USMC Med & Hvy Lift Performance Comparison

Payload - Radius Performance Comparison

Profiles: HLR ORD Sea Level to 3,000’ at Hot Day HLR ORD 3,000’ to 3,000’ at Hot Day 3,000’ to 10,000’ at ISA + 29ºC Aircraft: MV-22B, CH-53D ( 416’s), CH-53D (-416’s & IRB’s), CH-53E, CH-53K, CH-47F

(

Rev F, May 2009)

Douglas Ehlert (CH-47), Performance Engineer U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Research Development and Engineering Center Aeromechanics Division Huntsville, AL (256) 313-9012 [email protected]

Steven A. Woods, Senior Rotorcraft Performance Engineer John Steward (H-53), Robert Peacock (V-22), Performance Engineers Naval Air Systems Command Flight Vehicle Performance Branch, Air 4.3.2.2

Patuxent River, MD (301) 342-8527 [email protected]

USMC Med & Hvy Lift

Performance Groundrules (cont’d)

Performance Comparison

• • •

General

– Standard Day lapse rates; MIL SPEC 3013 Hot Day Atmosphere definition – Specified altitudes are Pressure Altitude – Zero wind for all segments – Vehicle characteristics reference: Certified NAVAIR 4.3.2.2 Performance databases – CH-47F performance provided by U.S. Army AMRDEC, Huntsville, AL

Hover Performance

– All hovers are Out of Ground Effect (OGE) – Hover OGE employs 100% of takeoff power available • Shipboard Hovers/Takeoffs use 10% Power Margin • Land based Hovers/Takeoffs at 3,000 ft use 5% Power Margin • High altitude missions from 3,000 ft to 10,000 ft use zero Power Margin

Cruise Performance

– All Engines Operating (AEO) – Cruise legs are performed at speed for 99% of maximum specific range (V exception is the MV-22 External Load which is 28 sq ft .99BR

) – External Loads, where applied, are valued at 56 sq ft of Equivalent Flat Plate Drag; 2 AIR 4.3.2.2

22 May 2009

USMC Med & Hvy Lift

Performance Groundrules

Performance Comparison

• •

Propulsion System

– NAVAIR 4.4.7 engine installation factors – Engine power available and fuel flow is spec – Exceptions: • CH-53K Power available is Maximum Deteriorated as defined by GE Cycle Deck • CH-53K Fuel Flow increased by 5% above spec for unknown/anticipated installation effects on a newly designed, untested aircraft • CH-53K Hover Weights are based on Sikorsky derived power available, for these conditions only. Sikorsky power available for hover was deemed to be more representative of current estimated installed performance based on NAVAIR 4.4.7 and Sikorsky agreement.

– CH-53D and CH-53D with IRB’s are equipped with T64-GE-416 engines

Weights

– NAVAIR 4.1.7 Official Weight Empty, Basic Weight, Operating Weight Empty, and Projected Production Weight Empty for MV-22B, CH-53E, CH-53K – AMRDEC Weights used for CH-47F 3 AIR 4.3.2.2

22 May 2009

USMC Med & Hvy Lift

Weights Summary

Performance Comparison (LBS) MV-22B 1 CH-53E Empty Weight Basic Weight Fixed Useful Load Operating Weight Empty Full Fuel Maximum Int. Payload GW

33,753 936 34,689 11,700 526,002

Maximum Ext. Payload GW

526,002 38,550 882 39,432 15,545 69,750 73,500

CH-53K 3

43,944 45,842 2,279 48,121 15,545 74,000 88,000

CH-47F 4

25,425 28,937 1,581 30,518 6,911 50,000 50,000

CH-53D ( 416’s) CH-53D IRB ( 416’s)

23,542 23,622 1,787 25,409 13,178 42,000 23,542 23,622 1,787 25,409 13,178 42,000 42,000 42,000 AIR 4.3.2.2

22 May 2009 Notes: 1.

MV-22B April 2009 Block B FUL and OWE shown for Pre-Assault Raid Mission (A-2) 2.

Max Vertical Takeoff Gross Weight 3.

4.

