Do Now

• Record in your agenda: no HW due next class  • Please clear your table top in preparation for our Revolutionary Vocabulary Quiz

• Questions #9 & #10 are “check up” questions– do your best on them, but you won’t be penalized for a “wrong” answer • When you finish your quiz: • Turn it in to Mrs. Green’s desk • Then, open your notebook to your Road to Revolution chart and Rights of Englishmen notes • To the best of your ability, determine which “Rights of Englishmen” are related to each Road to Revolution event– fill in your chart

The Road to Revolution continues

• Please turn to the next available page in your notebook following your Road to Revolution chart • Please title that paper:

The Road to the American Revolution continues

F.O.A. (Bellwork)

In one sentence, tell me who these guys are.

Colonists vs. Britain

Review

• What happened at the First Continental Congress?

• What happened at the Second Continental Congress?

• Which leader captured Fort Ticonderoga?

Questions

• What’s the name of the group that supported the idea of separating from Britain?

• What’s the name of the group that wanted to stay with Britain?

• There’s a third group that wanted to stay with Britain.

Reminder

• We have a quiz over Chapter 4, Sections 1 2 tomorrow.

• The material is on pages 112-121.

EQs

• What were the causes and consequences of the Revolutionary War? • What challenges did both the British and the Americans face during the American Revolution (physical, geography, etc.) • What role did compromise play in the creation of the United States Constitution?

Today

• Patriots vs. Loyalists

Patriots

• Colonists that came from many different backgrounds– wealthy and not-so-wealthy • Patriots throughout the colonies– but especially well known in New England (Boston: John Adams, Samuel Adams, etc.) • Also referred to as Whigs (for the political party in England that supported American independence) • 40-45% of colonial population

Loyalists

• The greatest number of Loyalists were found in the Middle and Southern colonies • Loyalists were colonists who had business trading with England, or who had government-appointed jobs (like tax collectors, etc.), or were members of the Anglican Church (the Church of England) • They were also known as Tories (after the English political party that did not support American independence) • 20-30% of colonial population

Neutralists

• Neutralist = colonists who did not favor either the Patriots or the Loyalists • 20 – 40% of colonial population

Patriots vs. Loyalists

• Create a T-chart on your paper • Label the left side:

Patriots

• Label the right side:

Loyalists

Patriot vs. Loyalist Arguments

• Working with your partner, you will need to analyze statements made during Colonial times.

• You will need to decide if the statement is a PATRIOT statement or a LOYALIST statement.

• For each statement, record the underlined portion in your T-chart.

Patriots vs. Loyalists: Who said it?

1. King George III is doing the best he can with a difficult situation. He is not a cruel or unjust ruler.

2. No one should have to pay a tax unless they choose the representative who helps determine that tax.

3. England has refused us our God-given rights.

4. Since England does not have the right to tax us, then they also do not have the right to make other laws that affect us.

5. We should pay our fair share to England. We have wealth, religious freedom, and opportunity for all. We are far better off than other countries.

6. We need the protection that England can give us. They protected us in the French and Indian war. They can also protect us in future conflicts.

7. England and the colonies all have the same roots. A war against England is like having a war against our own family. 8. Morally, we are better than England. We know the difference between right and wrong. England's government is corrupt.

What’s next?

• Get out a sheet of paper • Examine the handout • Write me a paper in which you tell me whether you’re a Patriot, Loyalist or Neutralist. You must provide a minimum of four reasons for your choice.

• The paper must be 1-2 pages.

• This counts as a grade.

• Each paper needs an intro, body, conclusion.

If you finish

• Raise your hand • I’ll bring you a sheet of big paper.

• Fold the paper as I showed you.

• You should have 16 squares.

• On one side write a question.

• On the other side, write the answer and picture that corresponds with the answer.

• Use Chapter 4, Sections 1-2 (pages 112 121) to get the information.

The Road to the Revolution continues

• Recall that the Intolerable Acts (1774) included a new Quartering Act putting hundreds more British troops in Boston • Recall, too, that the First Continental Congress (1774) told the colonies to get their militias ready • Both lead to the next Road to Revolution event: The Battles of Lexington & Concord

Lexington & Concord 19 April 1775 • Loyalists tip off the British troops in Boston that the Patriots are storing weapons about 20 miles away in Concord • Patriot spies figure out that the British troops are going to make a surprise march to Concord to seize the weapons • • So on the night of April 18 th into the morning of April 19 th , 1775, Paul Revere makes his famous “Midnight Ride” Midnight Ride poem

The Midnight Ride

• Important to keep in mind:  Paul Revere was not the only Midnight Rider  There were 2 others: William Dawes and Dr. Samuel Prescott  He probably didn’t say “The British are coming!” because the colonists were British  He probably said something like “The regulars are coming!” or “The Redcoats are coming!”

Lexington and Concord are towns 15-20 miles WEST of Boston, Mass.

the Patriots had a weapons storehouse in Concord

• The Battles of Lexington and Concord

Lexington and Concord 19 April 1775

• British troops marched out of Boston towards Lexington and Concord to seize the colonial weapon supply stored there • At Lexington, the British “won” • But at Concord, the Colonists “won” • • Therefore, the first battle of the Revolution is considered a “draw” or a tie • The Colonists demonstrated that they were willing to fight and die for rights they believed in

Keep in mind: this is a full YEAR and 3 months BEFORE the Declaration of Independence is written!

