Transcript UNH Bio-Oil Presentation

Snatching Victory from
the Jaws of Defeat :
The Bio-Oil Research
Team at UNH
Project Funded by
NH Industrial Research Center
January 2002- Present
UNH TEAM:
Dr. Ihab Farag
Christopher Barrett
Caitlin LaClair
Coatings, Composites & Green Chemistry Workshops and Poster Sessions,
MUB Strafford Rm, UNH, Durham, NH , June 5, 2002
Bleak
Horizons…
• Closing of the BerlinGorham paper mills
• Faltering wood chip
electric plant
• Many left unemployed
• Excess low grade
wood in NH
Bio-Oil:Promise
of the Future
Uses Low Quality Excess
Wood
Produced by Fast Pyrolysis.
Dynamotive Yield 60-80 wt%
 Viscous dark oil (looks like
espresso coffee).
HV = 7,500 Btu/lb (about half
of #2 fuel Oil HV).
Why look to Bio-Oil Vs.
Wood or Fuel?
• Environmental Considerations
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No SOx Emissions
CO2 Neutral
No HG or Dioxin emission
50% lower NOx emissions than diesel fuel.
• Renewable and Locally Produced
• CO2 credit / Alternative fuel credit
• Storage and Transportation
• Additional Products (green chemicals)
• Northern NH Economy
Why NH North Country?
• NH Forest-based
industry employ more
11,500 person, and
generate $3.9 B in goods
and service.
• Wood, water, and labor
are available.
• Opportunity to introduce
Bio-Oil technology
Coos County
Carroll County
Partnering for
Success
• Collaborate with
stakeholders to
investigate production
of Bio-Oil in NH.
• UNH Bio-Oil, PSNH,
NH DRED, US DOE,
BEDCO, IRC, ECS,
SBDC, USDA Forest
Service, and UNH
cooperative extension
Goals of the UNH Bio-Oil Team
• Study the economic, social
environmental, and technical
aspects of Bio-Oil Production.
• Research Markets for Bio-Oil.
• Educate local communities
about Bio-Oil.
Fast Pyrolysis Products
• Bio-Oil
– Heating, power generation, green chemicals stock
– Other end uses are being explored.
• Char
– Energy Source
– Charcoal briquettes
• Non-Condensable Gases
– Recycled to provide heat for pyrolysis and drying.
Pyrolysis Process Diagram
Recycled non-condensable gases
Quencher
Wood
Chip
Feed
Wood
Grinding
Wood Chip
Drying
Char collector
Pyrolysis
Reactor
Bio-Oil
Storage
Unit
Challenges of Fast Pyrolysis
to Produce Bio-Oil
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Drying of Bio-mass
Small particle size necessary
Reactor Scale-up
Secondary Cracking
Coaly matter separation
Liquid gathering
Bio-Oil: Other Incentives
• The HB 284-FN- Bill (NH Clean Power Act)
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75% lower S02 emissions;
70% lower NOxemissions;
75% lower Hg emissions;
7% lower than 1990 C02 emissions
By 2007.
• Environmental Action Programs (EAP)
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Rural Development
Economic Recovery
Forest Products Conservation
Wood in Transportation
• Farm Bill 2002-The Forestry Title www.pinchot.org/pic/farmbill
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Forest Land Enhancement Programs (FLEP)
Sustainable Forestry Outreach Initiative
Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP)
Environmental Action Programs (EAP)
Bio-Oil Progress
• Independent Preliminary Economic
Analysis by UNH
• Consistent with studies by Cole Hill and
Associates.
• On-going Research of technical and
environmental impacts and issues.
• Market Feasibility of Bio-Oil End Users
Bio-Oil Markets on the Horizon
Cog RW
Locomotives
Coal Dust
Suppression
• Research Feasibility
of Replacing Coal
 Dust Suppression
and Btu Enhancement
for Coal Piles. .
Paving Applications
 Exploring Bio-Oil as
environmentally- friendly
substitution in Paving
Applications.
Areas Currently Being
Researched
• Storage and longevity
• Low pH/ high acidity
• Immiscibility with non-aqueous
liquids
• Combustion/Co-Firing
• Market Feasibility
Composition & Properties
• Storage Stability
Problems- viscosity
increases with time.