CH-53K Basic Weight, FUL, and OWE shown for OMFTS A-1 Mission CH-47F Basic Weight, FUL, and OWE shown for external lift missions 4

USMC Med & Hvy Lift

Hover OGE Weights

Performance Comparison

Sea Level Hovers include a 10% Power Margin for shipboard ops 3K’ 91.5°F Hovers include a 5% Power Margin 3K’ ISA +29°C Hovers have zero Power Margin 10K’ ISA + 29°C Hovers have zero Power Margin CH 53D’s are equipped with T64-GE-416 engines

(LBS) Sea Level / 103º F (External) Sea Level / 103º F (Internal) MV-22B

50,755 50,755

CH-53E

58,041 58,041

CH-53K

88,000 74,000

CH-47F

45,784 46,819

3000 ft / 91.5º F (External) 3000 ft / 91.5º F (Internal) 3000 ft / 100.5°F (ISA + 29°C) 10,000 ft / 75.5º F (External) 10,000 ft / 75.5º F (Internal)

47,734 47,734 not req’d not req’d 37,716 56,769 56,769 58,154 46,925 47,399 84,948 74,000 84,833 69,335 70,021 44,314 44,672 not req’d 36,473 36,768

CH-53D

39,694 39,694

CH-53D IRB

39,312 39,312 38,082 38,082 38,003 38,132 38,132 38,137 31,395 31,395 31,821 31,821 5 AIR 4.3.2.2

22 May 2009

USMC Med & Hvy Lift

MV-22B Block 2 Weights

AIR 4.3.2.2

22 May 2009

April 2009 STATUS LAT WEIGHT / DRAG / RADIUS PROJECTED WEIGHT (Lot 13/ Lot 14)) EMPTY WEIGHT FUL OWE PAYLOAD FUEL CAPACITY AVAILABLE FUEL MIDPOINT LIMIT TOGW DRAG (SQ.FT.) MISSION RADIUS (NM) BLOCK B PROJ 33,753 887 34,640 5,760 11,700 7,334 -- 47,734 34.27

233.1

SPEC WEIGHT (Lot 12) EMPTY WEIGHT FUL OWE PAYLOAD FUEL CAPACITY AVAILABLE FUEL MIDPOINT LIMIT TOGW DRAG (SQ.FT.) MISSION RADIUS (NM) VMAX (KTAS) BLOCK B SPEC BLOCK B PROJ SPEC 34,149 887 35,036 5,760 11,700 6,938 -- 47,734 34.27

218.7

TOGW 48,124 47,688 SPEC 34,149 424 34,573 10,000 11,700 3,161 -- 47,734 34.27

52.1

SPEED 281.1

281.3

LAC BLOCK B PROJ 33,753 424 34,177 10,000 11,700 3,557 -- 47,734 34.27

64.3

AAT BLOCK B PROJ 33,753 1,034 34,787 5,760 11,700 10,208 47,734 50,755 34.27

97.6

SPEC 34,149 1,034 35,183 5,760 11,700 9,812 47,734 50,755 34.27

90.7

6

AAC BLOCK B PROJ 33,753 571 34,324 10,000 11,700 6,431 47,734 50,755 34.27

123.1

SPEC 34,149 571 34,720 10,000 11,700 6,035 47,734 50,755 34.27

111.6

PAR BLOCK B PROJ 33,753 936 34,689 4,980 11,700 11,086 47,734 50,755 34.27

299.1

MVSD 58k Refuel Limit BLOCK B PROJ 33,753 4,484 38,237 0 20,472 18,426 -- 56,663 34.69

2250.3

SPEC 34,149 936 35,085 4,980 11,700 10,690 47,734 50,755 34.27

285.4

SPEC 34,149 4,484 38,633 0 20,472 18,425 -- 57,058 34.69

2240.4

Performance Comparison

USMC Med & Hvy Lift

CH-53K Weights

Performance Comparison

AIR 4.3.2.2

22 May 2009 7

USMC Med & Hvy Lift

CH-47F Weights

External Mission Gross Weight Buildup - Weight Report for M8701, 7-22-08 The only difference between Internal and External weight is the Tiedown weight of 50 lbs Note that any external payload calculated will include weight of cables and rings.

