Transcript Why Use APA Style? - Youngstown State University

Teaching is . . .
a psychological endeavor.
a social science.
a profession rather than a job.
APA is used to provide a consistent
format across a discipline.
APA stands for
American
Psychological
Association
The conventions of APA
notation have been
employed to provide unity
in the knowledge base
across the field. Related
fields, like teaching, are
increasingly adopting
APA notation.
Why Use APA Style?
• APA style has been adopted by all 27 APA
journals (Msetfi,2009) and 1000
psychology journals worldwide
(plus others) – very important!
Why Use APA Style?
 To provide a consistent format across a
discipline
 To allow for readers to easily cross reference
your work
 To lend credibility to your writing
 To protect yourself from plagiarism
If we get all the correct information in
there, why can’t we just cite our
references any old way we choose?
It saves you, the
researcher, time
and toil when the
writer uses
convention in the
citation process.
Research:
Proper APA
formatting helps a
researcher (you)
follow the thread
of an idea back to
it’s source.
The references at the end of the material
you are using can provide great leads to
other source material.
Others have done this for you,
Shouldn’t
we pay it
forward?
Use APA to protect yourself from
Plagiarism!
The penalties
for plagiarism
can be severe
but so can the
consequences
for the victim.
That’s Great . . .
so where do I start?
Now that you know why APA or another
approved style of citation is required when
doing research and other writings in
academia . . .
Let’s talk about the how.
There are 4 main parts
in an APA paper
Title page
Abstract / Author’s Note
Main Body
References
Cover Sheet
The cover sheet and the title
page are not the same thing.
A separate title page should be
placed after the cover sheet and
before the body of the paper.
Items included on the cover
sheet vary as per instructor
requirements (Stoner M., 2006).
Page Numbers &Running Head
Do not put your name in the header.
Instead place it after the Main Title
with any university affiliations.
The first numbered page is the title
page (not the cover sheet)
beginning with the number 1.
The short title you will be using
throughout the paper must be less
than 50 characters.
Title Page
The “short title” that reflects the
basic focus of the paper should be
included in the upper left of the
header in ALL CAPS, along with
running page numbers in the upper
right of the page. These items
should be separated by at least 3-5
spaces.
This is also the page for an
authors note if applicable.
So we have a
page looking
something like this:
New conventions!
• No underlining . . . Anywhere.
• Use Italics to denote book, magazine,
journal and dissertation titles both in the
text and in references.
New conventions!
Punctuation Issues
• Use one space after sentence ending
punctuation in the body of the paper.
• Use “single quotes for ‘quotes’ within a quote”.
• Block quotes are indented from the body and do
not require quotation marks but are to be included
only if they are absolutely necessary.
• Do not end a sentence with a URL unless it is
enclosed in parenthesis.
Here are some common mistakes
to avoid . . .
Don’t cite a source of one type
as a source of a different type.
Know what material you are working
with. This is especially true with
sources that were retrieved from
electronic databases. A book found
online is not cited the same way as a
paper copy.
Reference Page
Use a hard page break inserted at the
end of the body of the paper to ensure that
the reference page(s) begin on a new
page.
Basic Source Choice
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Books
Trade or academic magazines
Journals
Periodicals
• NO popular magazines
• NO encyclopedias
• NO Wikipedia articles
Main Areas Of Concern
References
**(Book)**
Last name, First initial. (Year published).
Title of the Book. Location: Publisher
**(Electronic version of a Print Book)**
Last name, First initial. (Year published).
Title of the Book[ XXX reader version].
Retrieved from http://www.nameofsite.xxx
Journal Article References
**(Journal Article)**
Last name, First initial. (Year published). Title of the Journal,
volume(issue), pages.
(If the journal paginates continuously by volume no issue number is
needed.)
**( Electronicly retrieved Journal Article with no doi )**
Last name, First initial. (Year published) Title of the Article. Title of the
Journal, Volume(issue), page numbers. Retrieved from
http://www.nameofsite.xxx
**( Journal Article with doi )**
Last name, First initial. (Year published). Title of the Journal, Volume,
page numbers doi:xx.xxxxxxxx
Academic and Trade Magazines
**(Magazine Article)**
Last name, first initial. (Year published/month).
