surveillance
Methods of Compliance
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Respiratory Protection
• Half-Mask
• Full Facepiece
• PAPR
• Air-Line Respirator
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Exposure determination
• Sampling Equipment
Advantage 200 LS
Respirators
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Any NIOSH
approved filter
P-100 (as shown)
is best
Can use up to 10X
the PEL
Advantage 3000 Respirator
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Full-Face
Respirator
Any NIOSH
approved filter
Can use up to 50X
the PEL
Powered Respirator (PAPR)
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Used with full-face
respirator
High Efficiency P100 filter
Can use up to 50X
the PEL
Air Line Respirators
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Constant- Flow
Positive Pressure
No filter required
Can be used up to 2000X the PEL
• You cannot exceed the maximum use
concentration.
Monitoring
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To test exposure
use an MSA
Escort® Elf
Sampling Pump
The procedure for
hexavalent
chromium calls for
particle collection
using a 37-mm, 5µm pore size PVC
filter.
QUESTIONS?
Thanks for attending!