Weight (lbs)

Weight Empty

Unusable Fuel Trapped Fuel Trapped Oil Unusable Oil Flexible Guns (3) 25425 M8025 22 M8025 40 M8025 25 M8025 45 M8025 131 271-10 MCUs (5) Minus Fine Screens Add EAPS IRSS Delta CMWS 5th Sensor ATIRCM BPS (Crew only) HICHS Air Warrior Blue Force Tracker L/R Crashworthy Crew Seats M4 Mount Flux Valve HUMS Minus Troop Seats, Belts, Supports 66 M8025 -103 271-10 324 271-10 220.5

12 314 1311 878 136 46 80 5 5 124 -169 271-10

CH-47F Basic Weight

28937 Pilot w/ gear Copilot w/gear Crew w/gear (3) Ammo (1200 rds) Flare (120) Chaff (120) Survival Kits (2) AMSS Toolbox Case of Engine oil Case of Hydraulic Fluid

External Load Missions:

Gross Weight less usable fuel/cargo Tank Capacity (mains and fwd/aft aux)

Internal Load Missions

Tiedowns for Internal Load Mission Add Troop Seats, Belts, Supports Gross Weight less usable fuel/cargo Tank Capacity (mains and fwd/aft aux) 240 TSM 240 TSM 720 TSM 78 271-10 60 271-10 39 271-10 64 M8025 35 TSM - last analysis from TSM was 72 lbs (probably x2) 52 TSM (previous) 53 TSM (previous)

30518.1

6911 1030 gal x 6.71 lbs/gal 50 169

30737.1

6911 8 AIR 4.3.2.2

22 May 2009

Performance Comparison

USMC Med & Hvy Lift

Exceptions to Standard Mission Profiles

Performance Comparison

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

MV-22B: 1.

(MV-22B missions were run using mission profile definitions recognized by PMA-275 with the following differences) Segment 1 - Warm-up performed as 10 minutes at Idle Power instead of 5 minutes at MCP (124 lbs less) Segment 2 - VTO & Hover performed for 1 minute for internal payload missions instead of 2 minutes (82 lbs less) No 2-minute hover performed prior to final landing (140 lbs less) External payload drag is 28 sq ft Amphibious Troops/Internal Payload consists of two cycles before refueling; mission radius shown for the MV-22B in profile C-2 is flown twice.

MV-22B maintains a 5% Power Margin for shipboard takeoffs according to established mission groundrules 9 AIR 4.3.2.2

22 May 2009

USMC Med & Hvy Lift

AIR 4.3.2.2

22 May 2009

DATA:

HLR ORD Profiles at Hot Day OMFTS (A-1) (External Payload) OMFTS (A-2) (Internal Payload) OMFTS/OEO (B) (External Payload) OMFTS/OEO (C-2) (Internal Payload) SOA (D) (External Payload) SOA (E-2) (Internal Payload) ISA + 29 ºC Day 3,000 ft to 10,000 ft (External Payload) 3,000 ft to 10,000 ft (Internal Payload) 10

Performance Comparison

USMC Med & Hvy Lift

OMFTS Mission Description

(Amphibious Pre-Assault / Raid Operations – Ext/Int Payload, A-1/2)

Performance Comparison

4 5 7 6 8 9, 10 1, 2 3 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

110 nm Requirement

Entire mission at Hot Day conditions Warm-up for 5 minutes at Maximum Continuous Power at sea level / 39.4

°C VTO to hover OGE for 2 minutes; pick up External Load if Applicable Cruise out at Best Cruise Speed (V BC ) to max radius (legs 3 + 4) Climb on course at Best Climb Speed (V BROC ) to 3,000 ft Hover OGE for 5 minutes; land if applicable; offload ext/int payload; VTO if applicable Loiter at Best Endurance Speed (V BE ) for 30 minutes Descend to sea level (no fuel / time /distance credit) Cruise back at Best V BC to max radius (equal to legs 3 + 4) Hover OGE for 2 minutes; perform vertical landing Land with reserves (greater of 10% of initial mission fuel or fuel for 20 minutes at V BE at sea level) 11 AIR 4.3.2.2

22 May 2009

USMC Med & Hvy Lift

40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 AIR 4.3.2.2

22 May 2009 50

OMFTS Pre-Assault Raid External Lift Mission Mission A-1 Performance Comparison

The MV-22B Pre-Assault Raid Mission is run with internal payload only.

