Transcript Chapters 4 and 5 Input and Output

Input and Output
The User Connection
1
Brain Teaser…






Draw nine points on a piece of paper
(see next slide)
After moving to the next slide, don’t click
until you ready to have the answer
revealed.
Connect the 9 points by drawing four
straight lines without lifting the pencil.
Only pass through each point once.
Too easy – try three straight lines 
Hint: Think outside the box…
2
3
Topics
 List
and describe different input and
output equipment.
 Describe the characteristics that
determine a monitor’s quality.
 Describe the characteristics that
determine printer’s quality.
 Be sure to read textbook for
additional information on Input and
Output equipment.
4
Information Processing Cycle
Input
Raw Data
Process
(Application)
Output from one process can
serve as input to another process.
Output
Information
Storage
5
What is Input?
Input is any data and/or instructions
entered into the memory (RAM) of
a computer.
 An application (program) must be
running in order for the data to be
entered and processed.
 Instructions may be submitted to an
application (for example Save File) or
may be submitted to the Operating
System (for example Start a program). 6

Input Devices
•Keyboard
•Mouse
•Trackball
•Touchpad
•Joystick
•Pens
•Pointing Stick
•Touch Screen
•Graphics Tablet
•Scanners
•Optical Readers
•OCR/OMR/Bar Code/
Magnetic Ink Character Reader
•Data Collection Devices
•Biological Feedback
•Digital Cameras
•Microphone
•Voice/Speech Recognition
•Video Input
•Videoconferencing
•TV Tuner
ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act )
•Keyguard
7
•Head mounted pointer
Standard Computer Keyboard
8
Computer Keyboard Keys







Function Keys
Cursor-Movement Keys
Numeric Keypad
Toggle Keys (Caps Lock, Num Lock)
Modifier Keys (Shift, Alt, Ctrl)
Windows Keys
Print Screen
List of Keyboard Shortcut Keys
http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;en-us;Q301583
9
Capturing a Screen Image
Print Screen – Captures an image of
the entire desktop to the Clipboard.
 Alt + Print Screen - Captures active
window image to the Clipboard.

http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/e
n-us/dnwue/html/appxb.asp
10
Ergonomic Keyboards
International Keyboards
11
Entering International Characters in Word
12
Multi-media Readers

Reads various Flash Memory Cards
such as those used on digital cameras.
13
Biometric Input
Biometrics is the technology of
authenticating a person’s identity by
verifying a personal characteristic.
 Fingerprint scanner
 Face Recognition Technology
 Voice Verification System
 Signature Verification System
 Iris Recognition System (eyes)

14
What is Output?
Output is data processed into a
useful information that can used by
a person or a machine.
 Softcopy – displayed on a monitor
or saved to a disk.
 Hardcopy – printed output

15
Output Categories


Text
Graphics




Audio




Drawings
Charts
Photos
Sounds
Music
Speech
Video

Animation
16
Output Devices
•Monitors
•Flat Panel
•LCD Displays
•Gas Plasma
•Touch Screens
•HDTV (digital)
•Printers
Portrait/Landscape
•Impact
•Inkjet
•Laser
•Thermal printer
•Portable printer
•Braille printer
•Plotters
•Label printer
•Fax machine
•Multifunction
•Data Projectors
• LCD
• Digital Light (DLP)
•HDTV
•Speakers
•Headsets
•Tactile Displays
(visually impaired
see next slide)
17
Tactile Display
Display is generated
by adjusting the
metallic film’s
curvature. The user
places their hand
over the device to
“feel” the output.
White areas on image
are raised slightly.
18
Monitor Attributes






Pixel - is the smallest element in an electronic
image. Pixel is short for picture element.
Resolution – clarity of the image is directly
related to the number of pixels.
Common resolutions range from 800 x 600 to
1600 x 1200 pixels (horizontal x vertical).
Dot Pitch - refers to the distance between each
pixel (recommend .28 or less). The smaller the
dot pitch, the sharper the screen image.
Refresh or Scan Rate (CRT) – the number of
times the image is drawn per second by the
scanning electron beam (recommend 68 Hz,
slower may flicker).
Response Time (LCD) – time in milliseconds (ms)
19
it takes to turn a pixel on or off (2-8ms) instead
of using a scanning electron beam.
Resolution
A higher resolution
means that there
are more pixels per inch.
 This gives the desktop more room, so
more information can fit on the screen.
 This in turn makes text and graphics
appear smaller.
 Most consumers think that buying a
larger screen with a higher resolution
20
will allow them to see their work larger.

Integrated vs. Expansion Video





A port on the back of the computer is required
to connect a monitor.
The video connection may be integrated into the
motherboard, or added as an Expansion Card by
inserting into an Expansion Slot.
Integrated video shares the system RAM and
may require that the CPU do some of the work.
Expansion cards come with additional RAM and a
Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) that graphic
programs and games take advantage of.
The same is true for sound cards, but video is
more demanding.
21
Ports for Integrated Circuits
Standard VGA Monitor Port
22
Video Cards

Expansion Slots








AGP –
Accelerated Graphics Port
PCI or PCI Express
S-Video for TV’s or other video
VGA – standard video (15 pin)
DVI - Digital Visual Interface (24 pin)
DVI is a connection standard
developed by Intel for connecting
computers to digital monitors such
as flat panels and DLP projectors.
DVI allows digital to digital
connection and that eliminates the
conversion to analog and thereby
delivers an unblemished image.
ATI and nVidia are some chip sets
found on various products
23
Dual Monitors?

Can use Standard port and DVI port,
or a Dual-monitor video card, or
two separate video cards.
24
Audio Cards


May include line out, headphone
out, microphone in, Aux, etc.
Surround Sound for unbelievable
gaming, movie, and music
experience.
25
Printers




Impact printers form characters by striking a
mechanism against a ribbon that physically
contacts the paper (noisy and less clearer).
Nonimpact printers form characters without
actually striking the paper.
Image sharpness is measured in dots per inch
(dpi).
Laser Printers




600 or 1200 dpi
15 – 50 pages per minute (ppm)
Uses drum, toner, laser and heat (copy machine)
Inkjet Printers
4800 x 1200 dpi
 8 – 22 ppm
 Ink is sprayed on to paper
To save color ink, set printer to print in Black
and White instead of Color as the default.


26
Portrait vs Landscape


Portrait orientation is taller than wider
Landscape orientation is wider than taller.
27
Number of Bits and Color…
Human eye has only 3 color receptors.
 Red, Green, Blue (RGB)
 The eye can see about 256 shades of
each, which is about 350,000 colors.
 8 bit = 28 = 256 colors
 16 bit = 216 = 65,536
 24 bit = 224 = 16.7 million (true color)

28
Another Brain Teaser…






On the next slide there is a ring of pink dots.
If your eyes follow the movement of the rotating
pink dot, the dots will remain only one color, pink.
However if you stare at the " + " in the center, the
moving dot turns to green.
If you concentrate on the " + " in the center of the
picture. After a short period, all the pink dots will
slowly disappear, and you will only see only a single
green dot rotating.
There really isn’t a green dot , and the pink ones
really does 't disappear.
We don't always see what we think we see.
29
30
Next In Class

Lab – Adaptive Technology
31