The Shot Heard ‘Round the World

• • • • •

No one knows who fired that first shot at Lexington, MA on April 19 th , 1775 But it is clear that it was the first shot of the American Revolution AND it was the first shot in a war that lead to colonies overthrowing the Mother Country The American Revolution inspired other colonies in the world to strive to do the same– and, thus, that first shot at Lexington became known as “The Shot Heard ‘Round the World”

School House Rock: Shot Heard 'Round the World

Do Now: January 13, 2012

• Sit at your assigned table.

• Copy agenda message: Study for the Enlightenment Quiz next class.

• Meet with your Road to War team to make final preparations and rehearse for your Historical Newscast for the first 10 minutes of class.

• You’ll have independent study time today to work on your National History Day project.

Do Now: January 13, 2012

• Sit at your new seat.

• Sharpen pencils before class begins, please.

• No agenda message.

• Write and respond to this prompt on the next clean page in your notebook.

• What do you think were the most important steps in the Road to the American Revolution? Identify those steps and write a 4-5 sentence paragraph explaining your reasoning.

Second Continental Congress May 1775

• As a result of the Battles of Lexington & Concord– another meeting was called for all colonies in Philadelphia • • Despite the battles, still not all representatives at the meeting favored independence The

Olive Branch Petition

stated the colonies’ loyalty to the King, BUT asked the King to do 3 things: 1) stop fighting the people of Boston 2) repeal the Intolerable Acts 3) guarantee/protect the colonists’ Rights of Englishmen • • The group decided to make another effort at peace with England by sending the

Olive Branch Petition

The Second Continental Congress then took a bold step: it authorized the organization of the Continental Army and named George Washington of Virginia as the commander of the army

The Battle of Bunker Hill June 1775

• • • • • actually fought on Breed’s Hill just outside of Boston The colonists overnight set up on the hill overlooking Boston Harbor The British were forced to attack and fight their way uphill The colonial militiamen were low on ammunition so they were ordered to hold fire until “you see the white’s of their eyes” It took 3 tries before the British forced the Patriots to retreat– but the win came at a steep price • The Battle of Bunker Hill was a British victory– but the Patriots proved (once again) that they were willing to fight against the Redcoats • By March of 1776, General Washington commanded 14,000 Patriot troops in Boston and was able to force the British to retreat from (leave) the city

Common Sense January 1776

• The next Road to Revolution event:

Common Sense

• Written by Thomas Paine in January 1776 in pamphlet format • Within 3 months, 100,000 copies were circulating in the colonies– it is

THE

thing to read and talk about in the colonies • Paine’s ultimate argument was that England should no longer rule over the colonies: It was

common sense

England that the colonies break away from

Common Sense – What did it say?

“Britain is the parent country, say some. Then the more shame upon her conduct. Even brutes do not devour their young, nor savages make war upon their families…”

Common Sense – What did it say?

“…[T]here is something absurd, in supposing a continent to be perpetually governed by an island…”

Common Sense – What did it say?

“Nothing but Independence… can keep the peace of the continent…. A government of our own right is a natural right….”

Cover for Common Sense

• Needs to have the title: Common Sense • Needs to have the author: Thomas Paine • Needs to have the date published: January 1776 • Needs an illustration that represents the message of the book– that it is common sense to break away from England

Reaction to Common Sense

• Loyalist James Chalmers tries to negate Paine’s argument with his own pamphlet:

Plain Truth

• He argues it’s the plain truth that the colonies belong to England and are better off because of it • But this pamphlet is poorly written and doesn’t become anywhere near as popular as Paine’s

Common Sense

• You need ½ a page for a t-chart • Title the chart: John Trumbull’s painting • Label the left side: Observations • Label the right side: Inferences • Observations are things that you see in the painting • Inferences are what you think those things that you see mean/ why they are there

Painter: John Trumbull Date created: 1817 Current location: U.S. Capitol Rotunda in Washington, D.C.

January 17, 2011

• Congratulations,

Waldo

! You were the most successful colony in the Discovery Simulation!

John’s Town

, you were a close second!

• Review your Enlightenment notes. Your test will begin within 5 minutes of class start time.

• Lunch will be at 12:55 today. Thanks for your patience.

January 17, 2011

• Congratulations,

Goshenators

! You were the most successful colony in the Discovery Simulation!

Franklintown

, you were a close second!

• Agenda message: American Revolution test on first class next week. Study guide on website.

• Turn to your John Trumbull painting t chart.

January 18, 2012

• Congratulations,

Queens Dragon

! You were the most successful colony in the Discovery simulation!

Prangs

~ you were a very close 2 nd !

• Agenda message:

American Revolution test on first class next week. Study Guide G.O. on the website.

• Take a study guide from the stool. Glue it into the next clean page of your notebook.

• Turn to your John Trumbull painting t-chart.

• http://www.quiz-tree.com/Declaration-of Independence-Trumbull.html

Declaration of Independence 4 July 1776

• Written by the Second Continental Congress (who was meeting in Philadelphia) • 56 members of the Second Continental Congress– select 5 men to write the DOI: John Adams (MA), Benjamin Franklin (PA), Thomas Jefferson (VA), Robert Livingston (NY), and Roger Sherman (CT) • Ultimately, Thomas Jefferson will do most of the writing of the DOI