100 150

Radius ~NM

200 12 250 CH-53E CH-53K CH-47F CH-53D IRB CH-53D 300 350

USMC Med & Hvy Lift

25 20 15 10

OMFTS Pre-Assault Raid Internal Lift Mission Mission A-2

CH-53E CH-53K MV-22B CH-47F CH-53D IRBs CH-53D

Performance Comparison

5 0 0 AIR 4.3.2.2

22 May 2009 50 100 150 200

Radius ~NM

13 250 300 350 400

USMC Med & Hvy Lift

OMFTS/OEO Mission Description

(Amphibious External Lift, B)

Performance Comparison

4 5 6 9, 10 1, 2 8 3 7 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

110 nm Requirement

Entire mission at Hot Day conditions Warm-up for 5 minutes at Maximum Continuous Power at sea level / 39.4

°C VTO to hover OGE for 2 minutes; pick up External Load Cruise out at Best Cruise Speed (V BC ) to max radius (legs 3 + 4) Climb on course at Best Climb Speed (V BROC ) to 3,000 ft Hover OGE for 5 minutes; offload external payload Descend to sea level (no fuel / time /distance credit) Cruise back at V BC to max radius (equal to legs 3 + 4) Loiter at Best Endurance Speed (V BE ) for 15 minutes Hover OGE for 2 minutes; perform vertical landing Land with reserves (greater of 10% of initial mission fuel or fuel for 20 minutes at V BE at sea level) 14 AIR 4.3.2.2

22 May 2009

USMC Med & Hvy Lift

40 10 5 0 0 AIR 4.3.2.2

22 May 2009 35 30 25 20 15 50

OMFTS/OEO Amphibious External Lift Mission Mission B Performance Comparison

Drag of external load for CH-47 & CH 53’s is 56 sq ft; for MV-22B is 28 sq ft (Medium Lift) 100 150

Radius ~ NMN

200 15 CH-53E CH-53K MV-22B CH-47F CH-53D IRBs CH-53D 250 300 350

USMC Med & Hvy Lift

OMFTS/OEO Mission Description

(Amphibious Troops/Int Payload, C-1/2)

Performance Comparison

AIR 4.3.2.2

22 May 2009 8 4 11 12, 13 1, 2 3 5 10 6 7 9 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

110 nm Requirement

Entire mission at Hot Day conditions Warm-up for 5 minutes at Maximum Continuous Power at sea level / 39.4

°C VTO to hover OGE for 2 minutes Climb at Best Climb Speed (V BROC ) to 1,000 ft Loiter at Best Endurance Speed (V BE ) for 40 minutes Descend to sea level (no fuel / time / distance credit) Cruise out at Best Cruise Speed (V BC ) to max radius (legs 6 + 7) Climb on course at V BROC to 3,000 ft Hover OGE for 5 minutes; land; offload troops/int payload; VTO Descend to sea level (no fuel / time /distance credit) Cruise back at V BC to max radius (equal to 6+ 7) Loiter at V BE for 15 minutes Hover OGE for 2 minutes; perform vertical landing Land with reserves (greater of 10% of initial mission fuel or fuel for 20 minutes at V BE at sea level) 16

USMC Med & Hvy Lift

25 20 15

OMFTS/OEO Amphibious Internal Lift Mission Mission C-2

10 5 0 0 50 100

MV-22B Flies this Radius Twice

AIR 4.3.2.2

22 May 2009 150

Radius ~NM

200 17 CH-53E CH-53K MV-22B CH-47F CH-53D IRBs CH-53D 250 300

Performance Comparison

350

USMC Med & Hvy Lift

SOA Mission Description

(Land Assault External Lift, D)

Performance Comparison

5 3 4 6, 7 1, 2 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

110 nm Requirement

Entire mission at Hot Day conditions Warm-up for 5 minutes at Maximum Continuous Power at 3,000 ft / 33.1

°C VTO to hover OGE for 2 minutes; pick up External Load Cruise out at Best Cruise Speed (V BC ) to max radius Hover OGE for 5 minutes; offload external payload Cruise back at V BC to max radius Hover OGE for 2 minutes; perform vertical landing Land with reserves (greater of 10% of initial mission fuel or fuel for 20 minutes at V BE at 3,000 ft) 18 AIR 4.3.2.2

