Transcript GE PowerPoint Template

Unconventional Gas- Shale gas, tight
gas and coal seam gas
1
May 2010
Frac water handling
Industry will look for a variety of solutions
Water processing options selected examples
Advantages
1. Fresh water => Inject Frac => Disposal well
Low cost … potential liability
2. Fresh water => Limited Pretreat TSS=> Inject Fresh/Frac Blend => Disposal well
Reduced fresh water
3. Fresh water => Pretreat MB/TSS/Metals => Inject Fresh/Frac Blend => Disposal well
Reduces chemical treatment need
4. Fresh water => Pretreat => TDS Evaporator => Inject Fresh/Fresh blend => Salt disposal/sale
Recycle fresh water; Cleanest option
Mobile Plants
- MB Reduction
- TSS Filtration
- TDS Evaporator
Central Plants
- Pretreatment
- TDS Evaporator
- Crystallizers / Salt
Truck/pipe for deep
injection or Municipal
water treatment
- Limited treatment before
disposal or transfer
Fresh
Water
Frac water
pond
Frac
Water
Reuse of
diluted high
TDS water
Ground
Water
well
Frac water
disposal
well
7,00012,000 ft
Frac water flow back profile
Industry trending toward field water
processing of early volumes
Centralized processing for
recycle and or pipeline-railtrucking for injection disposal
High
Volume,
Low TDS
Low
Volume,
High TDS
Time
30 days
90 days
Unique geology, geography, and producer practice in each region
Pretreatment can include
TDS: Total dissolved solids – salinity etc
TSS/ MB/ Metals/ NORM filtration
TSS: Total suspended solids – larger particles.
Source: GE Water unconventional gas team
MB: Micro biological
Source Water Filtration- Mobile
Ultrafiltration
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May 2010
Benefits to Filtration
Effectively removes TSS, Iron, Mn and
organics including SRB’s and APB’s.
Reduces or eliminates the need for toxic
biocides in source water for hydraulic
fracturing. May reduce other chemicals as
well.
Potential for a better frac job given the
cleaner water.
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Identified Need:
•TSS Reduction
•Elimination/Minimization of Chemicals
•Mobile
•4200 GPM
0.02-0.1 μm
Conventional Pretreatment
SRB/APB Range
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Building Block Design
Fiber
Module
Rack
Train
Mobile
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Conceptual Flows: 4 Trailers
4600 GPM
4200 GPM
~400 GPM
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M-PAK-1000 Major On-Board Components
•Feed:
– 1150 GPM
– 15-90 PSI
– 35-85F
– 8” Flange
• (2) 100% Feed Pumps
• (2) 500 Micron Self Cleaning Screen
Filters
• (2) 40 Module Trains
• Filtrate Tank
• Permeate Pump
– 1000 gpm @ 30 PSIG
– 8” Flange
• Reject Pump
– 630 gpm @ 15 PSIG
– 6” Flange
•
•
•
•
•
Filtrate Tank
CIP Tank
CIP Tank Heater
Air Compressor/Blowers
Chem Feeds/Neutralization
– Sodium Hypochlorite
– Citric Acid
– Sodium Hydroxide
• PLC/HMI
– Automatic
– Manual
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Produced water recycling- Mobile
Evaporation
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May 2010
what drives water processing choice?
Multiple key factors in shale plays
• Availability of fresh water
• Quality of flowback water
• Proximity-availability of disposal wells/sites
• Environmental sensitivity of region
Marcellus
Barnett
Fayetteville
Haynesville
Water characteristics of key
shales
Marcellus Shale
Frac Water Volumes: 0.5MM-12 MM Gallons
Water Flowback Rates: 20%-40% first 25 days balance
>1 Yr 1200gal-70gal/day
Water Quality: 125,000 (mg/l TDS)
CTWT: Options of dilution or deep well injection disposal
determined by regulation and cost. Recycle options needed.
Fayetteville Shale
Frac Water Volumes: 0.5MM-2 MM Gallons
Water Flowback Rates: 30% initial30 days, balance over
5 Yr @ 800gal-80gal/day
Water Quality: 13,000 (mg/l TDS)
CTWT: Truck/pipeline to Texas for deep well injection disposal
Barnett Shale
Haynesville Shale
Frac Water Volumes: 0.8MM-12 MM Gallons
Water Flowback Rates: 50% initial 30 days balance
over 6 Yr @ 1200gal-80gal/day
Water Quality: 82,000 (mg/l TDS and climbing
CTWT: Deep well injection disposal
Frac Water Volumes: 3MM-8MM Gallons
Water Flowback Rates: 30%-50% first 30 days, balance
>1Yr @ 1200gal/day
Water Quality: 100,000 (mg/l TDS)
CTWT: Truck/ pipeline to Texas for deep well injection disposal
CTWT: Current Typical Water Treatment
Source: GE Water Unconventional Gas Team
10
GE Water & Process Technologies Confidential
August 2010
water quality to design basis(SW Marcellus)
Frac water flow back
profile
High
Volume,
Low TDS
Low Volume,
High TDS
30 days
90 days
GE analysis utilized volume weighted averages
of individual wells and regions
11
GE Water & Process Technologies Confidential
August 2010
determine design basis
The specific objectives of the Marcellus test
program involved four areas:
1.
