Transcript Slide 1

Government Social Research Unit
Evidence-Based Policies and Indicator Systems Conference
Regents Park Conference Centre, London, 11-13 July
What Can Social Science Contribute to
Improving the Nation’s Health?
Philip Davies PhD
Government Social Research Unit
HM Treasury
London SW1A 2HQ
www.gsr.gov.uk
How is the policy
supposed to work?
Logic Model
Theories
of Change
Evidence
for Policy
www.gsr.gov.uk
Theories of Change/Logic Model
Health Trainers Project
Programme Theory
Provide
Personal
Health
Trainers
Develop and
sustain
motivation to
improve
personal and
family health
Change
individuals’
and families’
lifestyles
?
?
?
Evidence on
effectiveness
of knowledge
transmission
Evidence on
effectiveness
of attitude
change
Evidence on
effectiveness
of behavioural
change
Provide
advice and
information
on healthy
living
Improve
health/reduce
morbidity
and mortality
Programme Evidence
www.gsr.gov.uk
How is the policy
supposed to work?
Logic Model
Theories
of Change
What evidence
already exists?
Systematic
Reviews
Harness
Existing
Evidence
Evidence
for Policy
www.gsr.gov.uk
What Makes a Review Systematic?
• Systematic and comprehensive searching of literature
• Systematic critical appraisal of studies identified
• Transparency of inclusion/exclusion criteria and judgements
• Systematic and transparent extraction of data
• Systematic statistical testing and analysis
• Regular updating
www.gsr.gov.uk
Sources of Systematic Review of Health and Healthcare
• Cochrane Collaboration www.cochrane.org
• NHS Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (CRD)
www.york.ac.uk/inst/crd
• Centre for Evidence-Informed Policy and Practice (EPPI)
www.eppi.ioe.ac.uk/
• National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE)
• www.nice.org.uk/
• Social Care Institute of Excellence (SCIE)
www.scie.org.uk
• Campbell Collaboration www.campbellcollaboration.org
• ESRC Centre for EBPP and the Evidence Network
www.evidencenetwork.org
www.gsr.gov.uk
How is the policy
supposed to work?
Logic Model
Systematic
Reviews
What evidence
already exists?
What is the nature,
size and dynamics
of the problem?
Theories
of Change
Evidence
for Policy
Harness
Existing
Evidence
Descriptive
Analytical
Evidence
Statistics
Surveys
Qualitative
Research
www.gsr.gov.uk
Health Surveys and Descriptive Analyses
• Health Survey for England (since 1991)
• National Survey of NHS Patients / Patient Survey Programme
• ONS General Household Survey (GHS)
• Surveys of Drug Use, Smoking and Drinking ,Contraception and
Sexual Health
• Whitehall I and Whitehall II Survey (Michael Marmot)
• MRC Twenty-07 Study, MRC Social and Public Health Unit
• Measuring Health, Variations in Health and Determinants of Health in
Scotland, MRC Social and Public Health Unit
• Welsh Health Survey / Health in Wales Survey
• Northern Ireland Health and Social Well Being Survey (2001)
www.gsr.gov.uk
How is the policy
supposed to work?
Logic Model
Systematic
Reviews
What evidence
already exists?
What is the nature,
size and dynamics
of the problem?
Theories
of Change
Harness
Existing
Evidence
Descriptive
Analytical
Evidence
Evidence
for Policy
Attitudinal
and
Experiential
Evidence
Statistics
Surveys
Qualitative
Research
How to citizens and
patients feel about
health, illness and
health policy?
Surveys
Qualitative
Research
Observational
www.gsr.gov.uk
Studies
Attitudinal and Experiential Surveys
• British Social Attitudes Survey (since 1983)
• European Social Survey
• National Attitudinal Survey of Sexual Behaviour
• National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles
• National Scottish Survey of Public Attitudes to Mental Health
• DIPEx (Database of Individual Patient Experiences)
• The Healthcare Experiences of Patients with Low Literacy
• Patients’ Experiences of Epilepsy and Health Care
www.gsr.gov.uk
How is the policy
supposed to work?
