Transcript Ch. 14 – The Formation of Western Europe

Ch. 14 – The
Formation of
Western Europe
Ch. 14.1 – The Church Reform
and Crusades
The Catholic Church underwent reform and
launched Crusades against Muslims.
• Key Terms – simony, Gothic, Urban II, Saladin,
Richard the Lion-Hearted, Reconquista,
Inquisition
The Age of Faith
• Problems in Church
– Priests were marrying
– Bishops sold positions (simony)
– Lay investiture
• Church Reform
– Began ending simony and lay investiture
– Pope Leo IX and Pope Gregory VII
• New Religious Orders
– Franciscan
– Dominican
– Friars (boo Fenwick!)
Cathedrals – Cities of God
• Romanesque
– Arched
– Thick walls
– Pillars
• Gothic
– Thrust upwards
– Huge stained glass
windows
– Cathedral of Notre
Dame
The Crusades
• “Holy War” launched by Pope Urban II
• 300 years of battle between Muslims and
Christians over Jerusalem
• 1097 – 1300s
• First and Second Crusades
– 1099 – Jerusalem captured by Christians
– 1144 – Recaptured by Muslims
• Third Crusade
– Richard Lion-Hearted, Philip II, and Frederick I
– 1192 – Muslims end up victorious
Decline of Crusading Spirit
• Children’s Crusade
– 1200s – Thousands of children under age of 18
brought into battle
– Many died or sold into slavery
• Spanish Crusade
– Reconquista – long battle by Spanish to drive
Muslims (Moors) out of Spain
– 1492 – Army of Ferdinand and Isabella capture
Granada (final Muslim hold in Spain)
Effects of Crusades
• Loss of power of Pope
• European merchants
profited
• Lasting bitterness
between Muslims and
Christians
• Effects of religious
fervor, feudalism, and
chivalry