Develop process design basis
2.
Evaluate feed pretreatment
requirements
Identify optimum evaporator design
parameters
o
Maximum concentration factor
(CF)
o
Boiling point rise (BPR)
o
Tendencies for foaming,
fouling, scaling
o
Distillate composition
3.
4.
Evaluate Crystallizer Designs &
Performance
o
Boiling point rise (BPR)
o
Foaming, fouling
o
Salt purification / separation
12
GE Water & Process Technologies Confidential
August 2010
mobile frac evaporator
design basis
Feed rate = 47 gpm
Daily hours of operation = Continuous, 24 hours/day
Average feed concentration = 128,000 mg/l TDS
Target brine concentration = 280,000 mg/l TDS
Average feed volume = 68,000 gal/day (1610 bbl/day)
Average brine volume = 31,000 gal/day (730 bbl/day)
Average recovered water = 37,000 gal/day (880 bbl/day)
GE Water developed design criteria
13
GE Water & Process Technologies Confidential
August 2010
GE Proprietary
Draft, Privileged, and Confidential
mobile frac evaporator design features
Heat exchanger (HX) design
• 2-pass, forced circulation, tube & shell configuration
• Provides greater reliability (higher on-stream availability)
Mechanical vapor recompression (MVR) design
• dual turbofans in series configuration
• Lower power consumption (lower OPEX vs. competition)
Partial vacuum operation - brine temperature <75oC (167oF)
• Reduced fouling of heat exchange surfaces
Truck mounted design – fits within one standard trailer
• Truly mobile system, straight-forward setup, weather protected
Clearly demonstrates cutting edge technological expertise
14
GE Water & Process Technologies Confidential
August 2010
GE Proprietary
Draft, Privileged, and Confidential
Disposal Well Filtration- One Pass
Filter
15
May 2010
Membrane Technology
Reverse Osmosis
Ultrafiltration
Sand filtration
Nanofiltration
Microfiltration
One Pass
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
10
100mm
Reverse
Osmosis
Spiral wound/tubular:
best suited to NF/RO Hollow fiber: best
suited for MF/UF
Flat plate
Increasing pressure requirements
16
GE Customer Presentation
7/16/2015
GE Water & Process Technology
Salt Water Disposal Optimization
Combines Physical Separation & Chemistry
Optimization to reduce the Total Operating Cost of
Salt Water Disposal Well Operations:
•
Benefits Include
•
Minimizes Cost of tank cleaning
and maintenance due to the
accumulation of solids in the
tanks.
•
Minimizes Erosion due to
pumping high TSS waters.
•
Maximizes Performance and life
expectancy of the disposal well.
•
Reduced Chemical Demand
•
Minimizes Overall Operating Cost
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May 2010
Filter Vessel
Engineered Vessels
18
GE Customer Presentation
7/16/2015
Particle Size Analysis
in
out
1887.29
2097.98
1346.59
619.45
357.03
0.13
18.76
0.1
93
104.81
8.93
2.45
3.04
0.01
0.09
0.0001
% removal
0.95
0.95
0.99
1.00
0.99
0.92
1.00
1.00
20-May
19-May
13-May
13-May
12-May
6-May
6-May
7-May
9:30
7:30
9:30
2:45
10:15
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May 2010
Microbiological Testing
Date
Location
5/5/2009 Tk Inlet
5/6/2009 Tk Inlet
Filter in
Filter out
5/7/2009 Non AR inlet
AR inlet
Filter Out
Inlet SWD
5/8/2009 Tk Inlet
AR inlet
SWD inlet
5/9/2009 SWD in
5/12/2009 AR inlet
Filter inlet
Filter out
SWD inlet
5/13/2009 AR inlet
Filter inlet
Filter out
5/14/2009 M-1 test
5/19/2009 Gun Barrel in
Filter in
Filter out
SWD in
5/21/2009 Tk inlet
SRB
APB
4
4
4
0
4
4
0
4
2
8
4
8
4
2
0
4
2
2
0
0
1
2
0
1
0
4
4
4
1
4
4
1
4
8
8
4
7
5
5
1
7
2
2
2
2
7
2
2
8
5
20
May 2010