Transcript CHAPTER 19

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CHAPTER 19
World
Geography
Today
The Persian Gulf and Interior
Section 1: Natural Environments
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Middle East Physical Map
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Section 1
Natural Environments
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World
Geography
Today
Landforms and rivers:
 Saudi Arabia—mountains in the west and dry
plains stretching to the Persian Gulf
 Iraq—wide plain of Mesopotamia, with two great
rivers, Tigris and Euphrates
 Iran—Zagros, Elburz, and Kopet-Dag Mountains,
along with high plateaus
 Afghanistan—Hindu Kush
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Section 1
Natural Environments
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World
Geography
Today
Effects of physical geography on climates
and biomes:
 Mountains provide water to valleys below by
blocking moist winds and causing rain.
 Saudi Arabian lowlands are hot but humid, due to
nearby sea.
 Higher elevations have cooler temperatures.
 Trees are common only in mountains.
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Section 1
Natural Environments
HOLT
World
Geography
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Key natural resources in the region are
oil and water.
 Water, a scarce resource:
 Tigris and Euphrates are critical to Iraq.
 Farmers in northern Iran depend on rain; others rely
on irrigation.
 Desert areas may have oases and wells.
 Desalinization of seawater is possible for wealthy
countries.
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Section 1
Natural Environments
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World
Geography
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Key natural resources in the region are
oil and water. (continued)
 Oil, plentiful and valuable:
 Persian Gulf reserves are the world’s largest.
 Iraq, Oman, and Yemen also have deposits.
 Only Iran has substantial metallic ores.
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World
Geography
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CHAPTER 20
The Eastern Mediterranean
Section 1: Natural Environments
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Section 1
Natural Environments
HOLT
World
Geography
Today
Landforms and rivers:
 Turkey—plains and hills; two mountain ranges;
Anatolian Plateau
 coastal plain in Syria, Lebanon, and Israel
 rift valley, edged with hills
 Jordan River, flows into Dead Sea
 Tigris and Euphrates Rivers
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Section 1
Natural Environments
HOLT
World
Geography
Today
Climates, biomes, and natural resources:
 arid, semi-arid, and Mediterranean climates
 distance from sea, elevation, rain shadows—
factors in temperature and rainfall
 evergreen forests once common, now mainly gone
 Syrian Desert—scarce plant and animal life
 valuable minerals and energy—coal, copper, iron
ore, potash, magnesium
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