Transcript Ch. 18 Knee Injuries - Midway ISD / Home Page

Ch. 18 Knee Injuries
Knee
 Genu Valgum (knocked knee)
 Genu Varum (Bow legged)
 Genu Recurvatum (hyperextension)
Patellofemoral Pain
 Difficult injury to deal with because the MOI may be hard to
isolate
 MOI: prolonged knee flexion, stairs, squats, running
 S/S: pain in the front of the knee or behind the kneecap,
knee giving way, crepitus, mild swelling
Patellofemoral Pain
 Treatment: correct
biomechanics that is
causing misalignment,
strengthen quads, patella
tape, orthotics, braces
Patella Tendonitis
 Jumper’s Knee
 MOI: sprinting, jumping,
quick change in directions,
repetitive
 S/S: anterior knee pain
below patella
 Treatment: modify activity,
ice, patella strap
Patella Dislocation
 MOI: knee bent and forced
inward
 S/S: obvious deformity,
pain, immediate swelling
 Treatment: reduce,
immobilize, check
ligaments, RICE
 Rehab: strengthening,
ROM
Osgood-Schlatter
 Involves tibial tubercle
epiphysis
 Males 12-16, Females 1014
 MOI: traction of quads
 S/S: pain, swelling,
weakness in quads, lump,
pain with palpation
Osgood-Schlatter
 Treatment: control pain,




swelling, and flexibility
Wear protective pad or
knee sleeve
Ice after all activity
Take NSAIDs
Stretch hamstrings
IT Band Syndrome
 Iliotibial Band: thick
fibrous tissue on lateral
side of thigh
 ITB Syndrome is irritation
of the ITB when it crosses
muscles and bone at lateral
epicondyle
IT Band Syndrome
 Caused by increased
mileage, foot and knee
misalignment, leg length
discrepancies
 Treatment: RICE, stretch,
correct biomechanical
problems
MCL
 MOI: blow to outside of
knee resulting in valgus
force
 S/S: pain on medial joint
line or at attachments of
MCL, decreased ROM,
swelling
 Treatment: RICE, crutches
 Rehab: ROM,
strengthening
ACL
 Females who participate in basketball and soccer are four to
six times more likely to tear ACL than males who play the
same sport
 70% of ACL injuries in females are noncontact
 Influencing factors
 Biomechanical: quadriceps, landing
 Hormones
 Environmental: playing surface, shoe type
 Anatomic: femoral notch, Q-angle
ACL
 MOI: noncontact or contact,
rapid change of direction
 No degrees—either torn or
not
 S/S: ‘pop’, swelling, ‘loose’
knee, pain
 Special Test: Anterior Drawer,
Lachman’s, should be
performed before guarding
sets in
 Diagnosed with MRI
 Treatment: RICE, crutches,
knee immobilizer, surgery
PCL
 Most common MOI is car
accident-knee hitting the
dashboard
 Use ‘sag’ test to diagnosis
 Usually non-surgical
 Rehab to restore strength
and ROM
Meniscus
 Medial meniscus is attached
more securely on the back
and medial side of the knee.
It does not more around
easily which is why its torn
more often
 MOI: sudden knee twisting
 S/S: clicking, pain with
flexion
 As one ages, meniscus lose
rubbery consistency and tear
more easily
Special Tests
 Apprehension: Patella dislocation
 Valgus Stress Test: MCL
 Varus Stress Test: LCL
 Lachmen’s and Anterior Drawer: ACL
 Posterior Drawer: PCL
 McMurray’s: Meniscus
Rehab
 ROM: heel prop, heel
slides
 Strengthening: Straight leg
raises, total knee
extensions, step ups
 Balance: on foam pad,
rebounder
 Functional: speed ladder,
carioca, cutting