22 May 2009

USMC Med & Hvy Lift

40 35 5 0 0 AIR 4.3.2.2

22 May 2009 30 15 10 25 20 50

SOA Land Assault External Lift Mission Mission D

CH-53E CH-53K MV-22B CH-47F CH-53D IRBs CH-53D

Performance Comparison

Drag of external load for CH-47 & CH 53’s is 56 sq ft; for MV-22B is 28 sq ft (Medium Lift) 100 150 200

Radius ~NM

19 250 300 350 400

USMC Med & Hvy Lift

SOA Mission Description

(Land Assault Troops/Int Payload, E-1/2)

Performance Comparison

5 3 4 6, 7 1, 2 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

110 nm Requirement

Entire mission at Hot Day conditions Warm-up for 5 minutes at Maximum Continuous Power at 3,000 ft / 33.1

°C VTO to hover OGE for 2 minutes Cruise out at Best Cruise Speed (V BC ) to max radius Hover OGE for 5 minutes; land; offload troops/int payload, VTO Cruise back at V BC to max radius Hover OGE for 2 minutes; perform vertical landing Land with reserves (greater of 10% of initial mission fuel or fuel for 20 minutes at V BE at 3,000 ft) 20 AIR 4.3.2.2

22 May 2009

USMC Med & Hvy Lift

25 20 15 10 5

SOA Land Assault Internal Lift Mission Mission E-2

CH-53E CH-53K MV-22B CH-47F CH-53D IRBs CH-53D

Performance Comparison

0 0 AIR 4.3.2.2

22 May 2009 50 100 150 200 250

Radius ~NM

21 300 350 400 450

USMC Med & Hvy Lift

3K’ to 10K’ Mission Description

External Lift

Performance Comparison

4 5 6 7 8, 9 1, 2 3

Mission Radius

Entire mission at Standard (ISA) Day and ISA + 29 ºC conditions 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

Warm-up for 5 minutes at Maximum Continuous Power at 3,000 ft.

VTO to hover OGE for 2 minutes; pick up External Load Cruise out at Speed for 99% of Best Range (V .99BR

) to max radius (legs 3 + 4) Climb on course at Best Climb Speed (V BROC ) to 10,000 ft Hover OGE for 5 minutes; offload external payload Descend to 3,000 ft. (no fuel / time /distance credit) Cruise back at Best V .99BR

to max radius (equal to legs 3 + 4) Hover OGE for 2 minutes; perform vertical landing Land with reserves (greater of 10% of initial mission fuel or fuel for 20 minutes at V BE at sea level) 22 AIR 4.3.2.2

22 May 2009

USMC Med & Hvy Lift

25 20 15 10 5 0 0 AIR 4.3.2.2

22 May 2009 50

External Lift Mission, ISA + 29ºC, 3K’ to 10K’ 0% Hover Power Margin Performance Comparison

Previous study done for HQMC in March 2009 from which this data was taken looked at MV-22B carrying only internal payloads for this profile.

CH-53E CH-53K CH-47F CH-53D IRBs CH-53D 100 150

Radius ~ NM

200 23 250 300 350

USMC Med & Hvy Lift

3K’ to 10K’ Mission Description

Internal Lift

Performance Comparison

4 5 6 7 8, 9 1, 2 3

Mission Radius

Entire mission at Standard (ISA) Day and ISA + 29 ºC conditions 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

Warm-up for 5 minutes at Maximum Continuous Power at 3,000 ft.

VTO to hover OGE for 1 minute Cruise out at Speed for 99% of Best Range (V .99BR

) to max radius (legs 3 + 4) Climb on course at Best Climb Speed (V BROC ) to 10,000 ft Hover OGE for 5 minutes; land; offload troops/internal payload, VTO Descend to 3,000 ft. (no fuel / time /distance credit) Cruise back at Best V .99BR

to max radius (equal to legs 3 + 4) Hover OGE for 2 minutes; perform vertical landing Land with reserves (greater of 10% of initial mission fuel or fuel for 20 minutes at V BE at sea level) 24 AIR 4.3.2.2

22 May 2009

USMC Med & Hvy Lift

25 20

Internal Lift Mission, ISA + 29 ºC, 3K’ to 10K’ 0% Hover Power Margin Performance Comparison

15 10 5 CH-53E CH-53K MV-22B CH-47F CH-53D IRBs CH-53D 0 0 AIR 4.3.2.2

22 May 2009 50 100 150 200

Radius ~ NM

25 250 300 350 400