• Combustion
Problems Associated
with Aging- particulate
size increases because of
polymerization reactions in
heated bio-oil causing
equipment clogs or frequent
filter changes.
Concentrations wt%
Water
Methanol Insolvable Solids
& Lignin
Cellubiosan
Glyoxal
Pine/Spruce
53 / 47 ww/bark
23.4
24.9
1.9
1.9
Hydroxyacetaldehyde
10.2
Levoglucosan
6.3
Formaldehyde
3
Formic Acid
3.7
Acetic Acid
4.2
Acetol
4.8
From DynaMotive.com
Storage Effect on Bio-Oil Viscosity
Estimated Operational Cost of
Bio-Oil Facility
2%
Utilities, production
Maintenance
5%
Utilities, other
6%
Supplies & Services
6%
4%
Property Taxes
16%
Payroll
61%
Purchasing Wood
NH Fuel Cost Comparison
Fuel Type
Cost per Unit
BTU per Unit
Heating System
Efficiency
Cost per 100,000 BTU
Oil
Kerosene Propane Natural Electric Wood
Gas
$1.116
$1.468 $1.414 $0.700 $0.104
$185
per gal
per gal
per gal per therm
138,000
134,000
91,000 100,000
per gal
per gal
per gal per therm
80%
80%
$1.01
Fuel Type Bio-Oil
Moisture Content of Wood
Plant Size
Base Cost per Unit
$1.37
$1.94
80%
$0.87
per cord
$0.40
per gal
3412 24,000,000 70,503
per kWh
per cord
per gal
100%
60%
80%
$3.06
$1.28
$0.71
25%
35%
55%
25%
35%
55%
50 tpd
50 tpd 50 tpd 400 tpd 400 tpd 400 tpd
$ 0.55 $ 0.67 $ 1.06 $ 0.50 $ 0.61 $ 0.98
per gal
BTU per Unit
80%
per kWh
Cole-Hill
Bio-Oil
per gal
per gal
per gal
per gal
per gal
70,503
per gal
Heating System Efficiency
Cost per 100,000 BTU
80%
$0.98
$1.19
$1.88
$0.89
$1.08
The values for Cole Hill Associates analysis was done in conjuncture with
DynaMotive and is a base price.
$1.74
Size of Plant vs. Production
cost per gal Bio-Oil
1.10
1.00
55% moisture
content
$/gal
0.90
0.80
35% moisture
content
0.70
0.60
0.50
25% moisture
content
0.40
50
100
150
200
250
Tons Per Day Woodchips
300
350
400
Future Bio-Oil Considerations
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Chemical feed stock
Mixture with diesel
Retrofitting of fuel burning equipment
Emulsion of Bio-Oil and Fuel Oil
“Greener” pavings
Replacing Creosotes in utility poles
Industrial Boilers and Kiln Market
Acknowledgements
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Henry Mullaney, IRC
Ron Tetu, PSNH
Dennis Cote, BEDCO
Arthur Greenberg, CEPS
Craig Wright, DES
Michelle Andy, DES
Gerald Stewart, Cole Hill Associates
References
• http://www.dynamotive.com
• SciTechLibrary.com. The Review of Modern Tehcnologies of the
Production of Liquid Fuel from Biomass using Fast Pyrolysis.
June 12, 2000.
• Bridgewater, Prof. Tony. A Guide to Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass
for Fuels and Chemicals. PyNe Guide 1. March 1999.
• Cost Analysis Assumptions based also based on Patent
5,853,548
• NH Department of Resources and Economic Development.
Identifying and Implementing Alternatives to Sustain the WoodFired Electricity Generating Industry in New Hampshire. January
2002
• J.P. Diebold. A Review of the Chemical and Physical
Mechanisms of the Storage Stability of Fast Pyrolysis Bio-Oils.
Thermalchemie, Inc. Lakewood, Colorado. January 2000.
• http://www.pinchot.org/pic/farmbill/
UNH Bio-Oil Team Contacts
Ihab Farag, UNH ph: 1-603-862-2313
[email protected]
Christopher Barrett ph: 1-603-862-4395
[email protected]
Caitlin LaClair ph: 1-603-862-4395
[email protected]
Chemical Engineering Dept, University of New Hampshire
255 Kingsbury Hall, Durham, NH 03824-3591, USA, fax: 603-862-3747