Title of the Article. Title of the Publication,
Volume(edition), page numbers.
**(Electronically retrieved Magazine Article)**
Last name, first initial. (Year published/ month)
Title of the Article. Title of the Publication,
Volume(edition), page numbers. Retrieved from
http://www.nameofsite.xxx
When citing a source in text:
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•
•
•
(Last name, year of publication)
Do not rename the author in the citation if you
have attributed the work in the sentence.
(Incorrect) Joseph Robertshaw said in his Power
Point presentation that double naming an author
was not acceptable (Robertshaw, 2010).
(Parenthetical) Joseph Robertshaw said in his
Power Point presentation that double naming an
author was not acceptable (2010).
(Textual) In 2010, Joseph Robertshaw said in
his Power Point presentation that double naming
an author was not acceptable.
Why not use the full name?
• Elimination of gender and
racial biases.
• Gender and racial anonymity are now
preferred. Use last names for in-text
citations. Use initial of first names and last
names for references rather than full
names.
The ideas of
Steven Smith
Shirley Smith and
Shivani Smith
all deserve equal consideration based
upon their work.
Green, Sean P., Shriberg, Donna, & Farber, Samuel. L. (2008). What’s Gender Got To Do With
Teachers’ Perception of Situation Severity and Requests for Assistance. Journal of
Educational and Psychological Consultation, 18, 346-373.
Holtgraves, T. Interpreting Questions and Replies: Effects of Face-Threat, Question Form, and Gender.
(1991)Social Psychology Quarterly, 54, 15-24.
Meyerhoff, M. (1998). Accommodating your data: the use and misuse of accommodation theory in
sociolinguistics. Language & Communication, 18, 205-225.
Otnes, C., Kim, K. & Kim, Y. C. (1994). Yes, Virginia, There is a Gender Difference: Analyzing Children’s
Requests to Santa Claus. Journal of Popular Culture, 28.
Oliver, B. (2000). Freud and the question of mediated social behaviour. Society in Transition, 31, 163-174.
Phillipsen, L. C. (1999) Associations Between Age, Gender, and Group Acceptance and Three
Components of Friendship Qualities. Journal of Early Adolescence, 4(1), 438-464.
Ruzickova, E. (2007). Strong and mild requestive hints and positive-face redress in Cuban Spanish.
Journal of Pragmatics,vol. 39, 1170-1202.
Seargeant, P. (2009). Language ideology, language theory, and the regulation of linguistic behaviour.
Language Sciences, 31, 345-359.
Wilson, D. W. (1980). Ambiguity and Helping Behavior. New York:Penguin, The Journal of Social
Psychology, 112, 155-156.
Wilson, T. P. (1970). Conceptions of Interaction and Forms of Sociological Explanation. American
Sociological Review, 697-710
Things to look for in a guide
• Second printing sixth edition or later!
(August 2009)
• Examples of each type of reference
• Easy to read and search format
• Spiral binding so that the book can lay
open on a flat surface.
• Size: Most people like portability.
ONLINE Reference Guides
List of helpful links to online APA style guides
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http://www.apastyle.org/manual/
http://www.cws.illinois.edu/workshop/writers/citatio
n/apa/
http://www.docstyles.com/archive/apacrib.pdf
http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/word-help/createa-bibliography-HA010067492.aspx
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/
http://www.lib.wsc.ma.edu/apastyle.htm
http://www.uwsp.edu/PSYCH/apa4b.htm
http://www.capilanou.ca/programs/psychology/stu
dents/apa/quick-apa.html
References
Dr. Crazy (2005, Nov 30) Why I bother to teach MLA Style even though . . .[text
blog] Http://crazyphd.blogspot.com/2005/11/why-i-bother-to-teach-mla-styleeven.html
Msetfi R. Phd. (2009) APA style, literature searching and EndNote [Power Point
Slides] www.lancs.uk/ihr/courses/dclinpsy/documents20089/researchDocs/teachingMaterials/APAlitSearchEndNote.ppt
Stoner, M. (v 4.0, 2006) Most common APA& PERRLA Mistakes. Retrieved 1/14/2009
from nursestoner.com/courses/APA%20and%20PERRLA.doc ([email protected])