Transcript Edward Tinoco

The Impact of High Performance
Computing and Computational
Fluid Dynamics on Aircraft
Development
Edward N. Tinoco
Technical Fellow
Enabling Technology & Research
Airplane Configuration, Integration & Performance
Boeing Commercial Airplanes
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Tools for Aerodynamic Development
of Aircraft Configurations
Flight Test
Wind Tunnel
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
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Computational Fluid Dynamics
Aerodynamic flows are characterized as compressible,
viscous (high Reynolds number turbulent) flows.
Direct Numerical Simulation
Large Eddy Simulation
Detached Eddy Simulation w/RANS
Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes
Euler
1980’s
Full Potential
With Coupled Boundary Layer
Linear Potential (Panel Methods)
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1990’s
1970-80’s
1960’s
2080
2045
2000’s
Practical
Limit for
Complete
Airplane
Applications
Timeline of the Use of Computational
Fluid Dynamics in Aircraft Development
2-D Linear
Potential
1 MFLOP
1965
1960
10 MFLOP
1970
Supersonic
Transport
2-D Airfoil
Development
Wing-Body
Full-Potential
Transonic Analysis
General 3-D
Linear Potential
Linearized
Supersonic
100 MFLOP
1980
1975
Joint CFD/Wind Tunnel
Studies unlock the secret
of nacelle/wing interferencex drag
1985
767 757
737-300
c
h
1980 state of the art
General 3-D
Full-Potential
Transonic Analysis
1 GFLOP
1985
Full-Potential
Transonic Design
10 GFLOP
1990
21% thicker faster wing
than 757, 767 technology.
Best economics in class
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© 2009
2009 Boeing.
Boeing. All
All rights
rights reserved.
reserved.
Copyright
Wing-Body
General 3-D
Multipoint
Reynolds Averaged optimization Reynolds Averaged
Navier-Stokes
design
Navier-Stokes
Unstructured
Adaptive Grid
3-D N-S
100 GFLOP
2000
2010
1995
777
Modern close coupled
nacelle installation, 0.02
Mach faster than 737-200
Enabled by CFD
737NG
Highly constrained wing
design. Faster wing than
737-300. Highest selling
commercial airplane ever
2005
787 747-8
Faster and more efficient than previous
medium size aircraft
lowest operating
costs and best
economics of any
large airplane
What is the Measure of Value in
Computational Fluid Dynamics?
• The value of reduced wind tunnel testing due to the use of CFD
 In the past 20 years the use of CFD has provided significant cost
savings
105
F-111
104
DC-8
B-52
B-1
747 F-15
737
B-47
707
103
102
CFD
Impact
SHUTTLE
DC-6
B-29
WRIGHT
FLYER
B-17
DC-3
10
1900 1920
1940
1960
YEAR
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1980
2000
Wind Tunnel Hours
Wind Tunnel Hours
106
-25 %
-30 %
767
777-200
787
(1980)
(1990)
(2005)
The Challenge
The Flight Envelope
• One complete airplane development
requires about 50,000 to 100,000
aerodynamic simulations.
• Flight test is used to validate and
certify that the aircraft is safe over the
entire range flight conditions
mandated by law.
• The challenge is to further push the
use of CFD into the edges of the flight
envelope.
Velocity - VEAS
 Higher quality data earlier in the design phase for Multidisciplinary Design
Optimization – big driver on reducing cost
 “Good enough” aerodynamic data base to reduce number of design
cycles
 Higher quality full scale flight simulation – avoid costly surprises in flight
test
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What is the Measure of Value in
Computational Fluid Dynamics?
• The value of reduced wind tunnel testing due to the use of CFD
 In the past 20 years the use of CFD has provided significant cost
savings. This is a small fraction of the value CFD delivered.
A much greater value of CFD in the Commercial arena is………..
• The
added value of the product due to the use of CFD
 Achieving design solutions that are otherwise unreachable.
 Shortening the design development process.
 Getting it right the first time.
 NOT getting it right the first time results in:
 Very lengthy and costly development to fix it
 Possible cancelation/termination of the program
 Putting the Company at risk
Copyright © 2009 Boeing. All rights reserved.
Copyright © 2009 Boeing. All rights reserved.
Extra Material
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Boeing Puget Sound
HPC Environment
•
•
•
•
2001
Cray T916
SGI Origin
~0.100 Tflops
Full Potential + BL
– e.g. Tranair
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•
•
•
•
2009
Cray X1
PC clusters
~50 Tflops
Navier-Stokes
– e.g. CFD++, CFL3D,
OVERFLOW
CFD Contributions to 787
Reynolds-Number Corrections
Wind-Tunnel Design Validation
Wing-Tip Design
Vertical Tail and
Aft Body Design
Aeroelastics
High-Lift Wing
Design
Control-Surface
Failure Analysis
APU Inlet
And Ducting
APU and Propulsion
Fire Suppression
Planform
Design
Design For
Stability &
Control
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Buffet
Boundary
High-Speed Wing
Design
ExhaustSystem Design
Avionics Cooling
Wing
Controls
Flutter
Vortex Generators
Icing
Cabin
Noise
Cab Design
Interior
Air
Quality
Wing-Body
ECS Inlet
Air-Data
Design Fairing Design
System
Location
Inlet Design
• Thrust-Reverser
Inlet Certification
Engine/Airframe
Design
Engine-Bay Thermal
Integration
• Community
Design for FOD
Analysis
Noise
Prevention
Nacelle Design
Cost and Flowtime Characteristics of
Wind Tunnels and CFD
The use of new CFD is driven by desperation.
Desperation to remain competitive!
One complete airplane development requires about 50,000 to
100,000 aerodynamic simulations
Today
Desired Future State
CFD – Design, Most
Data Base Building
Cost,
Flowtime
Data Base
Building
100 1,000 10,000 100,000 10
Number of Simulations
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10
Wind Tunnel –
Validation
Special
Conditions
100 1,000 10,000 100,000
Number of Simulations
Closing Thoughts
• CFD exists to enable new solutions to problems, reduce airplane
development cost, and reduce time to market
• CFD can allow you to safely explore areas of the flight regime
without putting a pilot at risk
• CFD can allow you to analyze conditions for which physical
simulation is either very expensive or not possible, such as
hypersonic propulsion systems and full flight Reynolds number
testing
• Accuracy, robustness and timeliness are the keys to acceptance
and use in an industrial environment
• Impediments: applications that do not scale well (to 1000’s of
processors with sufficient memory) – this is science; resources to
run 1000s of flight conditions on 100’s of processors – this is the
business of engineering
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