Transcript Achieving Global Product Acceptance Through the IECEE

ECMA-287
Safety of Electronic Equipment
Safeguards to reduce
harmful exposure
to energy sources
Ecma TC12
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ECMA-287 Hazard Based Safety
Engineering (HBSE) Models
Harm Model
Harmful
Energy
Source
Transfer
Mechanism
Harmed
Body Part
Safeguards
Safe
Body Part
Safety Model
Harmful
Energy
Source
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Hazard Based Safety Engineering
Procedure
Procedure:
IDENTIFY ENERGY
SOURCE
• Identify Injury harm or
hazards
IS ENERGY SOURCE
HAZARDOUS?
• Identify energy sources
and energy transfer means
• Specify safeguards:
•
Rationale (why),
•
Requirements (performance),
•
and function (what it does)
Yes
IDENTIFY MEANS BY WHICH
ENERGY CAN BE
TRANSFERRED TO A BODY PART
Improve or
add safeguards
• Specify criteria and/or
construction parameters
for conformance tests that
demonstrate effectiveness.
No
DESIGN SAFEGUARD THAT
PREVENTS ENERGY
TRANSFER TO A BODY PART
MEASURE/TEST SAFEGUARD
EFFECTIVENESS
No
IS SAFEGUARD
EFFECTIVE?
Yes
DONE
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Hazard Based Safety Engineering
Practices
HBSE Practices used for ECMA-287:
• Risk Analysis and Field Experience review used to:
•
Develop Performance Based Criteria and
•
Acceptable Construction Criteria.
• Hypotheses confirmed in laboratory tests
Note that Risk Analysis considers both the:
• Event probability and
• its consequences.
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Hazard Based Safety Engineering
Benefits
ECMA-287:
• Eases the market introduction of new technology;
• Unified standard for a broad range of products;
• Minimises national or regional differences;
• Increases Design Freedom;
• Increases stability due to technology independence;
• Provides rationale for basis of requirements;
• Increases ‘User friendliness’ and usability due to
(conformance based) type test nature
•
Useful for designers;
•
Suitable to assess conformance by suppliers, purchasers and certifiers
(but NOT a certification document).
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ECMA-287
Justification
Former Product Safety standards:
• Were too diverse: safety requirements differed widely
due to emerge of „Multi-Media-Equipment“ products in
the mid 90’s
• Changed too frequently because:
• design oriented rather than performance based
• Maintenance cycles required for any technology evolution
• Were not always based on sound engineering principles
• Were lacking for some product families
• Were difficult to use (Cross references)
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Broad Industry Participation
in Ecma TC12
Note, VDE and SEMKO also contributed to the ECMA-287 development.
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Hazard Based Safety Standard
Scope
ECMA-287 facts:
• To large extent technology independent Safety Standard;
• Scope is ICT and CE equipement rated less than 600 V rms;
• Covers products currently under the scopes of IEC 60065 and
60950-X;
• New safety standard (NOT a merger of IEC 60065 and 60950-1);
• Ecma International Technical Committee 12 draft, based on IEC
basic safety publications and HBSE (Hazard Based Safety
Engineering) principles;
• Freely and electronically available here: ECMA-287;
• Contributed to IEC TC 108 for further elaboration.
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Hazard
Categories
Hazard Categories:
• Electric Shock
• Fire
• Burn
• Mechanical
• Chemical
• Radiation
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Electric Shock Hazard
Subjects
Electric Shock Injury
• Hazardous and non-hazardous values of energy sources
(voltage/current/time/frequency, contact area, etc.)
Safeguards
• Insulation Coordination (creepage, clearance, solid
insulation)
• Protective Earthing
• Components, barriers, enclosures
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Fire Hazard
Subjects
Fire Hazards (property damage)
• Define hazardous and non-hazardous values of energy
sources (voltage, power, time, candle flame, etc.)
Safeguards
• Component and material selection
• Functional insulation
• Barriers, separation, enclosures, etc.
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Burn Hazard
Subjects
Burn Injury (high temperatures, molten metal,
high frequency)
• Hazardous and non-hazardous values of energy sources
(temperature, heat transfer, time, contact area, etc.)
Safeguards
• Component and material selection
• Thermal insulation
• Barriers, separation, enclosures, etc.
Note: Chemical Hazards cover Burn injury from chemicals
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Mechanical Hazard
Subjects
Mechanical related injury
• Sharp edges and corners
• Hazardous moving parts
• Implosion/Explosion
• Instability
• Integrity of mounting means
Safeguards
• Components, barriers, separation, guards, enclosures
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Radiation Hazard
Subjects
Radiation related injury
• Ionizing radiation
• Non-ionizing radiation
Safeguards
• ECMA-287 refers to existing IEC standards that
address some aspects of non-ionizing radiation.
• IEC is developing and standardising safeguards for
other aspects of non-ionizing radiation. Ecma TC12
will consider referring those standards in future
editions of ECMA-287.
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Chemical Hazard
Subjects
Chemical related injury (burns, toxicity, explosion)
• Hazardous and non-hazardous values.
Safeguards
• Component and material selection
• Containment, ventilation
• Barriers, separation, etc.
Safeguard properties
• Chemical resistance
• Compatibility
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Section Format
Clause
• States objective of clause
Defines limits between hazardous and non-hazardous
Specifies principal safeguards
• Location of safeguard
• Safeguard parameters
• Safeguard parameter tests/construction
Specifies supplemental safeguards
• Location of safeguard
• Safeguard parameters
• Safeguard parameter tests/construction
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Rue du Rhône 114
CH-1204 Geneva
T: +41 22 849 6000
F: +41 22 849 6001
www.ecma-international.org
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