Logic Model
What evidence
already exists?
Systematic
Reviews
What is the nature,
size and dynamics
of the problem?
Theories
of Change
Harness
Existing
Evidence
Descriptive
Analytical
Evidence
Evidence
for Policy
Evidence of
Effective
Interventions
Experimental and
Quasi-Experimental
Studies
Attitudinal and
Experiential
Evidence
Statistics
Surveys
Qualitative
Research
How to citizens and
patients feel about
health, illness and
health policy?
Surveys
Qualitative
Research
What Works?
Observational
www.gsr.gov.uk
At What Costs?
Studies
With What Outcomes?
Types and Sources of Social Experiment
Types of Experiment
• Randomised Controlled Trials (e.g. RIPPLE study)
• Regression Discontinuity Designs
• Propensity Score Matching Studies
• Interrupted Time Series Studies
Sources of Experiment
• Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials
• Campbell Social, Psychological and Educational Controlled
Trials Register (C2SPECTR)
www.gsr.gov.uk
How is the policy
supposed to work?
Logic Model
What evidence
already exists?
Systematic
Reviews
What is the nature,
size and dynamics
of the problem?
Theories
of Change
Harness
Existing
Evidence
Descriptive
Analytical
Evidence
Evidence
for Policy
Cost-Benefit
Cost-Effectiveness
Cust-Utility
Analysis
What is the Cost,
Benefit and
Effectiveness of
Interventions?
Economic
and
Econometric
Evidence
Evidence of
Effective
Interventions
Experimental and
Quasi-Experimental
Studies
Attitudinal and
Experiential
Evidence
Statistics
Surveys
Qualitative
Research
How to citizens and
patients feel about
health, illness and
health policy?
Surveys
Qualitative
Research
What Works?
Observational
www.gsr.gov.uk
At What Costs?
Studies
With What Outcomes?
Sources of Economic Analysis
• Office of Health Economics
• Centre for Health Economics / Health Economics Resource Centre,
University of York
• Health Economics Research Group (Brunel University)
• Centre for the Economics of Health (Bangor University)
• Cochrane and Campbell Economics Methods Group
• National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence (NIHCE)
• HM Treasury Green Book
www.gsr.gov.uk
How is the policy
supposed to work?
Cost-Benefit
Cost-Effectiveness
Cust-Utility
Analysis
What is the Cost,
Benefit and
Effectiveness of
Interventions?
What evidence
already exists?
Systematic
Reviews
What is the nature,
size and dynamics
of the problem?
Social Ethics
Public
Consultation
What are the
ethical
implications of
the policy?
Logic Model
Theories
of Change
Ethical
Evidence
Economic
and
Econometric
Evidence
Harness
Existing
Evidence
Descriptive
Analytical
Evidence
Evidence
for Policy
Evidence of
Effective
Interventions
Experimental and
Quasi-Experimental
Studies
Attitudinal and
Experiential
Evidence
Statistics
Surveys
Qualitative
Research
How to citizens and
patients feel about
health, illness and
health policy?
Surveys
Qualitative
Research
What Works?
Observational
www.gsr.gov.uk
At What Costs?
Studies
With What Outcomes?
Types of Ethical Evidence/Public Consultation
• Rawls’ ‘Veil of Ignorance’
• ‘Good Innings Theory’
• Oregon Method
• Citizens’ Juries
• Delphi Method
• Nominal Group Technique
• Critical Incidence Analysis
www.gsr.gov.uk
Take Home Message
• Social science has much to offer policy making
• In health / health care, and other substantive areas
• There is no one ‘social science’ method
• Rather, a range of methods, techniques, and
perspectives to help people make well-informed
decisions….
• ….based on the best available evidence from social
science research
www.gsr.gov.uk
Contact
[email protected]
Government Social Research Unit
HM Treasury
1 Horse Guards Road
London SW1A HQ
England
Tel: +44 (0)20 7270 5156
www.policyhub.gov.uk
www.gsr.gov.uk