Transcript Document

Gender Analysis: key
conceptual tools
What is Gender Analysis?
Social analysis to distinguish the
resources, activities, potentials and
constraints of women relative to men in
a given socio-economic group
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What is Gender Analysis?
Who does what?
Who has what?
Who decides? How?
Who wins? Who loses?
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Gender Analysis Concepts
• Gender Division of Labour/gender roles
• Access to and Control of Resources and
Benefits
• Condition and Position
• Practical Gender Needs and Strategic Gender
interests
• Transformatory Potential
• Gender unaware and aware policies and
programmes
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Gender Division of Labour
Men and women are assigned different
roles, responsibilities and activities
according to what society considers
appropriate.
Furthermore, these roles are given relative
values.
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Gender Division of Labour
Men and women have multiple roles
mostly related to work:
• productive
• reproductive
• community
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Productive Role
Work that involves the production of
goods and services that usually can be
exchanged for cash or kind. Both men
and women engage in productive work,
but women's work is usually undervalued
and often invisible.
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Reproductive Role
Activities carried out to reproduce and care
for children and household.
Includes child birth, child rearing and family
planning, food preparation, water and fuel
collection, shopping, housekeeping and
family health care.
It is usually unpaid, manual work done
mostly by women and girls
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Community Role
Community work includes ceremonies and
celebrations, local politics or provision of
community services such as health clinics
and communal kitchens.
Although both men and women participate
in community work, men's community work
is often valued more and is sometimes paid.
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Community Role
Women's community work is often
undervalued and provided on a mostly
volunteer basis. For women, it often is an
extension of reproductive/household
work.
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Access and Control of
Resources and Benefits
Access is the opportunity to use
something.
Control is being able to define and impose
its use.
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Access and Control of
Resources and Benefits
Resources include time, money, land etc.
used to carry out activities. They can be
defined in political, financial, productive etc.
terms.
Benefits are the result of the use of a
resource and include basic needs, money,
asset ownership, education and status.
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Condition and Position
The distinction between the everyday
condition men and women face and their
positions in society.
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Condition and Position
Condition refers to our material state and
our immediate environment. This usually
includes basic needs and our daily
routine.
Position, on the other hand, refers to
women's economic, social and political
standing relative to men.
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Condition and Position
Most development policies and
programmes attempt to address
women's condition but not their position
in society.
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Practical Gender Needs
and
Strategic Gender Interests
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Practical Needs & Strategic Interests
Practical gender needs (PGNs) arise
from a person’s condition
Strategic gender interests (SGIs) arise
from a person’s position in social
relations of gender
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Practical Gender Needs
PGNs are immediate perceived needs
that are a result of the gender division of
labour and related to men’s and women's
condition.
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Strategic Gender Interests
Interests that are related to improving
the relative position of women and men.
They result from women’s subordinate
position and men’s privilege. Therefore
men do not share these with women.
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PGNs/SGIs
Addressing PGNs does not automatically
challenge women's subordination.
PGNs and SGIs are not mutually
exclusive. Addressing PGNs is important
and may be a precondition for women to
identify their SGIs.
Addressing SGIs can sometimes be done
while addressing PGNs. Depends on
“how” PGNs are addressed
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PGNs
SGIs
 tend to be
 tend to be long –
immediate and
short-term
 unique to
term
 common to almost all
men and women
particular men and
 relate to
women
disadvantaged
position
 relate to daily
needs and GDOL
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SGIs
PGNs
 easily identifiable  not always easily
identifiable
 can be addressed  can be addressed by
by provision of
specific inputs
(food, handpumps,
clinic…)
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consciousness raising,
increasing selfconfidence, education,
strengthening
women’s
organizations
Addressing PGNs
 tends to involve
women as
beneficiaries and
perhaps as
participants
 can improve the
conditions of women
 generally does not
alter traditional
gender roles and
relationships
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Addressing SGIs
 involves women as
agents or enables
women to become
agents
 can improve the
position of women in
society
 can empower women
and transform gender
relationships
Transformatory Potential
• Acknowledges both men and women
maintain and accept gender roles and
relations, they are affected by them,
but then also can challenge and
transform them
• Considering the transformatory
potential of an initiative can show us
how PGNs can be met in ways that
have the potential of transforming
power relations
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Gender Unaware policy
• Gender Unaware policy design and analyses
are those which are implicitly premised on the
notion of a male development actor
• While couched in gender-neutral language,
they are implicitly male-biased in that they
privilege male needs, interests and priorities in
the distribution of opportunities and resources.
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Gender aware policy
• Gender neutral - accurate assessment of the
existing gender division of resources and
responsibilities
• Gender specific - intended to target and
benefit a specific gender in order to achieve
certain policy goals
• Gender transformative - interventions
designed to transform gender relations more
equitably
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